Targeted Chemometrics Investigations of Source-, Age- and Gender-Dependencies of Oral Cavity Malodorous Volatile Sulphur Compounds

Halitosis is a highly distressing, socially unaesthetic condition, with a very high incidence amongst the adult population. It predominantly arises from excessive oral cavity volatile sulphur compound (VSC) concentrations, which have either oral or extra-oral etiologies (90–95% and 5–10% of cases, respectively). However, reports concerning age- and gender-related influences on the patterns and concentrations of these malodorous agents remain sparse; therefore, this study’s first objective was to explore the significance and impact of these potential predictor variables on the oral cavity levels of these malodorants. Moreover, because non-oral etiologies for halitosis may represent avatars of serious extra-oral diseases, the second objective was to distinguish between etiology- (source-) dependent patterns of oral cavity VSCs. Oral cavity VSC determinations were performed on 116 healthy human participants using a non-stationary gas chromatographic facility, and following a 4 h period of abstention from all non-respiratory oral activities. Participants were grouped according to ages or age bands, and gender. Statistical analyses of VSC level data acquired featured both univariate/correlation and multivariate (MV) approaches. Factorial analysis-of-variance and MV analyses revealed that the levels of all VSCs monitored were independent of both age and gender. Principal component analysis (PCA) and a range of further MV analysis techniques, together with an agglomerative hierarchal clustering strategy, demonstrated that VSC predictor variables were partitioned into two components, the first arising from orally-sourced H2S and CH3SH, the second from extra-orally-sourced (CH3)2S alone (about 55% and 30% of total variance respectively). In conclusion, oral cavity VSC concentrations appear not to be significantly influenced by age and gender. Furthermore, (CH3)2S may serve as a valuable biomarker for selected extra-oral conditions.

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Age and gender effects of 11C-ITMM binding to metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 in healthy human participants

Neurobiology of Aging ◽

10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 72-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muneyuki Sakata ◽

Jun Toyohara ◽

Kenji Ishibashi ◽

Kei Wagatsuma ◽

Kenji Ishii ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glutamate Receptor ◽

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Receptor Type ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Metabotropic Glutamate ◽

Human Participants ◽

And Gender

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Influence of age and gender on the profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds analyzed by an electronic nose

Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ◽

10.1590/s1806-37562015000000195 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 143-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Silvano Dragonieri ◽

Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta ◽

Pierluigi Carratu ◽

Teresa Ranieri ◽

Onofrio Resta

Keyword(s):

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Principal Component ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Older Subjects ◽

Never Smokers ◽

And Gender

We aimed to investigate the effects of age and gender on the profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds. We evaluated 68 healthy adult never-smokers, comparing them by age and by gender. Exhaled breath samples were analyzed by an electronic nose (e-nose), resulting in "breathprints". Principal component analysis and canonical discriminant analysis showed that older subjects (≥ 50 years of age) could not be distinguished from younger subjects on the basis of their breathprints, as well as that the breathprints of males could not distinguished from those of females (cross-validated accuracy, 60.3% and 57.4%, respectively).Therefore, age and gender do not seem to affect the overall profile of exhaled volatile organic compounds measured by an e-nose.

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Lack of association between delayed tooth emergence and single nucleotide polymorphisms in estrogen receptors

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202104103 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 107-114

Author(s):

Isabela Ribeiro Madalena ◽

Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis ◽

Daniela Silva Barroso de Oliveira ◽

Giovana Daniela Pecharki ◽

Paula Cristina Trevilatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Estrogen Receptors ◽

Permanent Tooth ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

And Gender ◽

Tooth Emergence

Abstract The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) and delayed tooth emergence (DTE). This cross-sectional study was composed of biological unrelated children of both sexes, age ranging from 11 to 13 years old. DTE was defined when the successor primary tooth was still present in the oral cavity after its exfoliation time or the absence of the permanent tooth emergence into the oral cavity. Children were diagnosed with DTE when they had at least one delayed permanent tooth, according to age of exfoliation of each tooth proposed by The American Dental Association. Genomic DNA from saliva was used to evaluate the SNPs in ESR1 (rs9340799 and rs2234693) and ESR2 (rs1256049 and rs4986938) using Real-Time PCR. Chi-square or Fisher exact tests and Logistic Regression adjusted by age and gender were performed. SNP-SNP interaction was accessed by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) analysis also adjusted by gender and age. The established alpha of this study was 5%. Among 537 included children, 296 (55%) were in the “DTE” group and the 241 (45%) were in the “Control” group. Age and gender were not statistically different among the groups (p>0.05). Genotype distribution of the SNPs rs9340799, rs2234693, rs1256049 and rs4986938 were not associated with DTE (p> 0.05). The models elected by MDR were not statistically significant either. Conclusions: The studied SNPs in ESR1 and ESR2 were not associated with permanent DTE.

