scholarly journals Controlling Fusarium oxysporum Tomato Fruit Rot under Tropical Condition Using Both Chitosan and Vanillin

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Zahir Shah Safari ◽  
Phebe Ding ◽  
Jaafar Juju Nakasha ◽  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Tropical Condition ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Control Disease

Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. is one of the most cultivated and widely consumed vegetables in the world. However, it is very susceptible to the infection initiated by Fusariumoxysporum fruit rot, which shortens post-harvest life and thus reduces market value. This disease can be regulated appropriately by the application of synthetic fungicides. However, chemical fungicides constitute a serious health risk, and have harmful environment effects and increase disease resistance, even when microbes are dead. Hence, to overcome this problem, chitosan and vanillin, which have antimicrobial bioactive properties against the growth of microorganisms, could be an alternative to disease control, while maintaining fruit quality and prolonging shelf life. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and vanillin towards the inoculate pathogen and to investigate the effect of chitosan and vanillin coating in vivo on Fusarium oxysporum fruit rot and defense-related enzymes (PAL, PPO and POD). Chitosan and vanillin in aqueous solutions, i.e., 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 0.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin and 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, were used as edible coatings on tomatoes stored at 26 ± 2 °C and 60 ± 5 relative humidity. The result revealed 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin was able to control disease incidence by 70.84% and severity by 70%. These combinations of coatings were also able to retain phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase activity (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activities as well as prolong shelf life of tomatoes up to 15 days.

Eco-friendly management of wilt caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Ciceri in chickpea

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandar Kala ◽  
S. Gangopadhyay ◽  
S. L. Godara
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Chickpea Wilt ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

Antagonistic potentiality of Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum and Pseudomonas fluorescens were evaluated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri under in vivo conditions. The effect of organic amendments viz; farm yard manure, vermicompost and mustard cake on disease control potentiality of test antagonists against chickpea wilt and on population dynamics of the antagonists and pathogen in soil was also studied. Maximum inhibition of mycelial growth of F. o. f. sp. ciceri was recorded in presence of P. fluorescens (%) followed by T. harzianum (%) and T. viride (%). Seed treatment with P. fluorescens was more effective in suppressing the disease incidence as compared to T. harzianum and T. viride. The disease control efficacy and population dynamics of all the three test antagonists was enhanced in response to application of organic amendments. Among the three organic amendments tested, mustard cake was most effective in enhancing the disease control potentiality of these antagonists.

Effects of Streptomyces corchorusii, Streptomyces mutabilis, pendimethalin, and metribuzin on the control of bacterial and Fusarium wilt of tomato

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd El-Raheem R. El-Shanshoury ◽  
Soad M. Abu El-Sououd ◽  
Omima A. Awadalla ◽  
Nabila B. El-Bandy
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pseudomonas Solanacearum ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Antagonistic Streptomyces

Two Streptomyces spp. and two herbicides were used to control the pathogens of tomato wilt disease in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies showed inhibitory effects of Streptomyces corchorusii against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) and inhibitory effects of Streptomyces mutabilis against Pseudomonas solanacearum. In cultures amended with pendimethalin or metribuzin, the growths of P. solanacearum and F. oxysporum were inhibited. The degree of growth inhibition was proportional to the herbicide concentration, with pendimethalin being more effective than metribuzin, and maximum inhibition was at 2.0 × 10−3 M. The growth of S. corchorusii and S. mutabilis was slightly inhibited or enhanced by the herbicides. Supplementation of the herbicides to culture media of the antagonistic Streptomyces spp. increased their inhibitory effects against P. solanacearum and F. oxysporum that were proportional to the herbicide concentrations. Soaking seeds of tomato in the herbicides prior to sowing in sterilized and raw soils and applying S. corchorusii and (or) S. mutabilis to the soils artificially infested with P. solanacearum and (or) F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) 40 days after transplanting revealed significant interactions that gave better control of wilt than either applied alone. The combination of antagonistic Streptomyces spp. was more effective with pendimethalin than with metribuzin and in nonsterilized soil than in sterilized soil. The combination of pendimethalin with S. corchorusii, S. mutabilis, or S. corchorusii plus S. mutabilis was more effective than the single treatment with microbial antagonists or the herbicide against F. oxysporum, P. solanacearum, and Pseudomonas plus Fusarium, respectively. In both soils, the combination of microbial antagonists with pendimethalin was most effective at 2.0 × 10−3 M, disease incidence being reduced to zero and the percent colonization of either pathogen being the lowest. The results also revealed that these combinations minimized the negative effects of the pathogens on tomato growth. This work demonstrates that two compatible control agents, biological and chemical, can be combined to give additional control of a plant pathogen. Keywords: Streptomyces spp., herbicides, Pseudomonas solanacearum, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Sacc.), wilt, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brayford
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
The World

