scholarly journals Oropharyngeal Hairy Polyp: A Case of Respiratory Failure in a Newborn

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 465
Author(s):  
Paola Feraco ◽  
Emma Bragantini ◽  
Francesca Incandela ◽  
Cesare Gagliardo ◽  
Marina Silvestrini
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Hairy polyps, also known as dermoid polyps (DPs), are rare benign cystic lesions of bigerminal origin that may occur in several head and neck regions, including the oropharynx. Despite their benign histopathological nature, DPs may be life threatening, due to their upper airway location, and DPs represent one of the most unusual causes of respiratory distress during the neonatal period. In this paper, we describe a case of respiratory failure in a newborn with an oropharyngeal mass that was accidentally found during difficult intubation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a well-defined soft tissue pedunculated mass, arising from the left oropharynx wall, consistent with an oropharyngeal DP. The newborn had a prompt recovery after trans-oral mass removal. Our case underlines the importance of imaging in differential diagnosis of children’s respiratory distress, secondary to a variety of lesions within the region of the skull base or oropharynx. It allowed us to assess the origin of the lesion, as well as its relationship with the adjacent soft tissues, and to exclude intracranial extension, thus providing essential information for the surgical planning.

Mediastinal teratoma presenting with respiratory distress and cardiogenic shock in a neonate

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
Mila Stajevic ◽  
Ivan Dizdarevic ◽  
Igor Krunic ◽  
Vesna Topic
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Cardiogenic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Mediastinal Teratoma ◽  
Venous Compression ◽  
Life Threatening

Abstract Mediastinal teratomas are uncommon, fast-growing thoracic tumours, which are usually diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. Neonatal forms are the rarest and often present with life-threatening respiratory distress syndrome. In our case, respiratory failure in a neonate was aggravated by severe cardiogenic shock due to aortic and systemic venous compression, extreme heart displacement and rotation, necessitating an emergency operation on the first day of life.

Respiratory emergencies

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-226
Author(s):  
Punit S. Ramrakha ◽  
Kevin P. Moore ◽  
Amir H. Sam
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Acute Severe Asthma ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Respiratory Emergencies

This chapter discusses respiratory emergencies, including pneumonia (acute, Mycoplasma, Legionella, viral, Chlamydia), psittacosis, acute asthma, acute severe asthma, mild to moderate asthmatic attacks, acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory failure, adult respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax (acute, tension), haemoptysis, pleural effusions, chronic massive effusion, empyema, and acute upper airway obstruction.

scholarly journals Emergent thyroidectomy with sternotomy due to acute respiratory failure with severe thyroid storm

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. e223-e225
Author(s):  
A Matsushita ◽  
S Hosokawa ◽  
D Mochizuki ◽  
J Okamura ◽  
K Funai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Total Thyroidectomy ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Thyroid Storm ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Nasal Intubation ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening

Huge cervical and mediastinal masses may lead to acute respiratory failure caused by laryngotracheal compression and airway obstruction. Thyroid storm is also a life-threatening endocrine emergency originating almost exclusively from uncontrolled Graves’ disease. We report a case of a 42-year-old man with acute upper airway obstruction and tachycardia from progressive swelling of a giant thyroid, in conjunction with thyroid storm resulting from uncontrolled Graves’ disease. Fibreoptic-assisted nasal intubation was performed while the patient was awake, immediately followed by emergency total thyroidectomy via a cervical and sternal approach. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and recovered well. Respiratory failure due to swelling of a giant thyroid is a life-threatening condition and should be treated immediately with endotracheal intubation while the patient is awake following emergent total thyroidectomy, even with a sternotomy.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Obstruction in a Newborn with Vallecular Cyst

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Birgin Torer ◽  
Bilin Cetinkaya ◽  
Serkan Yılmaz ◽  
Cuneyt Yilmazer ◽  
Hande Gulcan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Life Threatening

Vallecular cyst is a rare cause of stridor in neonates, which may present as a life threatening airway obstruction. Here, we report a preterm infant with a congenital vallecular cyst who presented with stridor and respiratory distress that developed immediately after birth. She was successfully treated with endoscopic marsupialization.

scholarly journals MRI flow measurements with a flexible stenosis phantom

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-568
Author(s):  
Alina Ibbeken ◽  
Pragathi Gurumurthy ◽  
Fenja Zell ◽  
Christina Hagen ◽  
Martin A. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Comparison And Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder caused by the collapse of the upper airway during sleep due to a shift of soft tissues. To optimise the treatment, one needs a better understanding of the patient-specific causes of OSA. As a first step, a flexible tube with a stenosis was manufactured, representing a simple model of the pharynx geometry. The phantom has been used to carry out magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flow sensitive measurements, to investigate the flow conditions that lead to the collapse. This contribution is concerned with the comparison and analysis of the flow and phantom deformation using varying boundary conditions, such as the Reynolds number and transmural pressure.

