scholarly journals Subgingival Microbiota Profile in Association with Cigarette Smoking in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Krešimir Bašić ◽  
Kristina Peroš ◽  
Zrinka Bošnjak ◽  
Ivana Šutej
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Subgingival Microbiota ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

While smoking is recognized as one of the factors for the development and progression of periodontal diseases, a relation between the composition of the subgingival microbiota and smoking is yet to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of subgingival bacteria in young smokers and non-smokers without clinical signs of periodontal disease. In this cross-sectional study, performed at the Department of Pharmacology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, we enrolled 32 periodontally healthy smokers and 32 non-smokers, aged 25–35 years old. The number of oral bacteria and the prevalence of particular bacteria were assessed for each subject. Subgingival plaque samples were collected with sterile paper points from two first molars for microbiological analyses with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. In smokers, a significantly higher prevalence of Actinomyces odontolyticus was observed compared to non-smokers, and a significantly lower prevalence of Streptococcus sanguinis was observed compared to non-smokers. Smoking affects the composition of subgingival microbiota, either via depletion of beneficial bacteria or the increase in pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Al-kalisi ◽  
Manal Al-Hajri ◽  
Sarah Al-Rai
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

scholarly journals Non-critical healthcare tools as a potential source of healthcare-acquired bacterial infections in eastern Ethiopia: A hospital-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211882262
Author(s):  
Fitsum Weldegebreal ◽  
Desalegn Admassu ◽  
Dereje Meaza ◽  
Mulatu Asfaw
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Healthcare Acquired Infections

Background: Outbreaks of healthcare-acquired infections have been linked to contaminated medical devices such as electronic thermometers, sphygmomanometers, stethoscopes, latex gloves, masks, neckties, white coats and other. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess non-critical healthcare tools as a potential source of healthcare-acquired bacterial infections and associated factors in public health hospitals of Harar, eastern Ethiopia from March 2016 to February 2017. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 212 non-critical healthcare tools owned by different health professionals. The data were collected from each owner using self-administered questionnaire. Swab specimens were collected from 187 stethoscopes and 25 sphygmomanometers using sterile cotton tips. Bacterial investigation and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using standard culture tests. The data were double entered into EPI-Data version 3.1 and exported into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 for analysis. Result: The overall prevalence of non-critical healthcare tool contamination was 53.8%. A total of 137 bacterial strains were isolated. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent isolate (35%). Resistance to two or more different classes of antimicrobial was found to be 19.3%. The proportion of stethoscopes or sphygmomanometers contamination owned by the health professionals who were not cleaned regularly before and after examining each patient was found to be high (77%). The majority of non-critical healthcare tools used by health professionals working in the intensive care unit were contaminated (75%) followed by medical wards (73.5%). Conclusion: This study confirmed that the majority of the stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria known to be associated with healthcare-acquired infections. Most of the healthcare workers did not practice stethoscope and sphygmomanometers disinfection. Strict and careful decontamination of stethoscopes and sphygmomanometers need to be in place before use.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN STATUS KEBERSIHAN GIGI DAN MULUT SERTA STATUS GINGIVA PADA ANAK REMAJA DI SMP ADVENT WATULANEY KABUPATEN MINAHASA

e-GIGI ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid M. Lesar ◽  
Damajanty H. C. Pangemanan ◽  
Kustina Zuliari
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status