Abstract A description is provided for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato). May also infect other species of Lycopersicon. DISEASE: Vascular wilt. The fungus may also cause tomato fruit rot. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tomato growing regions of the world. Africa: Kenya, Morocco, Nigeria, Republic of South Africa, Senegal, Tanzania, Tunisia. America: Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Cuba, Mexico, USA. Asia: China, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Pakistan. Australasia: Australia. Europe: Albania, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, USSR. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is soil borne and may also be transmitted by seed (58, 3447; 67, 1486), planting material and locally by water flow.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activity of Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oils and Functional Extracts Against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Laila Muñoz Castellanos ◽  
Nubia Amaya Olivas ◽  
Juan Ayala-Soto ◽  
Carmen Miriam De La O Contreras ◽  
Miriam Zermeño Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Fruit Samples

In this study, hydrodistillation was used to obtain essential oils (EOs) from pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) and co-hydrodistillation (addition of fatty acid ethyl esters as extraction co-solvents) was used to obtain functional extracts (FEs). Antifungal activity of EOs and FEs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger. The results showed that pepper (Piper nigrum) and clove (Eugenia caryophyllata) essential oils and their functional extracts are effective in vitro at concentrations from 400 to 500 ppm after 10 days of culturing. The essential oils and functional extracts were used on tomato fruit samples at three different concentrations: 350, 400, and 450 ppm5. Clove essential oil reduced the growth of Aspergillus niger from 50% to 70% and Fusarium oxysporum to 40%. The functional extracts (FEs) of clove and pepper, mixed with ethyl decanoate (FEs-C10), were the best combination for protecting the tomato fruit in vivo against both phytopathogenic fungi. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify eugenol as the principal compound in clove oil and limonene, sabinene, and β-caryophyllene in pepper oil.

scholarly journals Combining Chitosan and Vanillin to Retain Postharvest Quality of Tomato Fruit during Ambient Temperature Storage

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
Zahir Shah Safari ◽  
Phebe Ding ◽  
Jaafar Juju Nakasha ◽  
Siti Fairuz Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Negative Effects

Tomato, being a climacteric crop, has a relatively short postharvest life due to several factors such as postharvest diseases, accelerated ripening, and senescence that trigger losses in quantity and quality. Chemicals are widely used to control postharvest disease. Inaptly, it leads to detrimental effects on human health, environment and it is leads to increased disease resistance. Chitosan and vanillin could be an alternative to disease control, maintain fruit quality, and prolong shelf life. The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of chitosan and vanillin coating on the tomato fruit’s physicochemical quality during storage at 26 ± 2 °C/60 ± 5% relative humidity. Chitosan and vanillin in aqueous solutions i.e., 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 1.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin, 0.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, 1% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, and 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin, respectively, were used as edible coating. The analysis was evaluated at 5-day intervals. The results revealed that 1.5% chitosan + 15 mM vanillin significantly reduced disease incidence and disease severity by 74.16% and 79%, respectively, as well delaying weight loss up to 90% and reducing changes in firmness, soluble solids concentration, and color score. These coatings also reduced the rate of respiration and the rate of ethylene production in comparison to the control and fruit treated with 0.5% chitosan + 10 mM vanillin. Furthermore, ascorbic acid content and the antioxidant properties of tomato were retained while shelf life was prolonged to 25 days without any negative effects on fruit postharvest quality.

scholarly journals Cytological studies of tomato fruit rot caused by fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici race J3. (I). The penetration site.

