scholarly journals Lipid and Fatty Acids Accumulation Features of Entomoneis cf. paludosa during Exponential and Stationary Growth Phases in Laboratory Culture

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Yekaterina Bedoshvili ◽  
Yulia Podunay ◽  
Alyona Nikonova ◽  
Artyom Marchenkov ◽  
Elvira Bairamova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Culture Growth

Diatoms are capable of accumulating substantial amounts of triacylglycerides in their cells, which differ in the composition of fatty acids depending on the conditions of cultivation, making them attractive subjects in biotechnology. In the present study, we characterized the structural features of lipid bodies in the diatom Entomoneis cf. paludosa (W. Smith) Reimer strain 8.0727-B and revealed the peculiarities of fatty acid composition in cultures during the stationary and exponential growth phases. Laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed an increased number of lipid bodies in the cytoplasm during the stationary phase of culture growth. Electron microscopy of ultrathin sections showed that an extreme increase in the number and size of plastoglobules in the cells occurs in the stationary phase of culture growth. The gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection method revealed differences in the fatty acid composition depending on the growth phase. The studied strain can be recommended as a source of hexadecanoic and octadecanoic fatty acids from the culture during the stationary growth phase, as well as eicosapentaenoic fatty acid from the culture during the exponential growth phase.

The Lipid Composition of the Coccolithophore Emiliania Huxleyi and Its Possible Ecophysiological Significance

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Pond ◽  
R.P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Emiliania Huxleyi ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
South African Isolate ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The lipid class and fatty acid composition of eight geographically disperse isolates of Emiliania huxleyi, grown under 12 h L:D cycles and harvested during logarithmic and stationary growth phases, were examined. Cell size and chlorophyll content tended to decrease from logarithmic to stationary growth phase, Methyl and ethyl ketones were the dominant lipid classes, although proportions exhibited no clear pattern either between strains or growth phases. Neutral lipid hardly accumulated over the course of the growth experiments, and triacylglycerol was either absent or only present at low levels. In all strains with the exception of a South African isolate, levels of total fatty acid per cell decreased markedly between logarithmic and stationary phases, primarily attributable to reductions in the levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Major fatty acids in all strains during both growth phases were 14:0,16:0,18:1 (n-9), 18:4 (n-3), 18:5 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3). Although all strains were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (47–72% of total fatty acids) stationary phase cultures consistently contained the highest proportions. The polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexanoic acid (22:6, n-3) was the most abundant fatty acid in all strains, comprising a maximum of 38·4% of total fatty acids in strain M 181 during stationary phase. Multivariate analysis (PCA) allowed logarithmic and stationary phase cultures to be distinguished although no obvious intra-isolate variability was apparent. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of lipids for the ecophysiology of E. huxleyi and the role of this dominant coccolithophore in the marine food chain.

The fatty acid composition of the conidia and mycelia of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Evans ◽  
Michael A. Moclock ◽  
Michael A. Gealt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Disappearance

The total fatty acids were characterized from conidia, exponential phase, and stationary phase Aspergillus nidulans. Several quantitative and qualitative variations were observed. Most notable was the approximately 15-fold increase in linolenate observed during the 1st day of incubation and its subsequent total disappearance by day 4.

scholarly journals Variability of the Fatty Acid Composition during Development of the Green Microalga Apatococcus constipatus

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Eichel ◽  
Robert Żarnowski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Culture Development

Abstract The green microalga Apatococcus constipatus was in­ vestigated for its fatty acid composition using GC and MS techniques. Considerable variations were found in individual fatty acid contents according to the stage of culture development. A set of saturated fatty acid homologues was distinguished as the main component regard­ less of the culture age. The occurrence of some uncommon fatty acids in minor amounts, such as hydroxylated ones, was found to be characteristic o f the studied species. Depending on the development stage, those com ­ pounds were detected either only during initial growth phases or throughout the cultivation time.

