scholarly journals How Microanalysis Can Be Discriminant on Black Pompeian Wares

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 879
Author(s):  
Laura Medeghini ◽  
Silvano Mignardi ◽  
Giorgia Di Fusco ◽  
Michela Botticelli ◽  
Fulvio Coletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Specific Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present work the advantages of punctual approaches are discussed in the discrimination of black wares from the Sanctuary of Venus Fisica (Pompeii, Italy), dated between the 2nd and 1st century BC. Black-gloss ware and "bucchero" samples are analyzed by a multi-analytical approach including optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) to investigate the mineralogical and petrographic features of these artefacts. Grain size, firing conditions and potter’s expertise influenced the final appearance of the superficial decorative black layer. In addition, punctual chemical analysis was fundamental to verify the archaeological indication of specific production sites.

scholarly journals Aqua Traiana, a Roman Infrastructure Embedded in the Present: The Mineralogical Perspective

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Michela Botticelli ◽  
Laura Calzolari ◽  
Caterina De Vito ◽  
Silvano Mignardi ◽  
Laura Medeghini
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Petrographic Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Construction materials from the internal ducts of Aqua Traiana, a still operative Roman aqueduct built in 109 AD to supply water to Rome, were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). Petrographic analysis and XRPD revealed that mortar aggregates are compatible with Vitruvius’ harena fossicia and allowed the distinction of the original mortars from those of the 17th-century papal restoration. The first showed an amorphous binder while the latter have a typical lime binder. By SEM-EDS and EMPA, the microstructure of mortar aggregates was analyzed and the composition of specific minerals quantified. Microanalysis testifies the Romans’ great expertise in the selection of pozzolanic building materials, giving evidence of the possible use of local tuffs from the Sabatini Volcanic District. It also confirms the exploitation of red pozzolan from the Roman Magmatic Province, specifically from the Alban Hills district. OM also proves a high compatibility with local supplies for bricks and cocciopesto. Of these, the first were fired at moderately low temperature, while the latter show an amorphous binder as in the original Trajan mortars. All building materials thus stand for similar technological choices and a coeval production.

Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Microprobe Analysis of Malignant Cell Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 164-165
Author(s):  
R. I. Johnsson-Hegyeli ◽  
A. F. Hegyeli ◽  
D. K. Landstrom ◽  
W. C. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Interference Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Last year we reported on the use of reflected light interference microscopy (RLIM) for the direct color photography of the surfaces of living normal and malignant cell cultures without the use of replicas, fixatives, or stains. The surface topography of living cells was found to follow underlying cellular structures such as nuceloli, nuclear membranes, and cytoplasmic organelles, making possible the study of their three-dimensional relationships in time. The technique makes possible the direct examination of cells grown on opaque as well as transparent surfaces. The successful in situ electron microprobe analysis of the elemental composition and distribution within single tissue culture cells was also reported.This paper deals with the parallel and combined use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the two previous techniques in a study of living and fixed cancer cells. All three studies can be carried out consecutively on the same experimental specimens without disturbing the cells or their structural relationships to each other and the surface on which they are grown. KB carcinoma cells were grown on glass coverslips in closed Leighto tubes as previously described. The cultures were photographed alive by means of RLIM, then fixed with a fixative modified from Sabatini, et al (1963).

The Synthesis of Cu0.81Ni0.19 Intermetallics by Mechanical Alloying

2012 ◽  
Vol 496 ◽  
pp. 379-382
Author(s):  
Rui Song Yang ◽  
Ming Tian Li ◽  
Chun Hai Liu ◽  
Xue Jun Cui ◽  
Yong Zhong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Elemental Powder ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scherrer Equation ◽  
Scanning Electron

The Cu0.81Ni0.19 has been synthesized directly from elemental powder of nickel and copper by mechanical alloying. The alloyed Cu0.81Ni0.19 alloy powders are prepared by milling of 8h. The grain size calculated by Scherrer equation of the NiCu alloy decreased with the increasing of milling time. The end-product was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Light Burning Condition of Preparing Dolomite Clinker Using Natural Dolomite

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
Wang Nian Zhang ◽  
Xi Tang Wang ◽  
Zhou Fu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Burning Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Scanning Electron

The influence of the light burning temperature on the sintering property of nature dolomite has been investigated by two-step sintering process in the temperature range 1500 °C to 1600 °C. The resulting bulk densities and apparent porosities of the sintered dolomite samples were examined, and analyzing the sintered dolomite by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed. The results showed light burned at 850 °C for 3 h, the main phases of the dolomite with 3-5 grain size were MgO, CaO and little CaCO3, and then fired at 1600 °C,the density of sintering dolomite reached to 3.38 g/cm3, the apparent property was 1.2 %, the size of MgO grain up to 3.75 μm . However when dolomite light burned at 1050 °C for 3 h, the main phases were MgO and CaO, and then fired at 1600 °C,the density of sintering dolomite only was 3.30 g/cm3, the apparent property was 2.3 %, the size of MgO only was 3.05 μm .