1990 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira TOMIKAWA ◽  
Issei KOBAYASHI ◽  
Miki SAKURAI ◽  
Toshio YAMAMOTO ◽  
Naoto YAMAOKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum F.Sp.Lycopersici

scholarly journals Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kulit Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) terhadap Fusarium oxysporum pada Kecambah Kelapa Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tyas Dwi Chintya ◽  
Albertus Sudirman ◽  
Ersan Ersan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Mangosteen Peel ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Peel Extract

Fusarium oxysporum is a pathogen that causes wilt in oil palm and can cause oil palm sprout decay. The study aimed to determine the effectivity of mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) in inhibiting the growth of Fusarium oxysporum in vitro and in vivo. The research was conducted in November 2017 to June 2018 at the Politeknik Negeri Lampung. The method used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, namely the concentration of mangosteen peel extract 0% (control), 15%, 30%, 45%,and 60%. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tests of mean values using the LSD test. The results showed that mangosteen peel extract affected the percentage of inhibitory zone extract in Fusarium oxysporum in vitro at concentrations of 15%, 30%, and 45% respectively at 25,92%, 29,06% and 35,95%. The treatment of mangosteen peel extract also affected the percentage of disease incidence and number of leaves in in vivo testing.

scholarly journals Assessing the Control of Postharvest Gray Mold Disease on Tomato Fruit Using Mixtures of Essential Oils and Their Respective Hydrolates

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1719
Author(s):  
Conny Brito ◽  
Henrik Hansen ◽  
Luis Espinoza ◽  
Martín Faúndez ◽  
Andrés F. Olea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Tomato Crop

Gray mold disease, which is caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers ex. Fr., results in serious economic losses to Lycopersicum esculentum (tomato) crop productivity. In this study, we explored the possibility that mixtures of essential oils (EOs) and their respective hydrolates (HYSs) could be used to control this disease. Thus, EOs and HYSs were obtained from Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris, Citrus limon, and Citrus sinensis by hydrodistillation. In vitro antifungal activities were evaluated, and EC50 values of 15.9 and 19.8 µg/mL were obtained for EOs of thyme and oregano, respectively. These activities are due mainly to volatile compounds, thymol and carvacrol. Results from in vivo assays show that although most tomatoes were infested five days after inoculation, the damage was considerably reduced by the application of an EO/HYS mixture of thyme. The disease incidence indexes of B. cinerea tomato rot, percentage and severity, measured four days after inoculation, were reduced by 70% and 76%, respectively, as compared with the inoculum control. These results suggest that a combination of HYSs and EOs enhances antifungal activity, and that optimization of relative concentrations, volumes, and the nature of the compounds, could design a formulation able to control B. cinerea inoculum on tomato fruits.

scholarly journals Mycelium Dispersion from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi Elicits a Reduction of Wilt Severity and Influences Phenolic Profiles of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447
Author(s):  
Janneth Santos-Rodríguez ◽  
Ericsson Coy-Barrera ◽  
Harold Duban Ardila
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Dianthus Caryophyllus ◽  
Environmental Cost ◽  
Defensive Responses ◽  
Biotic Elicitor ◽  
Phenolic Profiles

The fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi (Fod) is the causal agent of the vascular wilt of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) and the most prevalent pathogen in the areas where this flower is grown. For this reason, the development of new control strategies against Fod in carnation has been continuously encouraged, in particular those based on the implementation of plant resistance inducers that can trigger defensive responses to reduce the disease incidence, even at lower economical and environmental cost. In the present study, the effect of the soil supplementation of a biotic elicitor (i.e., ultrasound-assisted dispersion obtained from Fod mycelium) on disease severity and phenolic-based profiles of roots over two carnation cultivars was evaluated. Results suggest that the tested biotic elicitor, namely, eFod, substantially reduced the progress of vascular wilting in a susceptible cultivar (i.e., ‘Mizuki’) after two independent in vivo tests. The LC-MS-derived semi-quantitative levels of phenolic compounds in roots were also affected by eFod, since particular anthranilate derivatives, conjugated benzoic acids, and glycosylated flavonols were upregulated by elicitation after 144 and 240 h post eFod addition. Our findings indicate that the soil-applied eFod has an effect as a resistance inducer, promoting a disease severity reduction and accumulation of particular phenolic-like compounds.

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