scholarly journals Sputter-Deposited Cr–Ag Films for Environmental Antimicrobial Applications

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Lijun Wang ◽  
Yingjie Wang ◽  
Powan Shum ◽  
Yuefeng Hou ◽  
Tao Fu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Silver Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Action Time ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chromium–silver films with ≤ 39.2 at.% Ag were deposited by magnetron sputtering for antibacterial applications. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses indicate that the films consist of Cr and Ag, and silver segregation is not obvious at the surface. The films are hard (628–968 HV0.001) and hydrophobic with low surface energy (12.8–26.8 mJ/m2). The drying time of water droplets is dependent on ambient conditions, material wettability and droplet size. The test against Escherichia coli indicates antibacterial ratios of 100% for the Cr–Ag films (action time 3 h). However, bacteria died within 15 min due to quick drying of the bacterial suspension in open ambient conditions. The Cr–Ag films would have potential antimicrobial applications in public environmental facilities.

Solid-Phase Reaction of Tungsten Thin Films with Polycrystalline Diamond

1994 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bachli ◽  
J. S. Chen ◽  
R. P. Ruiz ◽  
M-A. Nicolet
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Solid Phase Reaction ◽  
Phase Reaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Final State ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThe thermally induced solid-phase reaction of 135 nm thick sputter-deposited W films with polycrystalline CVD-grown diamond substrates is investigated. The samples are annealed in vacuum (5×10/-7 torr) at temperatures between 700 °C and 1100 °C for 1 hour and examined by 2 MeV 4He++ backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy.The as-deposited W films contain roughly 5 at.% oxygen. After annealing the samples at 800 °C this oxygen concentration falls below the detection limit of less than 1 %. Incipient W2C phase formation occurs during annealing at 900 °C. The final state, the WC phase, is reached after annealing at 1100 °C.

The Chemical Iodination of Silver

1986 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
GD Campbell ◽  
FJ Lincoln ◽  
IM Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Metal Oxidation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Identity ◽  
Polycrystalline Silver ◽  
Scanning Electron

Kinetic experiments are reported on the chemical formation of AgI layers on polycrystalline silver substrates. The AgI layers, up to several micrometres in average thickness, were grown under ambient conditions by reacting a rotating silver disc with solutions of iodine dissolved in ethanol and with aqueous triiodide solutions. The morphology and structural identity of the AgI layers were determined by scanning electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction, respectively. Depending upon the growth conditions employed, either porous or compact AgI deposits could result, and thus the rate of formation of AgI could be limited by a diffusion step in solution, or by some slower transport step across the layers. The AgI layers were inhomogeneous, and often consisted of discrete crystallites. Thus, the metal oxidation theories developed for planar and isotropic product layers could not be applied to the formation of AgI layers under ambient conditions.

Microstructure and Nanoindentation Hardness of Sputter Deposited Nanocrystalline Tantalum Thin Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 311-313 ◽  
pp. 1810-1813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liang Sun ◽  
Ming Wei
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Diffraction Field ◽  
Indentation Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Current Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Nanoindentation Hardness ◽  
Sputter Deposited ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tantalum (Ta) thin film was deposited onto Si (100) substrates using direct-current magnetron sputtering. The structure and mechanical properties of Ta films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and nanoindenter. The results indicated a transition from regular to irregular Hall-Petch relationship with decreasing grain size. Besides, a peak indentation hardness value of 12.8 GPa, much higher than that of bulk coarse-grained Ta, was obtained at the grain size of 36.3 nm.

scholarly journals Photoconductivity of ZnS Thin Films Deposited by Solution-Processing Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Jafarli Rufat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Solution Processing ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

We have explored various solution- processing techniques to produce ZnS thin films on conducting (ITO) and silicon substrates along with ZnS-porous silicon composite films. All these samples obtained from different methods and chemical recipes were annealed under fixed ambient conditions and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet photocurrent response. Various characterizations reveal that the fabrication conditions and intrinsic defects of ZnS play a vital role in optoelectronic performance.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Identification of calcium oxalate crystals in dried or fixed tobacco leaf

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
Vicki L. Baliga ◽  
Mary Ellen Counts
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Calcium is an important element in the growth and development of plants and one form of calcium is calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate has been found in leaf seed, stem material plant tissue culture, fungi and lichen using one or more of the following methods—polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction.Two methods are presented here for qualitatively estimating calcium oxalate in dried or fixed tobacco (Nicotiana) leaf from different stalk positions using PLM. SEM, coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (EDS), and powder x-ray diffraction were used to verify that the crystals observed in the dried leaf with PLM were calcium oxalate.