Microscopy and Microanalysis of Blood in a Snake Head Fish, Channa gachua Exposed to Environmental Pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Pala ◽  
Sudip Dey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractConventional and highly sophisticated analytical methods (Cyria et al., 1989; Massar et al., 2012a) were used to analyze micro-structural and micro-analytical aspects of the blood of snake head fish, Channa gachua, exposed to municipal wastes and city garbage. Red (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts and hemhemoglobin content were found to be higher in pollution affected fish as compared with control. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the occurrence of abnormal erythrocytes such as crenated cells, echinocytes, lobopodial projections, membrane internalization, spherocytes, ruptured cells, contracted cells, depression, and uneven elongation of erythrocyte membranes in fish inhabiting the polluted sites. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the presence of silicon and lead in the RBCs of pollution affected fish. Significance of the study includes the highly sophisticated analytical approach, which revealed the aforementioned micro-structural abnormalities.

The Effects of Al-Ca Compounds on Grain Refinement of Mg-Ca Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Tao Xiong ◽  
Fu Sheng Pan ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Xiao Ke Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Refinement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Compound ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Main Factor

In the present work, Al-Ca metallic compound was prepared in Mg-Ca alloys and the effects of Al-Ca metallic compound and different Al/Ca values on the grain refinement of Mg-Ca alloys were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, and the mechanism of grain refinement of Mg-Ca alloys was discussed. The results showed that the grain size of Mg-0.5Ca alloy was obviously reduced from 550μm to 230μm due to the addition of Al. Al2Ca phase existed in these alloys and its morphology evolved from granular to rod-like. It is regarded as the main factor for the grain refinement.

scholarly journals Efflorescent Sulfate Crystallization on Fractured and Polished Colloform Pyrite Surfaces: A Migration Pathway of Trace Elements

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Dimitrina Dimitrova ◽  
Vassilka Mladenova ◽  
Lutz Hecht
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Migration Pathway ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Scanning Electron

The colloform pyrite variety incorporates many trace elements that are released in the environment during rapid oxidation. Colloform pyrite from the Chiprovtsi silver–lead deposit in Bulgaria and its oxidation efflorescent products were studied using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Pyrite is enriched with (in ppm): Co (0.1–964), Ni (1.8–3858), Cu (2.9–3188), Zn (3.1–77), Ag (1.2–1771), As (8179–52,787), Se (2.7–21.7), Sb (48–17792), Hg (4–2854), Tl (1.7–2336), Pb (13–7072), and Au (0.07–2.77). Gypsum, anhydrite, szomolnokite, halotrichite, römerite, copiapite, aluminocopiapite, magnesiocopiapite, coquimbite, aluminocoquimbite, voltaite, and ammoniomagnesiovoltaite were identified in the efflorescent sulfate assemblage. Sulfate minerals contain not only inherited elements from pyrite (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, In, As, Sb, Hg, Tl, and Pb), but also newly introduced elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Sn, Cs, Ba, REE, U, and Th). Voltaite group minerals, copiapite, magnesiocopiapite, and römerite incorporate most of the trace elements, especially the most hazardous As, Sb, Hg, and Tl. Colloform pyrite occurrence in the Chiprovtsi deposit is limited. Its association with marbles would further restrict the oxidation and release of hazardous elements into the environment.

Grain Size Effect on Lattice of Ni Nanocrystals Prepared Through Polyol Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4127-4131 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Okram ◽  
Kh. Namrata Devi ◽  
H. Sanatombi ◽  
Ajay Soni ◽  
V. Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Polyol Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

Nanocrystalline nickel powders were prepared with grain size 'd' in the range 40–100 nm diameters through polyol method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for characterization. XRD of the prepared samples consistently matched with standard fcc structure of nickel without any impurity peak. Detailed analysis and calculations using Scherrer equation for (111) peak revealed systematic increase in line width and peak shifting towards lower diffraction 2θ angles with decrease in nickel to ethylene glycol mole ratio. Different values of d estimated from various peaks of each sample suggested associated microstrains in the nanograins. Values of d estimated from X-ray diffraction patterns were compared with those obtained from atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy results, and discussed. Observed lattice expansion is explained, on the basis of a theoretical model of linear elasticity.

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