scholarly journals Classical Dynamics of Rydberg States of Muonic-Electronic Helium and Helium-Like Ions in a Weak Electric Field: Counter-Intuitive Linear Stark Effect

Dynamics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eugene Oks
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Rydberg States ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Weak Electric Field ◽  
Classical Dynamics ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Helium Atoms

According to the existing paradigm, helium atoms and helium-like ions (hereafter, heliumic systems) in a relatively weak external static electric field do not exhibit the linear Stark effect—in distinction to hydrogen atoms and hydrogen-like ions. In the present paper we consider the classical dynamics of a muonic-electronic heliumic system in Rydberg states–starting from the concept from our previous paper. We show that there are two states of the system where the averaged electric dipole moment is non-zero. Consequently, in these states the heliumic system should exhibit the linear Stark effect even in a vanishingly small electric field, which is a counter-intuitive result. We also demonstrate the possibility of controlling the overall precession of the electronic orbit by an external electric field. In particular, we show the existence of a critical value of the external electric field that would “kill” the precession and make the electronic orbit stationary. This is another counter-intuitive result. We calculate analytically the value of the critical field and show that it is typically smaller or even much smaller than 1 V/cm.

scholarly journals The stark effect of the fine-structure of hydrogen

1928 ◽  
Vol 119 (782) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Dynamics ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Weak Electric Field ◽  
Classical Dynamics ◽  
Balmer Series

One of the earliest successes of classical quantum dynamics in a field where ordinary methods had proved inadequate was the solution, by Schwarzschild and Epstein, of the problem of the hydrogen atom in an electric field. It was shown by them that under the influence of the electric field each of the energy levels in which the unperturbed atom can exist on Bohr’s original theory breaks up into a number of equidistant levels whose separation is proportional to the strength of the field. Consequently, each of the Balmer lines splits into a number of components with separations which are integral multiples of the smallest separation. The substitution of the dynamics of special relativity for classical dynamics in the problem of the unperturbed hydrogen atom led Sommerfeld to his well-known theory of the fine-structure of the levels; thus, in the absence of external fields, the state n = 1 ( n = 2 in the old notation) is found to consist of two levels very close together, and n = 2 of three, so that the line H α of the Balmer series, which arises from a transition between these states, has six fine-structure components, of which three, however, are found to have zero intensity. The theory of the Stark effect given by Schwarzschild and Epstein is adequate provided that the electric separation is so much larger than the fine-structure separation of the unperturbed levels that the latter may be regarded as single; but in weak fields, when this is no longer so, a supplementary investigation becomes necessary. This was carried out by Kramers, who showed, on the basis of Sommerfeld’s original fine-structure theory, that the first effect of a weak electric field is to split each fine-structure level into several, the separation being in all cases proportional to the square of the field so long as this is small. When the field is so large that the fine-structure is negligible in comparison with the electric separation, the latter becomes proportional to the first power of the field, in agreement with Schwarzschild and Epstein. The behaviour of a line arising from a transition between two quantum states will be similar; each of the fine-structure components will first be split into several, with a separation proportional to the square of the field; as the field increases the separations increase, and the components begin to perturb each other in a way which leads ultimately to the ordinary Stark effect.

Intersubband Transitions in Asymmetric Quantum Wells with External Electric Field

2014 ◽  
Vol 525 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Zhao Xu Liu ◽  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Si Hua Ha
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Intersubband Transitions ◽  
External Electric Fields ◽  
Asymmetric Quantum ◽  
Negative Field

The quantum-confined Stark effect on the optical absorption of intersubband transitions in an asymmetric AlxGa1-xN/In0.3Ga0.7N/GaN quantum wells is investigated by means of the density matrix formulism. The built-in electric field generated by the piezoelectric and spontaneous polarizations competing against to the external electric fields is considered. As the result, the influences of the built-in and external electric fields on the energy potentials and the eigen stares are discussed in detail. When the positive external electric field is applied, the peak values of the absorption coefficients from 3-2, 2-1 and 3-1 transitions are reduced and moved to the lower photon energy levels. With the negative field, the exactly opposite results can be obtained. Moreover, it is indicated that the results of the wavelengths from the 3-2, 2-1 and 3-1 transitions are reduced by the positive external electric field and increased by the negative field.

scholarly journals Classical Description of Resonant Charge Exchange Involving the Second Flavor of Hydrogen Atoms

Atoms ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Eugene Oks
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Theory ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Charge Exchange ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Uniform Electric Field ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Classical Description ◽  
Resonant Charge Exchange

We studied the consequences of the existence of the second flavor of hydrogen atoms (SFHA)—the existence proven by atomic experiments and evidenced by astrophysical observations—on the resonant charge exchange. We found analytically that there is indeed an important difference in the corresponding cross-sections for the SFHA compared to the usual hydrogen atoms. This difference could serve as an additional tool for distinguishing between the two kinds of hydrogen atoms in future experiments/observations. We also show that the SFHA does not exhibit any Stark effect—whether in a uniform or a non-uniform electric field—in any order of the perturbation theory.

