scholarly journals Deep Learning for Fake News Detection in a Pairwise Textual Input Schema

Computation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Despoina Mouratidis ◽  
Maria Nefeli Nikiforos ◽  
Katia Lida Kermanidis
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Neural Network Learning ◽  
Text Input ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Accuracy Performance

In the past decade, the rapid spread of large volumes of online information among an increasing number of social network users is observed. It is a phenomenon that has often been exploited by malicious users and entities, which forge, distribute, and reproduce fake news and propaganda. In this paper, we present a novel approach to the automatic detection of fake news on Twitter that involves (a) pairwise text input, (b) a novel deep neural network learning architecture that allows for flexible input fusion at various network layers, and (c) various input modes, like word embeddings and both linguistic and network account features. Furthermore, tweets are innovatively separated into news headers and news text, and an extensive experimental setup performs classification tests using both. Our main results show high overall accuracy performance in fake news detection. The proposed deep learning architecture outperforms the state-of-the-art classifiers, while using fewer features and embeddings from the tweet text.

Fake news detection using deep learning models: A novel approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Rohan Asthana ◽  
Shashwat Upadhyay ◽  
Nidhi Upreti ◽  
Mohammad Akbar
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Novel Approach

scholarly journals Analysis of Text Feature Extractors using Deep Learning on Fake News

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 7001-7005
Author(s):  
B. Ahmed ◽  
G. Ali ◽  
A. Hussain ◽  
A. Baseer ◽  
J. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Text Feature ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Multiple Metrics ◽  
Deep Learning Model

Social media and easy internet access have allowed the instant sharing of news, ideas, and information on a global scale. However, rapid spread and instant access to information/news can also enable rumors or fake news to spread very easily and rapidly. In order to monitor and minimize the spread of fake news in the digital community, fake news detection using Natural Language Processing (NLP) has attracted significant attention. In NLP, different text feature extractors and word embeddings are used to process the text data. The aim of this paper is to analyze the performance of a fake news detection model based on neural networks using 3 feature extractors: TD-IDF vectorizer, Glove embeddings, and BERT embeddings. For the evaluation, multiple metrics, namely accuracy, precision, F1, recall, AUC ROC, and AUC PR were computed for each feature extractor. All the transformation techniques were fed to the deep learning model. It was found that BERT embeddings for text transformation delivered the best performance. TD-IDF has been performed far better than Glove and competed the BERT as well at some stages.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Detection of Fake News using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 3062-3066
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Online media for news consumption has doubtful advantages. From one perspective, it has minimal expense, simple access, and fast dispersal of data which leads individuals to search out and devour news from online media. On the other hand, it increases the wide spread of "counterfeit news", i.e., inferior quality news with purposefully bogus data. The broad spread of fake news contrarily affects people and society. Hence, fake news detection in social media has become an emerging research topic that is drawing attention from various researchers. In past, many creators proposed the utilization of text mining procedures and AI strategies to examine textual data and helps to foresee the believability of news. With more computational capacities and to deal with enormous datasets, deep learning models present a better presentation over customary text mining strategies and AI methods. Normally deep learning model, for example, LSTM model can identify complex patterns in the data. Long short term memory is a tree organized recurrent neural network (RNN) used to examine variable length sequential information. In our proposed framework we set up a fake news identification model dependent on LSTM neural network. Openly accessible unstructured news datasets are utilized to evaluate the exhibition of the model. The outcome shows the prevalence and exactness of LSTM model over the customary techniques specifically CNN for fake news recognition.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Transient Image Reconstruction from ToF Data

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1962
Author(s):  
Enrico Buratto ◽  
Adriano Simonetto ◽  
Gianluca Agresti ◽  
Henrik Schäfer ◽  
Pietro Zanuttigh
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Depth Image ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Noisy Input ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Incoming Light

In this work, we propose a novel approach for correcting multi-path interference (MPI) in Time-of-Flight (ToF) cameras by estimating the direct and global components of the incoming light. MPI is an error source linked to the multiple reflections of light inside a scene; each sensor pixel receives information coming from different light paths which generally leads to an overestimation of the depth. We introduce a novel deep learning approach, which estimates the structure of the time-dependent scene impulse response and from it recovers a depth image with a reduced amount of MPI. The model consists of two main blocks: a predictive model that learns a compact encoded representation of the backscattering vector from the noisy input data and a fixed backscattering model which translates the encoded representation into the high dimensional light response. Experimental results on real data show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, which reaches state-of-the-art performances.

Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Four Realms of Discussion: Summary of Remarks

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Jootaek Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Human Reasoning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Choices ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Intensive Procedures

The term, Artificial Intelligence (AI), has changed since it was first coined by John MacCarthy in 1956. AI, believed to have been created with Kurt Gödel's unprovable computational statements in 1931, is now called deep learning or machine learning. AI is defined as a computer machine with the ability to make predictions about the future and solve complex tasks, using algorithms. The AI algorithms are enhanced and become effective with big data capturing the present and the past while still necessarily reflecting human biases into models and equations. AI is also capable of making choices like humans, mirroring human reasoning. AI can help robots to efficiently repeat the same labor intensive procedures in factories and can analyze historic and present data efficiently through deep learning, natural language processing, and anomaly detection. Thus, AI covers a spectrum of augmented intelligence relating to prediction, autonomous intelligence relating to decision making, automated intelligence for labor robots, and assisted intelligence for data analysis.

Extraordinary circumstances: Covid-19 – Italian Serie A scenario

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712110192
Author(s):  
Milan Radojicic ◽  
Aleksandar Djokovic ◽  
Nikola Cvetkovic
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Round Robin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Round Robin Tournaments

Unpredictable and uncontrollable situations have happened throughout history. Inevitably, such situations have an impact on various spheres of life. The coronavirus disease 2019 has affected many of them, including sports. The ban on social gatherings has caused the cancellation of many sports competitions. This paper proposes a methodology based on hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) that can be applied when a need occurs to end an interrupted tournament and the conditions for playing the remaining matches are far from ideal. The proposed methodology is based on how to conclude the season for Serie A, a top-division football league in Italy. The analysis showed that it is reasonable to play 14 instead of the 124 remaining matches of the 2019–2020 season to conclude the championship. The proposed methodology was tested on the past 10 seasons of the Serie A, and its effectiveness was confirmed. This novel approach can be used in any other sport where round-robin tournaments exist.

scholarly journals Deep-Emotion: Facial Expression Recognition Using Attentional Convolutional Network

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3046
Author(s):  
Shervin Minaee ◽  
Mehdi Minaei ◽  
Amirali Abdolrashidi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Facial Expression Recognition ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Visualization Technique ◽  
Convolutional Network ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Datasets ◽  
The Face ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Facial expression recognition has been an active area of research over the past few decades, and it is still challenging due to the high intra-class variation. Traditional approaches for this problem rely on hand-crafted features such as SIFT, HOG, and LBP, followed by a classifier trained on a database of images or videos. Most of these works perform reasonably well on datasets of images captured in a controlled condition but fail to perform as well on more challenging datasets with more image variation and partial faces. In recent years, several works proposed an end-to-end framework for facial expression recognition using deep learning models. Despite the better performance of these works, there are still much room for improvement. In this work, we propose a deep learning approach based on attentional convolutional network that is able to focus on important parts of the face and achieves significant improvement over previous models on multiple datasets, including FER-2013, CK+, FERG, and JAFFE. We also use a visualization technique that is able to find important facial regions to detect different emotions based on the classifier’s output. Through experimental results, we show that different emotions are sensitive to different parts of the face.

scholarly journals Explaining Neural Networks Using Attentive Knowledge Distillation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1280
Author(s):  
Hyeonseok Lee ◽  
Sungchan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Learning Capability ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Network Layers ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Knowledge Distillation

Explaining the prediction of deep neural networks makes the networks more understandable and trusted, leading to their use in various mission critical tasks. Recent progress in the learning capability of networks has primarily been due to the enormous number of model parameters, so that it is usually hard to interpret their operations, as opposed to classical white-box models. For this purpose, generating saliency maps is a popular approach to identify the important input features used for the model prediction. Existing explanation methods typically only use the output of the last convolution layer of the model to generate a saliency map, lacking the information included in intermediate layers. Thus, the corresponding explanations are coarse and result in limited accuracy. Although the accuracy can be improved by iteratively developing a saliency map, this is too time-consuming and is thus impractical. To address these problems, we proposed a novel approach to explain the model prediction by developing an attentive surrogate network using the knowledge distillation. The surrogate network aims to generate a fine-grained saliency map corresponding to the model prediction using meaningful regional information presented over all network layers. Experiments demonstrated that the saliency maps are the result of spatially attentive features learned from the distillation. Thus, they are useful for fine-grained classification tasks. Moreover, the proposed method runs at the rate of 24.3 frames per second, which is much faster than the existing methods by orders of magnitude.

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