Sem and X-Ray Analysis of Renal and Biliary Calculi

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 306-307
Author(s):  
R. J. Narconis ◽  
G. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Natural State ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Additional Dimension ◽  
Biliary Calculi ◽  
Calculus Formation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Analysis of the constituents of renal and biliary calculi may be of help in the management of patients with calculous disease. Several methods of analysis are available for identifying these constituents. Most common are chemical methods, optical crystallography, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. The application of a SEM with x-ray analysis capabilities should be considered as an additional alternative.A scanning electron microscope equipped with an x-ray “mapping” attachment offers an additional dimension in its ability to locate elemental constituents geographically, and thus, provide a clue in determination of possible metabolic etiology in calculus formation. The ability of this method to give an undisturbed view of adjacent layers of elements in their natural state is of advantage in determining the sequence of formation of subsequent layers of chemical constituents.

Environmental scanning electron microscopy of fresh human gallstones reveals new morphologies of precipitated calcium salts

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1322-1323
Author(s):  
Howard S. Kaufman ◽  
Keith D. Lillemoe ◽  
John T. Mastovich ◽  
Henry A. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Cholesterol Gallstones ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ca Carbonate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Gallstones contain precipitated cholesterol, calcium salts, and proteins. Calcium (Ca) bilirubinate, palmitate, phosphate, and carbonate occurring in gallstones have variable morphologies but characteristic windowless energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra. Previous studies of gallstone microstructure and composition using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX have been limited to dehydrated samples. In this state, Ca bilirubinates appear as either glassy masses, which predominate in black pigment stones, or as clusters, which are found mostly in cholesterol gallstones. The three polymorphs of Ca carbonate, calcite, vaterite, and aragonite, have been identified in gallstones by x-ray diffraction, however; the morphologies of these crystals vary in the literature. The purpose of this experiment was to study fresh gallstones by environmental SEM (ESEM) to determine if dehydration affects gallstone Ca salt morphology.Gallstones and bile were obtained fresh at cholecystectomy from 6 patients. To prevent dehydration, stones were stored in bile at 37°C. All samples were studied within 4 days of procurement.

TEM studies of solid-state reactions in sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 1020-1021
Author(s):  
F. Ma ◽  
S. Vivekanand ◽  
K. Barmak ◽  
C. Michaelsen
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Stoichiometric Composition ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
Multilayer Thin Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sputter Deposited

Solid state reactions in sputter-deposited Nb/Al multilayer thin films have been studied by transmission and analytical electron microscopy (TEM/AEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The Nb/Al multilayer thin films for TEM studies were sputter-deposited on (1102)sapphire substrates. The periodicity of the films is in the range 10-500 nm. The overall composition of the films are 1/3, 2/1, and 3/1 Nb/Al, corresponding to the stoichiometric composition of the three intermetallic phases in this system.Figure 1 is a TEM micrograph of an as-deposited film with periodicity A = dA1 + dNb = 72 nm, where d's are layer thicknesses. The polycrystalline nature of the Al and Nb layers with their columnar grain structure is evident in the figure. Both Nb and Al layers exhibit crystallographic texture, with the electron diffraction pattern for this film showing stronger diffraction spots in the direction normal to the multilayer. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all films are dominated by the Al(l 11) and Nb(l 10) peaks and show a merging of these two peaks with decreasing periodicity.

Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 synthesized by anodization and anodic spark deposition

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (61) ◽  
pp. 3141-3152
Author(s):  
Alma C. Chávez-Mejía ◽  
Génesis Villegas-Suárez ◽  
Paloma I. Zaragoza-Sánchez ◽  
Rafael Magaña-López ◽  
Julio C. Morales-Mejía ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Amorphous Solids ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Anodic Spark Oxidation ◽  
Porous Surfaces ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractSeveral photocatalysts, based on titanium dioxide, were synthesized by spark anodization techniques and anodic spark oxidation. Photocatalytic activity was determined by methylene blue oxidation and the catalytic activities of the catalysts were evaluated after 70 hours of reaction. Scanning Electron Microscopy and X Ray Diffraction analysis were used to characterize the catalysts. The photocatalyst prepared with a solution of sulfuric acid and 100 V presented the best performance in terms of oxidation of the dye (62%). The electric potential during the synthesis (10 V, low potential; 100 V, high potential) affected the surface characteristics: under low potential, catalyst presented smooth and homogeneous surfaces with spots (high TiO2 concentration) of amorphous solids; under low potential, catalyst presented porous surfaces with crystalline solids homogeneously distributed.

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