scholarly journals The Matter of Time

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Arto Annila
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Stationary State ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Optimal Paths ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time

About a century ago, in the spirit of ancient atomism, the quantum of light was renamed the photon to suggest that it is the fundamental element of everything. Since the photon carries energy in its period of time, a flux of photons inexorably embodies a flow of time. Thus, time comprises periods as a trek comprises legs. The flows of quanta naturally select optimal paths (i.e., geodesics) to level out energy differences in the least amount of time. The corresponding flow equations can be written, but they cannot be solved. Since the flows affect their driving forces, affecting the flows, and so on, the forces (i.e., causes) and changes in motions (i.e., consequences) are inseparable. Thus, the future remains unpredictable. However, it is not all arbitrary but rather bounded by free energy. Eventually, when the system has attained a stationary state where forces tally, there are no causes and no consequences. Since there are no energy differences between the system and its surroundings, the quanta only orbit on and on. Thus, time does not move forward either but circulates.

scholarly journals The Matter of Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Annila
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Stationary State ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Optimal Paths ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time

About a century ago, in the spirit of ancient atomism, the quantum of light was renamed the photon to suggest its primacy as the fundamental element of everything. Since the photon carries energy in its period of time, a flux of photons inexorably embodies a flow of time. Time comprises periods as a trek comprises legs. The flows of quanta naturally select optimal paths, i.e., geodesics, to level out energy differences in the least time. While the flow equation can be written, it cannot be solved because the flows affect their driving forces, affecting the flows, and so on. As the forces, i.e., causes, and changes in motions, i.e., consequences, cannot be separated, the future remains unpredictable, however not all arbitrary but bounded by free energy. Eventually, when the system has attained a stationary state, where forces tally, there are no causes and no consequences. Then time does not advance as the quanta only orbit on and on.

On the Limits of Time in the Brain

KronoScope ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
Rémy Lestienne
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Inner Sense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
Nested Hierarchy ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
The Brain

Abstract J.T. Fraser used to emphasize the uniqueness of the human brain in its capacity for apprehending the various dimensions of “nootemporality” (Fraser 1982 and 1987). Indeed, our brain allows us to sense the flow of time, to measure delays, to remember past events or to predict future outcomes. In these achievements, the human brain reveals itself far superior to its animal counterpart. Women and men are the only beings, I believe, who are able to think about what they will do the next day. This is because such a thought implies three intellectual abilities that are proper to mankind: the capacity to take their own thoughts as objects of their thinking, the ability of mental time travels—to the past thanks to their episodic memory or to the future—and the possibility to project very far into the future, as a consequence of their enlarged and complexified forebrain. But there are severe limits to our timing abilities of which we are often unaware. Our sensibility to the passing time, like other of our intellectual abilities, is often competing with other brain functions, because they use at least in part the same neural networks. This is particularly the case regarding attention. The deeper the level of attention required, the looser is our perception of the flow of time. When we pay attention to something, when we fix our attention, then our inner sense of the flux of time freezes. This limitation should not sound too unfamiliar to the reader of J.T. Fraser who wrote in his book Time, Conflict, and Human Values (1999) about “time as a nested hierarchy of unresolvable conflicts.”

scholarly journals КОМУНІКАТИВНА АНТИЦИПАЦІЯ ЯК ОСОБИСТІСНИЙ ВИМІР ТВОРЧОСТІ ДИТИНИ У ВЗАЄМОДІЇ З ОТОЧУЮЧИМИ

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11(51)) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Михальська С. А.
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Future ◽  
Linguistic Behavior

Antitrust, which provides a key way to identify the driving forces for self- development and the development of speech behavior have been examined in this article. Some aspects of the influence of antitrust in the social interaction of the child with the environment in various situations of uncertainty and familiar content, the importance of creative achievements of the communicative-speech development of the senior preschooler on the growth of conscious self-regulation of linguistic behavior have been confirmed here. It has been proved that one of the lines of personal potential development is the speech behavior of the child and the presence of creative driving force - antitrust, aimed at creating of the future result of the interaction and making decisions on the subsequent course of the communicative situation based on this image. It has been affirmed that the general mental development of the child, the formation of «preschool maturity» is the base ground for the manifestation of creativity, in particular in communicative activities and the development of antitrusting capabilities of the child as a manifestation of «anticipation of the future», designing as creative prediction, creating images of future activities. It has been made a conclusion concluded that inheritance of cultural traditions, although it provides a person with a tool for the implementation of linguistic communication, but without forming a creative imagination destroys effective meaningful personality traits: integrity, uniqueness, activity, expression, openness, self-development, self-regulation.

