scholarly journals The Biogeography of Great Salt Lake Halophilic Archaea: Testing the Hypothesis of Avian Mechanical Carriers

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bex Kemp ◽  
Erin Tabish ◽  
Adam Wolford ◽  
Daniel Jones ◽  
Jaimi Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Bird Migration ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Great Salt Lake ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Jet Stream ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Geographical Locations

Halophilic archaea inhabit hypersaline ecosystems globally, and genetically similar strains have been found in locales that are geographically isolated from one another. We sought to test the hypothesis that small salt crystals harboring halophilic archaea could be carried on bird feathers and that bird migration is a driving force of these distributions. In this study, we discovered that the American White Pelicans (AWPE) at Great Salt Lake soak in the hypersaline brine and accumulate salt crystals (halite) on their feathers. We cultured halophilic archaea from AWPE feathers and halite crystals. The microorganisms isolated from the lakeshore crystals were restricted to two genera: Halorubrum and Haloarcula, however, archaea from the feathers were strictly Haloarcula. We compared partial DNA sequence of the 16S rRNA gene from our cultivars with that of similar strains in the GenBank database. To understand the biogeography of genetically similar halophilic archaea, we studied the geographical locations of the sampling sites of the closest-matched species. An analysis of the environmental factors of each site pointed to salinity as the most important factor for selection. The geography of the sites was consistent with the location of the sub-tropical jet stream where birds typically migrate, supporting the avian dispersal hypothesis.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Diversities and Community Structure of Members of the Extremely Halophilic Archaea (Order Halobacteriales) in Multiple Saline Sediment Habitats

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1332-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha H. Youssef ◽  
Kristen N. Ashlock-Savage ◽  
Mostafa S. Elshahed
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Great Salt Lake ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Rare Biosphere

ABSTRACTWe investigated the phylogenetic diversity and community structure of members of the halophilicArchaea(orderHalobacteriales) in five distinct sediment habitats that experience various levels of salinity and salinity fluctuations (sediments from Great Salt Plains and Zodletone Spring in Oklahoma, mangrove tree sediments in Puerto Rico, sediment underneath salt heaps in a salt-processing plant, and sediments from the Great Salt Lake northern arm) usingHalobacteriales-specific 16S rRNA gene primers. Extremely diverseHalobacterialescommunities were encountered in all habitats, with 27 (Zodletone) to 37 (mangrove) different genera identified per sample, out of the currently described 38Halobacterialesgenera. With the exception of Zodletone Spring, where the prevalent geochemical conditions are extremely inhospitable toHalobacterialessurvival, habitats with fluctuating salinity levels were more diverse than permanently saline habitats. Sequences affiliated with the recently described generaHalogranum,Halolamina,Haloplanus,Halosarcina, andHalorientalis, in addition to the generaHalorubrum,Haloferax, andHalobacterium, were among the most abundant and ubiquitous genera, suggesting a wide distribution of these poorly studied genera in saline sediments. TheHalobacterialessediment communities analyzed in this study were more diverse than and completely distinct from communities from typical hypersaline water bodies. Finally, sequences unaffiliated with currently described genera represented a small fraction of the totalHalobacterialescommunities, ranging between 2.5% (Zodletone) to 7.0% (mangrove and Great Salt Lake). However, these novel sequences were characterized by remarkably high levels of alpha and beta diversities, suggesting the presence of an enormous, yet-untapped supply of novelHalobacterialesgenera within the rare biosphere of various saline ecosystems.