scholarly journals Upper Airway Changes following Functional Treatment with the Headgear Herbst or Headgear Twin Block Appliance Assessed on Lateral Cephalograms and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gu ◽  
Fabio Savoldi ◽  
Urban Hägg ◽  
Colman P. J. McGrath ◽  
Ricky W. K. Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Functional Treatment ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Airway Dimensions

Objective. The present study compared the changes in the upper airway dimensions and sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) condition between functional treatment with the headgear Herbst (HG-Herbst) and headgear Twin Block (HG-TB) appliance. Soft tissues were assessed on lateral cephalometric X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods. Consecutive patients who sought orthodontic treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry of The University of Hong Kong were screened. Adolescents (12-17 year sold for boys and 10-15 years old for girls), with class II molar relationship and overjet >5 mm, with no severe transverse maxillary deficiency, were recruited. Patients were assigned either to the HG-Herbst or to the HG-TB treatment by stratified block randomisation, with sex as the stratification factor. Lateral cephalograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the Paediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) were obtained at baseline and after treatment. Results. 28 patients were enrolled, and 26 patients (13 in each group) completed the treatment. Following 1 year of functional appliance treatment, a significantly lower increase of the lower anterior facial height was observed in the HG-Herbst group compared to the HG-TB group (p = 0.024). However, no significant differences were observed in the upper airway structures or SRBD between the two groups. Conclusion. The changes in upper airway dimensions and SRBD condition were not significantly different between the HG-Herbst and the HG-TB appliance treatment. Additional studies with larger sample size are warranted.

scholarly journals Nasopharyngeal Salivary Gland Anlage Tumour: A rare cause of neonatal respiratory distress

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Salma M. Al-Sheibani ◽  
Kiran P. Sawardekar ◽  
Salwa J. Habib ◽  
Hunaina M. Al-Kindi
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Neonatal Respiratory Distress ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Male Neonate

A salivary gland anlage tumour (SGAT) is a very rare type of benign tumour that usually presents in early infancy with respiratory distress which is exacerbated upon feeding. We report a full-term male neonate who was referred to the Al Nahdha Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2015 with severe neonatal respiratory distress due to a nasopharyngeal obstruction immediately after birth. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a well-circumscribed mass in the nasopharynx, without intracranial extension. Histopathological analysis of the lesion confirmed a diagnosis of SGAT. Following excision of the tumour, the postoperative period was uneventful. No recurrence was observed over the next two years. This case report highlights the importance of the early recognition of this extremely rare and potentially life-threatening, yet easily curable, condition.Keywords: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Case Report; Oman.

scholarly journals Acute Upper Airway Obstruction Secondary to Retained Respiratory Secretions in a Patient with SARS-CoV-2 Respiratory Failure Treated with Prolonged CPAP

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Avoidable Mortality ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus which can cause respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support. We describe the first documented case of life-threatening upper airway obstruction due to retained secretions around a nasogastric (NG) tube in a patient suffering from this disease who was managed with prolonged continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP). This case highlights the need for awareness around the development of an upper airway mass due to tenacious secretions in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and the need to develop preventative strategies in order to prevent avoidable mortality. Keywords: Airway obstruction; CPAP; SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus; Nasogastric tube; Non-invasive ventilation.

scholarly journals Upper airway obstruction in a patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. e50-e51
Author(s):  
D Chatzoudis ◽  
TJ Kelly ◽  
J Lancaster ◽  
TM Jones
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Danlos Syndrome

We report a case of recurrent airway obstruction episodes resulting from laryngeal hypermobility in a patient with Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. A 44-year-old woman, with known Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, presented with recent onset of episodes of upper airway obstruction due to hypermobility of her larynx. A suitable conservative management strategy proved elusive and the patient finally underwent a thyrohyoidopexy. The patient remains symptom free nine months after the procedure. This is the first report of spontaneous life threatening upper airway obstruction due to hypermobility of the suprahyoid suspensory soft tissues in Ehlers–Danlos syndrome.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Epiglottic Hematoma Secondary to Supratherapeutic Anticoagulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody A. Koch ◽  
Steven M. Olsen ◽  
Amy M. Saleh ◽  
Laura J. Orvidas
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Compromise ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Anticoagulated Patient ◽  
Life Threatening Complication ◽  
Spontaneous Hematoma

Hemorrhage into the soft tissues of the airway represents a potentially life-threatening complication of long-term anticoagulation. We report the case of a chronically anticoagulated 37-year-old male who developed a spontaneous hematoma of the epiglottis secondary to a supra-therapeutic INR. Epiglottic hematoma should be considered in the differential of any anticoagulated patient presenting with upper airway compromise. The airway should be secured in a controlled fashion, and the coagulopathy should be rapidly corrected.

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