A measurement of the electron impact ionization cross section of atomic hydrogen in the metastable 2S state

1975 ◽  
Vol 343 (1634) ◽  
pp. 333-349 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ionization Cross Section ◽  
Impact Ionization ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Weak Electric Field ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Ionization Cross

The total ionization cross section for electrons colliding with metastable 2S atoms has been measured up to 500 eV electron energy by a crossed beam technique. A beam of fast hydrogen atoms, containing about 25% in the 2S state and the rest in the IS ground state, is formed by charge capture onto protons that are passed through a caesium vapour target. Protons emerging from the target are removed from the beam by deflexion in a weak electric field. Atoms formed by capture into long-lived, high quantum states are first ionized in a topographically suitable field and then removed by deflexion in the weak field. The signal arising from electron ionization of the 2S atoms is identified by quenching them in a pulsed electric field. Contributions from other sources of extraneous ionization are eliminated by modulated beam techniques. The cross sections are determined from absolute measurements of the beam fluxes, the geometry of the interaction region and the rate at which 2S atoms are ionized. The results show that as the electron energy is raised, the ionization cross section for 2S atoms rises to a maximum at about 4 times the ionization energy of the 2S state. This maximum, about 10 -15 cm 2 , is 13 times larger than th at of the IS atoms. Comparison with various theoretical determinations indicates th at best agreement is obtained with the Born approximation which includes exchange, but below 100eV the classical Monte Carlo approximation agrees equally well with observations.

Quantum Confinement Stark Effect of Different Gainnas Quantum Well Structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 622-627
Author(s):  
Ying Ning Qiu ◽  
Wei Sheng Lu ◽  
Stephane Calvez
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Quantum Wells ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Quantum Confinement ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Electron Effective Mass ◽  
Coupled Quantum Wells ◽  
Quantum Well Structures

The quantum confinement Stark effect of three types of GaInNAs quantum wells, namely single square quantum well, stepped quantum wells and coupled quantum wells, is investigated using the band anti-crossing model. The comparison between experimental observation and modeling result validate the modeling process. The effects of the external electric field and localized N states on the quantized energy shifts of these three structures are compared and analyzed. The external electric field applied to the QW not only changes the potential profile but also modulates the localized N states, which causes band gap energy shifts and increase of electron effective mass.

Physical Analysis of Electric Field Effect on Metal-Induced Crystallization of a-Si

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 654-657
Author(s):  
Guang Wei Wang ◽  
Hong Xing Zheng ◽  
Su Ying Yao ◽  
Feng Shan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Field Strength ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Electric Field Effect ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Metal Induced Crystallization ◽  
Electromigration Effect ◽  
Lateral Crystallization ◽  
Induced Crystallization

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) film crystallized by Ni-induced lateral crystallization under static electric field was analyzed. It has been demonstrated that Ni-induced lateral crystallization of a-Si is directional with electric field. Moreover, there exists a critical value of electric field strength, below which the rate of Ni-induced lateral crystallization of a-Si increases remarkably with the increase of field strength, while above which the rate will decrease instead. This phenomenon can be interpreted well based on electromigration effect.

SPECTROSCOPY OF THE HYDROGEN AND ANTI-HYDROGEN ATOMS IN EXTERNAL FIELDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (30) ◽  
pp. 3875-3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONTI LABZOWSKY ◽  
VASILY SHARIPOV ◽  
DMITRI SOLOVYEV ◽  
GÜNTER PLUNIEN ◽  
GERHARD SOFF
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Cpt Violation ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Electric And Magnetic Fields ◽  
Lorentz Line

The spectroscopical properties of hydrogen (H) and anti-hydrogen [Formula: see text] atoms in external electric and magnetic fields are discussed. This problem became important in connection with the recent experimental success in production of [Formula: see text] atoms. The main features of these experiments are briefly reviewed. The proposals for the search of the CPT violation via comparison of the H and [Formula: see text] spectra are shortly discussed. The spectroscopical differences between H and [Formula: see text] atoms in external magnetic fields and in parallel magnetic and electric fields are described in detail. It is proven that the positions of the maxima of the frequency distributions for transition probabilities in external electric field for H and [Formula: see text] atoms will deviate if the non-resonant corrections to the Lorentz line profile are taken into account.

PERTURBED WAVEFUNCTIONS OF THE EXCITED STATES OF HYDROGEN ATOM IN STARK EFFECT

1994 ◽  
Vol 08 (06) ◽  
pp. 727-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. SAPRA ◽  
V. S. BHASIN ◽  
L. S. KOTHARI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Stark Effect ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Electric Polarizability ◽  
Perturbation Equations

We extend the procedure originally suggested by Dalgarno and Lewis in studying the second-order Stark effect for the ground-state hydrogen atom to the excited states. We solve the perturbation equations for the excited states of hydrogen atom placed in an external electric field to obtain expressions for the perturbed wavefunctions. Here the emphasis is on studying in detail the nature of the perturbed wavefunction rather than energy shifts as investigated in most of the attempts made so far. The effect of the electric field on these wavefunctions is analysed and the values of the electric polarizability of the hydrogen atom in the excited states obtained in this way are compared with the earlier work.

Comment on “Dispersion Interaction between Two Hydrogen Atoms in a Static Electric Field”

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Abrantes ◽  
V. Pessanha ◽  
C. Farina ◽  
Reinaldo de Melo e Souza
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Dispersion Interaction ◽  
Static Electric Field ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms
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