Halobellus inordinatus sp. nov., from a marine solar saltern and an inland salt lake of China

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_11) ◽  
pp. 3975-3980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Xing Qiu ◽  
Yun-Zhuang Mou ◽  
Mei-Lin Zhao ◽  
Wen-Jiao Zhang ◽  
Dong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Solar Saltern ◽  
Marine Solar Saltern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Two halophilic archaeal strains, YC20T and XD15, were isolated from a marine solar saltern and an inland salt lake in China. Both had pleomorphic cells that lysed in distilled water, stained Gram-negative and formed red-pigmented colonies. They were neutrophilic, requiring at least 100 g NaCl l−1 and 0.5–95 g MgCl2 l−1 for growth at the optimum growth temperature of 37 °C. The major polar lipids of the two strains were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS) and two major glycolipids chromatographically identical to sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1) and mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD-1), respectively. Trace amounts of two unidentified glycolipids were also detected. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the two strains were 99.5 % identical and showed 94.0–95.9 % similarity to the most closely related members of the genus Halobellus of the family Halobacteriaceae . The rpoB′ gene sequence similarity between strains YC20T and XD15 was 98.2 % and these sequences showed 89.6–92.8 % similarity to those of the most closely related members of the genus Halobellus . The DNA G+C contents of strains YC20T and XD15 were 65.8 mol% and 65.4 mol%, respectively. The DNA–DNA hybridization value between strain YC20T and strain XD15 was 92 %, and the two strains showed low DNA–DNA relatedness to members of the genus Halobellus . The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strains YC20T and XD15 represent a novel species of the genus Halobellus , for which the name Halobellus inordinatus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC20T ( = CGMCC 1.12120T = JCM 18361T) and the other strain is XD15 ( = CGMCC 1.12236 = JCM 18648).

Haloterrigena saccharevitans sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from Xin-Jiang, China

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2539-2542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Xu ◽  
Shuang-Jiang Liu ◽  
Dilbar Tohty ◽  
Aharon Oren ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Haloterrigena Turkmenica

A novel extremely halophilic strain, isolated from Aibi salt lake, Xin-Jiang, China, was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. This strain, designated AB14T, is neutrophilic, motile and requires at least 10 % (w/v) NaCl for growth. Strain AB14T grows at 24–58 °C, with optimal growth at 42–45 °C. Mg2+ is not required, but growth is observed in MgCl2 concentrations as high as 1·0 M. Strain AB14T possesses the diphytanyl (C20C20) and phytanyl-sesterterpanyl diether (C20C25) derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and mannose-2,6 disulfate 1→2 glucose-glycerol diether. The genomic DNA G+C content is 66·6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of strain AB14T with its nearest phylogenetic neighbours (Haloterrigena thermotolerans and Haloterrigena turkmenica) are 98·6 and 96·0 %, respectively. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed 54 % relatedness between strain AB14T and Haloterrigena thermotolerans JCM 11050T and 21 % between strain AB14T and Haloterrigena turkmenica JCM 9101T. It is therefore proposed that strain AB14T represents a novel species, for which the name Haloterrigena saccharevitans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AB14T (=AS 1.3730T=JCM 12889T).

scholarly journals Streptomyces sodiiphilus sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic actinomycete

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jun Li ◽  
Yong-Guang Zhang ◽  
Yu-Qin Zhang ◽  
Shu-Kun Tang ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Gene Sequence Analysis ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Actinomycete Strain ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

An alkaliphilic actinomycete, strain YIM 80305T, which was isolated from a muddy sample in Chaka salt lake, Qinghai Province of China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The isolate produced light-yellow substrate and yellow–white aerial mycelia on most tested media. Optimum pH for growth was 9·0–10·0 with scant growth at pH 7·0. Results showed that strain YIM 80305T was obligately Na+-dependent, and showed sensitivity to K+. The DNA G+C content was 70·5 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis together with these characteristics consistently assigned strain YIM 80305T to the genus Streptomyces. It formed a distinct clade based on analyses of the almost-complete and 120-nucleotide variable γ region of the 16S rRNA gene. It could be differentiated by phenotypic and genotypic analysis from all the Streptomyces species whose names have been validly published. On the basis of polyphasic evidence, Streptomyces sodiiphilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 80305T (=CCTCC AA 203015T=CIP 107975T).

scholarly journals Haloarchaeobius iranensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a saline lake