Abstract: Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood characterized by the presence of physiological amendments, as well as hormonal. Such reformations may influence the hygiene of dental, mouth and gingiva. Thus are results of mental pattern, adolescents cooperation to look after dental and mouth hygiene in order to prevent gingiva’s inflammation when the level of dental and mouth hygiene decreases. Gingivitis is one of periodontal diseases that is particularly vulnerable to occur during adolescence period, when dental and mouth hygiene are not carefully preserved. The purpose of this research is to identify the status of dental, mouth, and gingiva hygiene among advent junior high school adolescents in Watulaney, Regency of Minahasa. This is a descriptive study, with cross sectional study approach. Conducted in Advent Junior High School, Watulaney, Regency of Minahasa. With 63 subjects under Total Sampling method, measured by oral hygine index simplified by Green and Vermillion, and gingiva index by Loe and Sillness. The implication of this study shows that dental and mouth hygiene among adolescents overall reaches the good category obtains 14,28%, medium category obtains 65,08%, and poor category obtains 20,64%. The status of gingiva upon general adolescents 47,62% for light inflammation, 34,92% for medium inflammation, 17,46% for severe inflammation.Keywords: adolecents, oral hygiene status, gingival statusAbstrak: Remaja merupakan masa transisi dari anak menuju kedewasaan yang ditandai oleh adanya perubahan fisiologis dan hormonal. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi kebersihan gigi dan mulut serta gingiva. Hal ini disebabkan oleh pola pemikiran, kepatuhan anak remaja terhadap kebersihan gigi dan mulut guna menjaga terjadinya peradangan pada gingiva apabila kurangnya tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Gingivitis merupakan salah satu penyakit periodontal yang sangat rentan terjadi di usia remaja apabila kebersihan gigi dan mulut tidak terjaga dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui status kebersihan gigi dan mulut serta status gingiva pada anak remaja di SMP Advent Watulaney kabupaten Minahasa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Advent Watulaney kabupaten Minahasa dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 63 orang, menggunakan metode Total Sampling yang diukur dengan indeks oral hygiene index simplified menurut Green and Vermillion dan indeks gingiva menurut Loe and Sillness. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status kebersihan gigi dan mulut anak remaja berada pada kategori baik 14,28%, kategori sedang 65,08%, dan kategori buruk 20,64. Status gingiva anak remaja yang memiliki inflamasi ringan sebesar 47,62%, inflamasi sedang sebesar 34,92%, inflamasi berat sebesar 17,46%.Kata kunci: anak remaja, status kebersihan gigi dan mulut, status gingiva

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Development of Bovine Respiratory Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study in Beef Steers Shipped From France to Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Padalino ◽  
Francesco Cirone ◽  
Martina Zappaterra ◽  
Daniele Tullio ◽  
Gigliola Ficco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Histophilus Somni

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex, multifactorial syndrome and one of the major welfare and economical concerns for the cattle industry. This 1-year cross-sectional study was aimed at documenting the prevalence of BRD-related pathogens and clinical signs before and after a long journey and at identifying possible predisposition factors. Male Limousine beef steers (n = 169) traveling from France to Italy were health checked and sampled with Deep Nasopharyngeal Swabs (DNS) at loading (T0) and 4 days after arrival (T1). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to quantify the presence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), bovine adenovirus (BAdV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), Histophilus somni, Mannheimia haemolytica, Mycoplasma bovis, and Pasteurella multocida. Weather conditions at departure and arrival were recorded, and the travel conditions were taken from the travel documentation. At T0, even if no animals displayed clinical signs, some of them were already positive for one or more pathogens. At T1, the number of animals displaying clinical signs and positive for BCoV, BAdV, BRSV, H. somni, M. haemolytica, M. bovis, and P. multocida increased dramatically (p < 0.001). Transport also significantly increased co-infection passing from 16.0% at T0 to 82.8% at T1 (p < 0.001). An extra stop during the journey seemed to favor BRSV, M. haemolytica, and P. multocida (p < 0.05). Weather conditions, in particular sudden climate changes from departure to arrival and daily temperature variance, were found to be predisposing factors for many of the pathogens. The farm of arrival also played a role for BRSV, BAdV, and H. somni (p < 0.05). BCoV increased dramatically, but no associations were found confirming that it spreads easily during transport phases. Our findings increased our understanding of factors increasing the likelihood of BRD-related pathogens shedding and can be useful to minimize the incidence of BRD and to implement animal transport regulations.

scholarly journals Clinical symptoms, paraclinical tests and histopathological results in children with acute appendicitis in Zabol southeast of Iran: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 2836
Author(s):  
Mehran Hesaraki
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Intestinal Loop ◽  
Negative Appendectomy ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Histopathological Results