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P5309Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium in the Dutch adult population: preliminary results of the ImaLife study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0280 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

C Xia ◽

M Rook ◽

G J Pelgrim ◽

J N Van Bolhuis ◽

P M A Van Ooijen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Reference Values ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Imaging Biomarkers ◽

Dutch Population ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

Abstract Background Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring is a promising tool for cardiovascular risk classification. Population-based reference values are important for the clinical interpretation of CAC scores. Purpose To establish standards of CAC distributions by age and gender in an unselected Dutch population, which can be used to determine reference values. Methods ImaLife (Imaging in Lifelines) is a computed tomography (CT) based substudy of the Lifelines cohort, with a primary aim to establish reference values of imaging biomarkers for early stages of coronary artery disease in adults (above 45 years old). In total, 12,000 participants will be enrolled from an unselected adult population in the northern Netherlands for CAC scoring with third generation dual-source CT. CAC is quantified with dedicated commercial software using the Agatston method. Results Included so far were 3,702 participants (57.5% females, mean age 54 years, range 45–82 years). CAC was present in 39.2% of participants, with a higher prevalence of CAC in men (55.3%) than in women (27.3%). CAC scores increased with increasing age in both genders. The percentiles of CAC scores by age and gender groups are summarized in the table. Agatston CAC score percentiles by age and gender Percentiles Women – Age, years Men – Age, years 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65∼ 45–49 50–54 55–59 60–64 65∼ N 505 634 719 260 10 355 473 543 185 18 25th 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 75 50th 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 6 22 556 75th 0 0 6 33 386 6 21 72 129 751 90th 4 26 77 120 1037 49 154 242 500 1803 Conclusion This preliminary result presents CAC distribution by age and gender in a middle-aged unselected Dutch population. Compared with the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, CAC scores in our cohort for both genders were lower in the 5-year age groups between 45 and 64 years. Based on the overall data, expected within 2 years, reference values of CAC for the Dutch population can be established.

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Reference interval by the indirect approach of serum thyrotropin (TSH) in a Mediterranean adult population and the association with age and gender

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2018-0957 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (10) ◽

pp. 1587-1594 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bruna Lo Sasso ◽

Matteo Vidali ◽

Concetta Scazzone ◽

Luisa Agnello ◽

Marcello Ciaccio

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Indirect Method ◽

Adult Population ◽

Reference Interval ◽

University Hospital ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender ◽

Effect Of Age

Abstract Background The serum concentration of thyrotropin (TSH) represents a first-line test in diagnostic algorithms. The estimation of TSH reference intervals (RIs) is still a matter of debate due to the high prevalence of subclinical disease making difficult the definition of truly healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to estimate TSH RIs in healthy subjects and to evaluate the effect of age and gender on TSH concentration. Methods Forty-four thousand one hundred and fifty-six TSH data were collected between July 2012 and April 2018 at the Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital, Palermo. Common and sex-specific RIs were estimated by Arzideh’s indirect method after exclusion of individuals younger than 15 years, subjects with repeated TSH tests and with abnormal free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3) or anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibodies. The combined effect of age and gender on TSH values was evaluated. Results RIs estimated in the selected individuals (n = 22602) were, respectively, 0.18–3.54 mIU/L (general), 0.19–3.23 mIU/L (men) and 0.18–3.94 mIU/L (women). Women showed significantly higher median TSH than men (1.46 vs. 1.39 mIU/L; p < 0.0001). Both in men and in women, median TSH decreased along with age; however, although up to 60 years in both men and women showed similar values, afterwards women showed constantly higher TSH than men. Accordingly, statistical analysis showed a significant interaction between gender and age (p = 0.001), suggesting that the effect of age on TSH is different between genders. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the indirect method, with appropriate cleaning of data, could be useful to define TSH RIs.

