scholarly journals An Objective Prior from a Scoring Rule

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Walker ◽  
Cristiano Villa
Keyword(s):  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Score Function ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Bregman Divergence ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Objective Prior ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Information Divergence ◽  
Do So

In this paper, we introduce a novel objective prior distribution levering on the connections between information, divergence and scoring rules. In particular, we do so from the starting point of convex functions representing information in density functions. This provides a natural route to proper local scoring rules using Bregman divergence. Specifically, we determine the prior which solves setting the score function to be a constant. Although in itself this provides motivation for an objective prior, the prior also minimizes a corresponding information criterion.

Quel corpus pour l’étude du dialecte niçois ?

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Philippe Del Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Descriptive Grammar ◽  
Written Production ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Social Use ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In ◽  
Do So

Abstract A new project has just been launched to write a synchronic, descriptive grammar of Niçois, the Occitan dialect of Nice. In this article, I define the corpus of the research. To do so, I first review written production from the Middle Ages to the present. I then analyze the linguistic features of Niçois over time, in order to determine the precise starting point of the current language state. But because of reinforced normativism and the decreasing social use of Niçois among the educated population, written language after WWII became artificial and does not really correspond to recordings made in the field. The corpus will thus be composed of writings from the 1820’s to WWII and recordings from the last few decades.

scholarly journals Ekklesia and Ecumenism in the Body of Christ: Unity from the Ground-Up

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Anastasia Wendlinder
Keyword(s):  
Faith Community ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theological Reflection ◽  
Body Of Christ ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
Do So

This article explores the implications for Christian unity from the perspective of the lived faith community, the ekklesia. While bilateral and multilateral dialogues have borne great fruit in bringing Christian denominations closer together, as indeed it will continue to do so, considering how the ecclesiological identity of the faith community both forms and reflects its members may be helpful in moving forward in our ecumenical efforts. This calls for a ground-up approach as opposed to a top-down approach. By “ground-up” it is meant that the starting point for theological reflection on ecumenism begins not with doctrine but with praxis, particularly as it relates to the common believer in the pew. The ecclesiological model “Body of Christ” provides a helpful vocabulary in this exploration for a number of reasons, none the least that it is scripturally-based, presumes diversity and employs concrete imagery relating to everyday life. Further, “Body of Christ” language is used by numerous Christian denominations in their statements of self-identity, regardless of where they lie on the doctrinal or political spectrum. In this article, potential benefits and challenges of this ground-up perspective will be considered, and a way forward will be proposed to promote ecumenical unity across denomination borders.

Bayesian theory based software reliability demonstration test method for safety critical software

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
YUMEI WU ◽  
RISHENG YANG ◽  
HAIFENG LI ◽  
MINYA LU
Keyword(s):  
Software Reliability ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Density Functions ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Safety Critical ◽  
Decreasing Functions

The original software reliability demonstration test (SRDT) does not take adequate account of prior knowledge or the prior distribution, which can lead to an expensive use of many resources. In the current paper, we propose a new improved Bayesian based SRDT method. We begin by constructing a framework for the SRDT scheme, then we use decreasing functions to construct the prior distribution density functions for both discrete and continuous safety-critical software, and then present schemes for both discrete and continuous Bayesian software demonstration functions (which we call DBSDF and CBSDF, respectively). We have carried out a set of experiments comparing our new schemes with the classic demonstration testing scheme on several published data sets. The results reveal that the DBSDF and CBSDF schemes are both more efficient and more applicable, and this is especially the case for safety-critical software with high reliability requirements.

scholarly journals Relating Logic and Relating Semantics. History, Philosophical Applications and Some of Technical Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-577
Author(s):  
Tomasz Jarmużek ◽  
Francesco Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Research Directions ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
Direct Incorporation ◽  
Do So

Here, we discuss historical, philosophical and technical problems associated with relating logic and relating semantics. To do so, we proceed in three steps. First, Section 1 is devoted to providing an introduction to both relating logic and relating semantics. Second, we address the history of relating semantics and some of the main research directions and their philosophical applications. Third, we discuss some technical problems related to relating semantics, particularly whether the direct incorporation of the relation into the language of relating logic is needed. The starting point for our considerations presented here is the 1st Workshop On Relating Logic and the selected papers for this issue.

scholarly journals Imagens do fogo no Pantanal: reflexões acerca dos simbolismos na fotografia ambiental de Araquém Alcântara

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (28) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Rayane Lacerda ◽  
Anelise Angeli De Carli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Do So