The effect of temperature and other growth conditions on the fatty acid composition of Escherichia coli

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. McGarrity ◽  
John B. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acid ◽  
Cyclopropane Fatty Acids ◽  
K 12

During exponential growth, strain AW405 of Escherichia coli K-12 did not regulate the fatty acid composition of its lipids in response either to temperature or to the addition of NaCl, KCl, or MgCl2 to the medium. Growth was severely restricted at temperatures below 21 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the isolated lipids from a culture with a typical exponential-phase composition yielded a broad transition, extending from approximately 0 to 33 °C, with a midpoint at 19 °C.During late stages of growth, the fatty acid composition changed. The percentage of palmitic acid increased and cyclopropane fatty acids replaced some of the equivalent unsaturated fatty acids. The increase in palmitate seemed largely independent of growth conditions, whereas the increase in the cyclopropane fatty acids was stimulated by the addition of salts or sucrose. Cultures grown in the presence of sucrose also had higher cyclopropane fatty acid levels during exponential growth. DSC of lipids from a sucrose culture, in which the compositional changes were most pronounced, yielded a much narrower transition with a midpoint at 27 °C.

scholarly journals Proteome-Wide Analysis of Trypanosoma cruzi Exponential and Stationary Growth Phases Reveals a Subcellular Compartment-Specific Regulation

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Avila ◽  
Simon Mule ◽  
Livia Rosa-Fernandes ◽  
Rosa Viner ◽  
María Barisón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Phase ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Subcellular Compartment

Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, cycles through different life stages characterized by defined molecular traits associated with the proliferative or differentiation state. In particular, T. cruzi epimastigotes are the replicative forms that colonize the intestine of the Triatomine insect vector before entering the stationary phase that is crucial for differentiation into metacyclic trypomastigotes, which are the infective forms of mammalian hosts. The transition from proliferative exponential phase to quiescent stationary phase represents an important step that recapitulates the early molecular events of metacyclogenesis, opening new possibilities for understanding this process. In this study, we report a quantitative shotgun proteomic analysis of the T. cruzi epimastigote in the exponential and stationary growth phases. More than 3000 proteins were detected and quantified, highlighting the regulation of proteins involved in different subcellular compartments. Ribosomal proteins were upregulated in the exponential phase, supporting the higher replication rate of this growth phase. Autophagy-related proteins were upregulated in the stationary growth phase, indicating the onset of the metacyclogenesis process. Moreover, this study reports the regulation of N-terminally acetylated proteins during growth phase transitioning, adding a new layer of regulation to this process. Taken together, this study reports a proteome-wide rewiring during T. cruzi transit from the replicative exponential phase to the stationary growth phase, which is the preparatory phase for differentiation.

scholarly journals Proteome analysis of xylose metabolism inRhodotorula toruloidesduring lipid production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ievgeniia A. Tiukova ◽  
Jule Brandenburg ◽  
Johanna Blomqvist ◽  
Sabine Samples ◽  
Nils Mikkelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Sugar Uptake ◽  
Beta Oxidation

AbstractBackgroundRhodotorula toruloidesis a promising platform organism for production of lipids from lignocellulosic substrates. Little is known about the metabolic aspects of lipid production from the lignocellolosic sugar xylose by oleaginous yeasts in general andR. toruloidesin particular. This study presents the first proteome analysis of the metabolism ofR. toruloidesduring conversion of xylose to lipids.ResultsR. toruloidescultivated on either glucose or xylose was subjected to comparative analysis of its growth dynamics, lipid composition, fatty acid profiles and proteome. The maximum growth and sugar uptake rate of glucose-grownR. toruloidescells were almost twice that of xylose-grown cells. Cultivation on xylose medium resulted in a lower final biomass yield although final cellular lipid content was similar between glucose- and xylose-grown cells. Analysis of lipid classes revealed the presence of monoacylglycerol in the early exponential growth phase as well as a high proportion of free fatty acids. Carbon source-specific changes in lipid profiles were only observed at early exponential growth phase, where C18 fatty acids were more saturated in xylose-grown cells. Proteins involved in sugar transport, initial steps of xylose assimilation and NADPH regeneration were among the proteins whose levels increased the most in xylose-grown cells across all time points. The levels of enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathway, phospholipid biosynthesis and amino acids biosynthesis differed in response to carbon source. In addition, xylose-grown cells contained higher levels of enzymes involved in peroxisomal beta-oxidation and oxidative stress response compared to cells cultivated on glucose.ConclusionsThe results obtained in the present study suggest that sugar import is the limiting step during xylose conversion byR. toruloidesinto lipids. NADPH appeared to be regenerated primarily through pentose phosphate pathway although it may also involve malic enzyme as well as alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. Increases in enzyme levels of both fatty acid biosynthesis and beta-oxidation in xylose-grown cells was predicted to result in a futile cycle. The results presented here are valuable for the development of lipid production processes employingR. toruloideson xylose-containing substrates.

