scholarly journals Infantile Brain Tumors: A Review of Literature and Future Perspectives

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Valeria Simone ◽  
Daniela Rizzo ◽  
Alessandro Cocciolo ◽  
Anna Maria Caroleo ◽  
Andrea Carai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Molecular Landscape ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Brain tumors in infants including those diagnosed in fetal age, newborns and under a year old represent less than 10% of pediatric nervous system tumors and present differently when compared with older children in terms of clinical traits, location and histology. The most frequent clinical finding is a macrocephaly but non-specific symptoms can also be associated. The prognosis is usually poor and depends on several factors. Surgery continues to be the main option in terms of therapeutic strategies whereas the role of chemotherapy is not yet well defined and radiotherapy is exceptionally undertaken. In view of this situation, a molecular characterization could assist in providing therapeutic options for these tumors. This review highlights the recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors in infants with a particular focus on the molecular landscape and future clinical applications.

Role of quality of life in therapeutic strategies in brain tumors

Health Policy ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Koivukangas ◽  
John Koivukangas
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies

scholarly journals Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Cheng Lin ◽  
Cheng-Han Yang ◽  
Li-Hsin Cheng ◽  
Wen-Tsan Chang ◽  
Yuh-Rong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Metastatic Progression ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Tumor Microenvironments ◽  
Tumor Transformation

The role of fibronectin (FN) in tumorigenesis and malignant progression has been highly controversial. Cancerous FN plays a tumor-suppressive role, whereas it is pro-metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, FN matrix deposited in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) promotes tumor progression but is paradoxically related to a better prognosis. Here, we justify how FN impacts tumor transformation and subsequently metastatic progression. Next, we try to reconcile and rationalize the seemingly conflicting roles of FN in cancer and TMEs. Finally, we propose future perspectives for potential FN-based therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and Nanovesicles: Promotion of Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Anti-Senescence for Treatment of Wound Damage and Skin Ageing

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1135
Author(s):  
Hyeonjin Cha ◽  
Seyoung Hong ◽  
Ju Hyun Park ◽  
Hee Ho Park
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Future Perspectives

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are nano-sized vesicles derived from endocytic membranes and contain biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, RNAs, and DNAs for the transfer of signals to recipient cells, playing significant roles in cell-to-cell communication. Discovery of exosomes has attracted attention for possible use as next generation therapies in clinical applications; however, several studies suggest that cells secrete exosomes that perform as mediators in the tumor niche and play several roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Recently, stem cell-derived exosomes have been suggested as a desirable source for regenerative medicine due to their roles in the promotion of angiogenesis via migratory and proliferative mechanisms. This review is aimed at demonstrating the present knowledge of stem cell-derived exosomes and cell-engineered nanovesicles (CNVs) as proliferative, migratory, and anti-senescent therapeutic biomaterial for use in tissue regeneration; wound healing and anti-ageing are explained. We conclude this review by discussing the future perspectives of stem cell-derived exosomes and CNVs as a platform in therapeutic strategies for treatment of wound damage and skin aging.

Screening for haemorrhagic disorders in paediatric patients by means of a questionnaire

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S87-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Music ◽  
M. Novak ◽  
B. Acham-Roschitz ◽  
W. Muntean
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Mild Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Infants And Young Children

SummaryAim: In children, screening for haemorrhagic disorders is further complicated by the fact that infants and young children with mild disease in many cases most likely will not have a significant history of easy bruising or bleeding making the efficacy of a questionnaire even more questionable. Patients, methods: We compared the questionnaires of a group of 88 children in whom a haemorrhagic disorder was ruled out by rigorous laboratory investigation to a group of 38 children with mild von Willebrand disease (VWD). Questionnaires about child, mother and father were obtained prior to the laboratory diagnosis on the occasion of routine preoperative screening. Results: 23/38 children with mild VWD showed at least one positive question in the questionnaire, while 21/88 without laboratory signs showed at least one positive question. There was a trend to more specific symptoms in older children. Three or more positive questions were found only in VWD patients, but only in a few of the control group. The question about menstrual bleeding in mothers did not differ significantly. Sensitivity of the questionnaire for a hemostatic disorder was 0.60, while specifity was 0.76. The negative predictive value was 0.82, but the positive predictive value was only 0.52. Conclusions: Our small study shows, that a questionnaire yields good results to exclude a haemostatic disorder, but is not a sensitive tool to identify such a disorder.

Natriuretic Peptides – Addressing the Dilemma of Heart Failure Management

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Kenneth McDonald ◽  
Ulf Dahlström ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Heart Failure Management ◽  
Effective Screening ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Objective Marker

Heart failure (HF) is characterised by non-specific symptoms and unremarkable physical examination; therefore, the need exists for an available objective marker of HF status. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are a marker that can aid the dilemmas in present-day HF management. More effective screening for clinical deterioration would include changes in brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. Normal values for BNP, <50–100 pg/ml, have excellent negative predictive value (NPV) in excluding HF as a diagnosis. BNP values that are significantly elevated, e.g. >500 pg/ml, make the diagnosis of HF more likely. There are now established and emerging uses for NPs in managing HF in the community. These include the role of NPs at the time of possible new presentation of HF, its role in prognostication and, finally, the increasing interest in using NPs to guide therapy in the outpatient setting.

Role of Pharmacogenomics in Antiepileptic Drug Therapy: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (37) ◽  
pp. 5760-5765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gambardella ◽  
Angelo Labate ◽  
Laura Mumoli ◽  
Iscia Lopes-Cendes ◽  
Fernando Cendes
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Antiepileptic Drug Therapy

Recent Advances in Computational Methods for Identifying Anticancer Peptides

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengmian Feng ◽  
Zhenyi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Small Peptides ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Anticancer Peptide ◽  
Anticancer Peptides ◽  
Computational Identification ◽  
Reliable Methods

Anticancer peptide (ACP) is a kind of small peptides that can kill cancer cells without damaging normal cells. In recent years, ACP has been pre-clinically used for cancer treatment. Therefore, accurate identification of ACPs will promote their clinical applications. In contrast to labor-intensive experimental techniques, a series of computational methods have been proposed for identifying ACPs. In this review, we briefly summarized the current progress in computational identification of ACPs. The challenges and future perspectives in developing reliable methods for identification of ACPs were also discussed. We anticipate that this review could provide novel insights into future researches on anticancer peptides.

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