Tomando a civilização da imagem como ponto de partida, o artigo discute as particularidades da fotografia ambiental no que tange a experiência através da imagem, o (re)encantamento do mundo pela via da imaginação e as questões ambientais que cercam as queimadas ocorridas no Pantanal, em 2020. Para tanto, faz uma leitura simbólica das fotografias de Araquém Alcântara sobre o acontecimento em questão, investigando as estratégias de enfrentamento do mundo construídas pelo imaginário antropológico. Conclui-se que o fotógrafo faz uso de uma estratégia combativa, buscando compensar a narrativa destruidora ao exaltar as belezas brasileiras.Images of fire in the Pantanal: reflections on symbolism in environmental photography by Araquém AlcântaraAbstractTaking the civilization of image as a starting point, the article discusses the particularities of environmental photography regarding the experience through the image, the (re)enchantment of the world through the imagination and the environmental issues surrounding the fires that occurred in the Pantanal, in 2020. To do so, it makes a symbolic reading of the photographs by Araquém Alcântara about the event in question, investigating the strategies for confronting the world constructed by the anthropological imaginary. It is concluded that the photographer uses a combative strategy, seeking to compensate the destructive narrative by exalting the Brazilian beauties.Keywords: Photography; image; imaginary; Araquém Alcântara; environment.

An overview of quantitative instruments and measures for impact in coproduction

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen MacGregor
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Impact Measurement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Do So

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the quantitative measurement tools used in fields of study related to coproduction, as an approach to mobilizing knowledge, in order to inform the measurement of impact.Design/methodology/approachAn overview methodology was used to synthesize the findings from prior instrument reviews, focusing on the contexts in which measurement tools have been used, the main constructs and content themes of the tools, and the extent to which the tools display promising psychometric and pragmatic qualities.FindingsEight identified reviews described 441 instruments and measures designed to capture various aspects of knowledge being mobilized among diverse research stakeholders, with 291 (66%) exhibiting relevance for impact measurement.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies that measure aspects of coproduction need to engage more openly and critically with psychometric and pragmatic considerations when designing, implementing and reporting on measurement tools.Practical implicationsTwenty-seven tools with strong measurement properties for evidencing impact in coproduction were identified, offering a starting point for scholars and practitioners engaging in partnered approaches to research, such as in professional learning networks.Originality/valueCurrent quantitative approaches to measuring the impacts of coproduction are failing to do so in ways that are meaningful, consistent, rigorous, reproducible and equitable. This paper provides a first step to addressing this issue by exploring promising measurement tools from fields of study with theoretical similarities to coproduction.

scholarly journals The Nature and Limits of the Duty of Rescue

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-341
Author(s):  
David Miller
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fair Procedure ◽  
Do So

Virtually everyone believes that we have a duty to rescue fellow human-beings from serious danger when we can do so at small cost to ourselves – and this often forms the starting point for arguments in moral and political philosophy on topics such as global poverty, state legitimacy, refugees, and the donation of body parts. But how are we to explain this duty, and within what limits does it apply? It cannot be subsumed under a wider consequentialist requirement to prevent harm. Nor can it be understood as a duty of social justice that citizens owe to one another under a social contract for mutual protection. Instead it is a sui generis duty of justice that arises from the direct physical encounter between rescuer and victim, and is accordingly limited in scope. However the simplicity of the duty evaporates when multiple potential rescuers are present. Here responsibility lies with the collective as a whole until it is assigned by a fair procedure to individual members. Each individual is required as a matter of justice to discharge that share, but not more, though in the case that others do not comply, he will have a reason, and sometimes a humanitarian duty, to take up the slack.

Looking for a Starting Point—The Eleatic Paradox Put to Good Use

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-88
Author(s):  
Michel Crubellier
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Squaring The Circle ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Do So

This chapter starts the discussion about principles that runs throughout book I, as well as the discussion about Melissus and Parmenides that continues in chapter 3. It raises the paradoxical question of how to arrive at the principles of natural philosophy and how to establish that these are indeed the sought-after principles. In order to do so, Aristotle inquires into Eleatism, the position that denies the very existence of nature: this means that the best way to the principles might be discovered by taking on those who utterly reject them. That explains the equally paradoxical move of discussing the theses of people with whom it would seem impossible to discuss since they do not agree on the basics. Yet that can be done through the specific dialectical tactics of lusis. Certain ancient attempts at squaring the circle, mentioned in the course of the argument, are dealt with in Appendix I.

scholarly journals Proper scoring rules and Bregman divergence

Bernoulli ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeni Y. Ovcharov
Keyword(s):  
Scoring Rules ◽  
Bregman Divergence ◽  
Proper Scoring Rules
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document