The fatty acid composition of conidia of Aspergillus niger V. Tiegh.

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gunasekaran ◽  
W. M. Hess ◽  
D. J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Polar Lipid ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Neutral Lipid Fraction ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The lipids from conidia of Aspergillus niger were extracted and identified. The polar lipid content was higher (54.3%) than the neutral lipid fraction (45.7%). The major fatty acids present were C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2. The amount of unsaturation in total fatty acids (62%) was higher than the unsaturation in the polar lipids (35%). Freeze-etched replicas of dormant conidia revealed the presence of lipid bodies.

scholarly journals Application of the “fast” gas chromatography method for regular analysis of fatty acids in milk and dairy products

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
N. A. Zhizhin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Analysis Time ◽  
Acid Methyl

The paper presents one of the approaches for identifying fatty acids using gas chromatography, which significantly reduces the analysis time, and is equally effective when compared with the traditional method of studying the fatty acid composition. The determination of the composition of fatty acids today is a guarantee of quality in identifying various conformations and modifications of milk fat, the bioactive properties of individual acids of the omega-3 and omega-6 families, etc. Moreover, this method is time-consuming, therefore, the goal of this work is to optimize the parameters of this methodology for quick and regular analysis of fatty acid composition in laboratories and dairy enterprises. The analysis of the fatty acid composition was carried out using two columns with different stationary phases. A comparative evaluation of the analytical characteristics was carried out on two capillary chromatographic columns: SP-2560 100 ? 0.25 mm ID, 0.2 ?m with a stationary phase FFAP (traditional) and a gas chromatographic column BPX-70: stationary phase 70% cyanopropylphenyl dimethylpolysiloxane, 10 m ? 0.1 m ? 0.20 ?m. Detection was carried out using a flame ionization detector. A mixture of Supelco® 37 FAME Mix fatty acid methyl esters and Sigma-Aldrich methyl decanoate analytical standard was used as the standard. For data processing, the NetChrom software was used, the composition of fatty acid methyl esters was calculated by the internal normalization method. The analysis time of the first column was 49.07 minutes, for the second 8.44, respectively. The use of a stationary phase column of cyanopropylphenyl dimethylpolysiloxane significantly reduced the analysis time when eluting a complex composition of fatty acids. The studies were carried out using modern analytical techniques and arbitration methods of analysis in the laboratory of technochemical control of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Dairy Industry. This adapted analysis method will be of interest to specialists in the field of laboratory research and processing enterprises.

scholarly journals Temperature adaptation in Dictyostelium: role of Δ5 fatty acid desaturase

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamao Saito ◽  
Atsushi Kato ◽  
Hiroshi Ochiai ◽  
Naoki Morita
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Adaptation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dienoic Fatty Acid

Membrane fluidity is critical for proper membrane function and is regulated in part by the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids present in membrane lipids. The proportion of these lipids in turn varies with temperature and may contribute to temperature adaptation in poikilothermic organisms. The fundamental question posed in this study was whether the unsaturation of fatty acids contributes to the ability to adapt to temperature stress in Dictyostelium. First, fatty acid composition was analysed and it was observed that the relative proportions of dienoic acids changed with temperature. To investigate the role of dienoic fatty acids in temperature adaptation, null mutants were created in the two known Δ5 fatty acid desaturases (FadA and FadB) that are responsible for the production of dienoic fatty acids. The fadB null mutant showed no significant alteration in fatty acid composition or in phenotype. However, the disruption of fadA resulted in a large drop in dienoic fatty acid content from 51·2 to 4·1 % and a possibly compensatory increase in monoenoic fatty acids (40·9–92·4 %). No difference was detected in temperature adaptation with that of wild-type cells during the growth phase. However, surprisingly, mutant cells developed more efficiently than the wild-type at elevated temperatures. These results show that the fatty acid composition of Dictyostelium changes with temperature and suggest that the regulation of dienoic fatty acid synthesis is involved in the development of Dictyostelium at elevated temperatures, but not during the growth phase.

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