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_5) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Makhdoumi-Kakhki ◽  
M. A. Amoozegar ◽  
M. Bagheri ◽  
M. Ramezani ◽  
A. Ventosa
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Brine Sample ◽  
The Family ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Strain EB21T was isolated from a brine sample from Aran-Bidgol salt lake, a saline playa in Iran. Strain EB21T was an orange–red-pigmented, motile rod and required at least 2 M NaCl but not MgCl2 for growth. Optimal growth was achieved at 3.5 M NaCl and 0.2 M MgCl2. The optimum pH and temperature for growth were pH 7.5 and 40 °C, while it was able to grow at pH 6.0–8.0 and 25–55 °C. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain EB21T is a member of the family Halobacteriaceae , showing low levels of similarity to other members of the family. The highest sequence similarities, 91.8, 91.7 and 91.5 %, were obtained with the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the type strains of Halobiforma lacisalsi , Haloterrigena thermotolerans and Halalkalicoccus tibetensis , respectively. Polar lipid analyses revealed that strain EB21T contains phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and phosphatidylglycerol sulfate. Three unidentified glycolipids and one minor phospholipid were also observed. The only quinone present was MK-8(II-H2). The G+C content of its DNA was 67.7 mol%. On the basis of the data obtained, the new isolate could not be classified in any recognized genus. Strain EB21T is thus considered to represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae , order Halobacteriales , for which the name Haloarchaeobius iranensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Haloarchaeobius iranensis is EB21T ( = IBRC-M 10013T  = KCTC 4048T).

scholarly journals Halobiforma lacisalsi sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake in China

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1949-1952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Xu ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Pei-Jin Zhou ◽  
Shuang-Jiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A Gram-negative, motile, neutrophilic and extremely halophilic strain, AJ5T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang, China, and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic study. The major polar lipids of the isolate were C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 64·9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain AJ5T clustered with members of the genus Halobiforma, exhibiting high sequence similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Halobiforma nitratireducens (96·3 %) and Halobiforma haloterrestris (99·0 %). Comparative analysis of phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA hybridization between strain AJ5T and Halobiforma species supported the conclusion that AJ5T represents a novel species within this genus, for which the name Halobiforma lacisalsi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AJ5T (=CGMCC 1.3738T=JCM 12983T).

Halopelagius fulvigenes sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a lake

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_6) ◽  
pp. 2192-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Bing Liu ◽  
Shu-Kun Tang ◽  
Heng-Lin Cui ◽  
Yong-Guang Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Taxonomic Characterization ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Two extremely halophilic archaea, designated YIM 94188T and YIM 94189, were isolated from Qijiaojing lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China and subjected to taxonomic characterization using a polyphasic approach. The cells of the two strains were coccoid, non-motile and Gram-stain-negative. Colonies were pink–white-pigmented and aerobic. Growth occurred at 10–30 % (w/v) NaCl, 20–55 °C and pH 6.0–8.0 (optimum: 20–25 % NaCl, 37–42 °C, pH 6.5–7.0). Magnesium was necessary for growth in the range of 0.2–1.2 M. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the two strains belonged to the genus Halopelagius showing 98.5 % sequence similarity to the closest phylogenetic neighbour, Halopelagius inordinatus RO5-2T. In addition, the DNA–DNA hybridization values of strains YIM 94188T and YIM 94189 to Halopelagius inordinatus RO5-2T were 35.7 % and 37.7 %, respectively. Polar lipid analyses revealed that the two strains contained phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP-Me), sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S-DGD-1) and mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD-1). The DNA G+C contents of strains YIM 94188T and YIM 94189 were 66.3 mol% and 64.6 mol%, respectively. On the basis of physiological and chemotaxonomic data, and phylogenetic analysis, strains YIM 94188T and YIM 94189 were classified as representing a novel species in the genus Halopelagius . The name Halopelagius fulvigenes sp. nov. is proposed, with YIM 94188T ( = CCTCC AB 2010456T = JCM 17506T) as the type strain.