Background: This article aimed to assessment clinical signs and symptoms, paraclinical tests and histopathological results in children with acute appendicitis.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted on 100 children with acute appendicitis in an urban hospital in southeast of Iran from January to December 2016. Participants were selected by simple random sampling method. Clinical signs and symptoms, paraclinical tests and histopathological results recorded in checklists. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.Results: Mean age of the patients was 10.26±3.25, fourthly-eight of patients (58.5%) were males and 34 patients (41.5%) were females. The most frequent clinical signs and symptoms were acute suppurative appendicitis with peri appendicitis (45.83%) and acute suppurative appendicitis (39.58%). The most frequent results in ultrasound reports were Intestinal loop thickness greater than 6 mm without peristalsis (positive report) (46.34%) and Invisible appendix (nega Hesaraki tive report) (13.41%).Conclusions: The results of this study showed that abdominal pain and RLQ tenderness were the most common signs and symptoms and WBC left-shift was the most common laboratory finding. Since the rate of negative appendectomy in this study was consistent with surgical results and other articles, it is concluded that diagnostic accuracy of preoperative appendectomy was acceptable and most children with acute appendicitis underwent appendectomy.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antimicrobial Usage on Commercial Broiler and Layer Chicken Farms in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Imam ◽  
Justine S. Gibson ◽  
Mohammad Foysal ◽  
Shetu Bhusan Das ◽  
Suman Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Commercial poultry production is growing rapidly in Bangladesh to address the increasing demand for poultry meat and eggs. Challenges faced by producers include the occurrence of poultry diseases, which are usually treated or controlled by antimicrobials. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 57 commercial layer and 83 broiler farms in eight subdistricts of the Chattogram district, Bangladesh, to assess antimicrobial usage in relation to clinical signs observed in chicken flocks on these farms. Of the 140 commercial chicken farms, 137 (97.9%) used antimicrobials and 24 different antimicrobial agents were administered. On layer farms, the most commonly used antimicrobials were ciprofloxacin (37.0% of farms, 20/54), amoxicillin (33.3%, 18/54), and tiamulin (31.5%, 17/54), while on broiler farms, colistin (56.6%, 47/83), doxycycline (50.6%, 42/83), and neomycin (38.6%, 32/83) were most commonly administered. Only 15.3% (21/137) of farmers used antimicrobials exclusively for therapeutic purposes, while 84.7% (116/137) of farmers used them prophylactically, administering them either for prophylactic purposes only (22.6% of farmers, 31/137) or in combination with therapeutic purposes (62.1% of farmers, 85/137). About 83.3% (45/54) of layer farmers were selling eggs while antimicrobials were being administered compared to 36.1% (30/83) of the broiler farmers selling broiler chickens while administering antimicrobials. Overall, 75.2% (103/137) of farmers reported clinical signs for which they administered antimicrobials, while 24.8% (34/137) of farmers reported no clinical signs but still administered antimicrobials. Respiratory signs (71.8% of farms with clinical signs, 74/103) were most commonly reported, followed by enteric signs (32.0%, 33/103) and increased mortality (16.5%, 17/103). About 37.2% (51/137) of farmers bought antimicrobials exclusively from feed and chick traders, followed by veterinary medical stores (35.0%, 48/137). Purchasing antimicrobials from feed and chick traders was more common among broiler than layer farmers. It is recommended that commercial poultry farmers should keep records of antimicrobials used with dosage and duration of administration along with indication of use. This would allow farmers and veterinarians to review if antimicrobial usage had the desired effects and to evaluate the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents under an antimicrobial stewardship approach.

The Value of Aqueous Assessment in Diagnosing Dry Eye

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafidz Ithnin ◽  
Azrin Esmady Ariffin ◽  
Khairidzan Mohd Kama
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: The clinical evaluation of the three layers of tear film is still poorly described. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of aqueous assessment in diagnosing dry eye. Materials and method: Schirmer test with anaesthesia (STA) and tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement were conducted on non-dry eye (NDE) and dry eye (DE) subjects in this cross-sectional study. The NDE and DE subjects were classified using two types of classification; classification 1 and classification 2. Results: 321 subjects with 642 eyes were recruited in the study. STA was significantly correlated with TMH (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) in all 642 eyes. The comparison between nondry and dry eye subjects in STA and TMH were not significantly different (p > 0.05) if the Classification 1 was used to define dry eye. In Classification 2, there were significantly different between NDE (12.5 ± 8.2 mm) and DE (3.4 ± 0.8 mm) subjects in STA (p < 0.001). Similar trend was also depicted in TMH based on the definition of dry eye stated in Classification 2 (NDE = 0.45 ± 0.20 mm, DE = 0.39 ± 0.14 mm; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The value of STA and TMH were lower significantly in dry eye subjects. However, the significant outcomes were only demonstrated if the clinical signs of dryness were used in the definition of dry eye.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document