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Basal serum pancreatic polypeptide is dependent on age and gender in an adult population

Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ◽

10.3109/00365519709105231 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 695-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

M. Brimnes Damholt ◽

B. K. Rasmussen ◽

L. Hilsted ◽

R. Jensen ◽

J. Hilsted

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Polypeptide ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Basal Serum ◽

And Gender

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Effect of animal age and gender on fatty acid and elemental composition in Austrian beef applicable for authentication purposes

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-012-0179-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriána Bednárová ◽

Ján Mocák ◽

Walter Gössler ◽

Margit Velik ◽

Josef Kaufmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Elemental Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Principal Component ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to find differences in the content of fatty acids and variations in elemental composition in beef samples of longissimus dorsi muscle related to cattle age and gender. A further goal was to describe interrelations among the selected variables (descriptors) characterising the samples. For this purpose, an extensive data table was compiled, which contains chemical descriptors specifying forty-six beef samples originating from four well-known Austrian grassland-based beef labels. The following descriptors were investigated: (a) concentrations of 33 fatty acids, (b) concentrations of 19 elements, (c) contents of dry-mass, protein, intramuscular fat, and ash, (d) total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (e) total contents of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFA and their ratio. The correlation analysis provided a number of statistically significant correlations among the descriptors, which were concordant with the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender of cattle (both acting as target factors) on the fatty acid content and elemental composition of beef was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate non-parametric tests. Several important interrelations among the beef characteristics investigated were also discovered. Finally, the most relevant beef descriptors were utilised in linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for predicting the slaughter age of the cattle for beef authentication.

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Temporal trends in incidence of heart failure in relation to age and gender in western Sweden 2008–2017

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0972 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

M Wideqvist ◽

A Rosengren ◽

M Schaufelberger ◽

A Pivodic ◽

M Fu

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Adult Population ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Administrative Database ◽

Funding Source ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Development Fund ◽

The Government ◽

And Gender ◽

Incident Cases

Abstract Background During the last decades we have witnessed gradually improved cardiovascular primary and secondary prevention, while life expectancy is increasing, with a growing population of elderly people. Heart failure is a disease of the elderly and end stage of other cardiac diseases. Accordingly, trends in incidence of heart failure are dynamic and may differ by age and gender Purpose To investigate overall trends in incidence for HF over the last decades in Western Sweden. Additionally we wanted to study incidence in relation to age and gender. Method The VEGA database is an administrative database of all patients managed in hospital care (through direct linkage to the Swedish nationwide patient registry) and/or in primary care facilities (private and public) living in Western Sweden. All patients with a main or contributory diagnosis of HF (I50) >18 years of age between 2008 and 2017 were included in our cohort. HF incidence was calculated based on the entire population of Vastra Gotaland (a region of Western Sweden). Results The adult population in Western Sweden increased by 8% from 2008 (n=1,234,609) to 2017 (n=1,338,906), with 69% <60 years of age and 50% female, both constant over time. In total, 62,229 incident cases of HF were identified during 2008–2017. In 2008 we identified 6464 cases with a mean age of 78.7 (11.5) and 49.8% (n=3222) male patients, while in 2017 5,727 cases were identified with a mean age of 78.3 (11.8) and 52.5% (n=3006) male cases. The yearly incidence rate of HF remained constant over the 10-year period but with large variations by age and gender. A constantly higher incidence of HF was seen for men compared to women in all age categories. Although overall incidence remained constant in the last decade, we did observe decreasing incidence among those >80 years of age with incidence rates dropping from 4.4% to 3.0% between 2008–2017 (80–90 years) and from 7.8 to 5.5% in the same period (>90 years of age). A similar pattern was seen in both men and women in these age groups with incidence decreasing over the last ten years. Conclusion The overall incidence of HF remained unchanged over the last decade. However a declining trend in incidence was observed in the oldest part of the population, who, however, constitutes only approximately 5% of the population. Our findings emphasize the need for implementation of effective preventive strategies for HF. Trends in HF incidence 2007-2018 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): The Swedish agreement between the government and the county councils concerning economic support for providing an infrastructure for research and education of doctors (ALF), and the Regional Development Fund, Västra Götaland County, Sweden (FOU-VGR)

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