Halorubrum lipolyticum sp. nov. and Halorubrum aidingense sp. nov., isolated from two salt lakes in Xin-Jiang, China

2006 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631-1634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Lin Cui ◽  
Dilbr Tohty ◽  
Pei-Jin Zhou ◽  
Shuang-Jiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Dna Relatedness ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaea

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains 9-3T and 31-hongT, were isolated from Aibi salt lake and Aiding salt lake in Xin-Jiang, China. Their morphology, physiology, biochemical features, polar lipid compositions and 16S rRNA gene sequences were characterized in order to elucidate their taxonomic status. The results from this study indicated that strains 9-3T and 31-hongT are members of the genus Halorubrum. Their physiological properties and polar lipid compositions are clearly different from those of the currently described species of Halorubrum. DNA–DNA relatedness values for strain 9-3T with respect to its closely related neighbours Halorubrum saccharovorum JCM 8865T and Halorubrum lacusprofundi JCM 8891T were 51.6 and 25.1 %, respectively, DNA–DNA relatedness values for strain 31-hongT with respect to its closely related neighbours Hrr. saccharovorum JCM 8865T and Hrr. lacusprofundi JCM 8891T were 29.4 and 44.9 %, respectively, and DNA–DNA relatedness between strains 9-3T and 31-hongT was 54 %. Thus, two novel species of the genus Halorubrum are proposed, Halorubrum lipolyticum sp. nov. (type strain 9-3T=CGMCC 1.5332T=JCM 13559T) and Halorubrum aidingense sp. nov. (type strain 31-hongT=CGMCC 1.2670T=JCM 13560T).

scholarly journals Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine solar saltern

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Lin Cui ◽  
Xia Gao ◽  
Fang-Fang Sun ◽  
Ying Dong ◽  
Xue-Wei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Solar Saltern ◽  
Marine Solar Saltern ◽  
The Family ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaea ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Chinese Marine

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains RO2-11T and HO2-1, were isolated from two Chinese marine solar salterns, Rudong solar saltern and Haimen solar saltern, respectively. Cells of the two strains were polymorphic and Gram-stain-negative; colonies were red-pigmented. The two strains grew at NaCl concentrations of 2.6–4.3 M (optimum 3.9 M) and required at least 0.1 M Mg2+ for growth. They were able to grow over a pH range of 6.0–8.0 and a temperature range of 20–50 °C, with optimal pH of 7.5 and optimal temperature of 37 °C. The major polar lipids of strain RO2-11T and strain HO2-1 were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and three glycolipids, two of them chromatographically identical to S-DGD-1 and DGD-1, the third unidentified. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain RO2-11T and strain HO2-1 was 99.3 % and highest sequence similarity with the closest relative (Haloferax larsenii) was 91.4 %. Based on the data obtained, the two isolates could not be classified in any recognized genus of the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain RO2-11T and strain HO2-1 are thus considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RO2-11T (=CGMCC 1.7738T =JCM 15772T).

scholarly journals Haloferax prahovense sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a Romanian salt lake

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalin Enache ◽  
Takashi Itoh ◽  
Masahiro Kamekura ◽  
Gabriela Teodosiu ◽  
Lucia Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Salt Lake ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Hypersaline Environment ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Phenotypic Properties ◽  
Extremely Halophilic Archaeon ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

A novel halophilic archaeon, strain TL6T, was isolated from Telega Lake, a hypersaline environment in Prahova county, Romania. Strain TL6T was able to grow in media with a salt concentration of between 2.5 and 5.2 M, with optimum growth at a concentration of 3.5 M. The novel strain was able to grow at concentrations of 1 M MgCl2 or less, with an optimum of 0.4 M Mg2+. Growth of the novel strain occurred between pH 6.0 and 8.5, with an optimum of pH 7.0–7.5. The G+C content of the total DNA was 63.7 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain was most closely related to species of the genus Haloferax (97.3–99.3 % sequence similarity). The lipid profile of the novel strain corresponded to that of other species belonging to the genus Haloferax. A comparative analysis of the phenotypic properties and DNA–DNA hybridization between the novel strain and other species of the genus Haloferax strongly supported the conclusion that strain TL6T represents a novel species within this genus, for which the name Haloferax prahovense sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is TL6T (=JCM 13924T=DSM 18310T).

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