Social Interaction Technologies and the Future of Blogging

2012 ◽  
pp. 249-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Dumova
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Future ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
The Web

In an age of user-generated content, multimedia sharing sites, and customized news aggregators, an assortment of Internet-based social interaction technologies transforms the Web and its users. A quintessential embodiment of social interaction technologies, blogs are widely used by people across diverse geographies to locate information, create and share content, initiate conversations, and collaborate and interact with others in various settings. This chapter surveys the global blogosphere landscape for the latest trends and developments in order to evaluate the overall direction that blogging might take in the future. The author posits that network-based peer production and social media convergence are the driving forces behind the current transformation of blogs. The participatory and inclusive nature of social interaction technologies makes blogging a medium of choice for disseminating user-driven content and particularly suitable for bottom-up grassroots initiatives, creativity, and innovation.

scholarly journals Study of the Modified Logistic Model of Chinese Electricity Consumption Based on the Change of the GDP Growth Rate under the Economic New Normal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xin Cui ◽  
Wenhui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Gdp Growth Rate ◽  
The Future ◽  
Industry Layout

In the context of the new normal, the global economy is entering a deep adjustment period, and the driving forces of development are also constantly changing. As a result, China’s economy has also entered a “new normal” phase in which it is growing in a manageable and relatively balanced manner. In addition, the new normal characteristics of the power industry’s development in China are also very significant, and they affect the adaptability of traditional power forecasting methods. By analyzing the new characteristics of China’s economic development and the changing electricity demand in recent years, this paper quantitatively studied the effect of the national economy on the consumption of electricity. Meanwhile, a modified logistic model based on the change of the gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is constructed to make a reasonable prediction of the future power consumption in China. Subsequently, by calculating the elasticity of electricity consumption in the future, it is found that the coefficient decreases each year, which indicates that electricity consumption in China is following a new trend. Based on the research results, this paper proposes rational suggestions for China’s power development, and they are expected to provide references for the power planning and power industry layout in China.

scholarly journals The Principle of Population for the 21st Century: The Never Coming Stationary State

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Machay
Keyword(s):  
Stationary State ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
Space Sciences ◽  
Means Of Production

Abstract Forward-thinking is one of the most enchanting areas in economics. While Malthus and Ricardo agreed on the gloomy vision of the future, Mill described the wider stationary state and foresaw it in a more optimistic way. Space sciences and improvements in our technology provided us with the solution decades ago, although economics have not noticed this possible solution of the classical stationary state until now. This article incorporates this knowledge into economics. Calories integrate the supply of means of production and the demand for means of consumption in one market. The stationary state could come only if the demand for means of subsistence grows faster than the supply of means of production. Increasing scarcity of free calories exceeding the minimal required volume of it preventing the malnutrition and death will push the calorie price up while economy will move towards the stationary state. But where to get the land when the very last piece of it - even the deserts - will have been already cultivated? Increasing scarcity of land opens possibility for firms to make profit from producing land. Thus, the classical stationary state is only an illusion.

Comparison of driving forces in sustainable food production and the future of plant biotechnology in Switzerland and China

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 416-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Ping Xie ◽  
Lillian Auberson-Huang ◽  
Pia Malnoë ◽  
Huarong Yao ◽  
Othmar Kaeppeli
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Sustainable Food Production ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Opinion leader empowered patients about the era of digital health: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e025267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertalan Meskó ◽  
Nóra Radó ◽  
Zsuzsa Győrffy
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Patient Empowerment ◽  
Opinion Leader ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Physician Patient Relationship ◽  
Qualitative Interview Study ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physician Patient

ObjectivesWe aimed to explore the opinion leader empowered patients’ relationship with their medical professionals, their experiences and beliefs about technologies, and how they see the future. We also attempted to determine whether technologies, the access to it or patient empowerment are the main driving forces behind these changes.DesignA qualitative interview study analysed with interpretative phenomenological analysis.SettingAll interviews were conducted and recorded individually with the same trained interviewer via a Skype call.ParticipantsThe study is based on qualitative, semistructured interviews with 11 opinion leader empowered patients from six countries including UK, USA, Australia, Sweden, South Africa and Ireland.ResultsWe identified four superordinate themes emerging from e-patients’ experiences: (1) impact of technology, (2) the meaning of empowerment, (3) the changing physician–patient relationship and (4) expectations for the future. The relationship e-patients have with their physicians is based on efficient communication, proactivity, the desire for asking questions and the use of technologies. The interviews have shown that the rapid development of technology has fundamentally changed the lives of these e-patients, and technology eventually is transforming the physician–patient relationship into a partnership. Regarding the future of the physician–patient partnership, e-patients emphasised that change will rather be cultural than technological.ConclusionsThe interviews have shown that cooperation between technology and healthcare is not enough on its own: the most decisive factor is the return of the human touch and reciprocal communication. All of these suggest that technology is an important ally in the ‘renaissance of medicine’ that starts to treat patients as it should have always had.

scholarly journals On the beneficent thickness of water

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 20190061 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Branscomb ◽  
M. J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Anomalous Behaviour ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Far From Equilibrium

In the 1930s, Lars Onsager published his famous ‘reciprocal relations’ describing free energy conversion processes. Importantly, these relations were derived on the assumption that the fluxes of the processes involved in the conversion were proportional to the forces (free energy gradients) driving them. For chemical reactions, however, this condition holds only for systems operating close to equilibrium—indeed very close; nominally requiring driving forces to be smaller than k B T . Fairly soon thereafter, however, it was quite inexplicably observed that in at least some biological conversions both the reciprocal relations and linear flux–force dependency appeared to be obeyed no matter how far from equilibrium the system was being driven. No successful explanation of how this ‘paradoxical’ behaviour could occur has emerged and it has remained a mystery. We here argue, however, that this anomalous behaviour is simply a gift of water, of its viscosity in particular; a gift, moreover, without which life almost certainly could not have emerged. And a gift whose appreciation we primarily owe to recent work by Prof. R. Dean Astumian who, as providence has kindly seen to it, was led to the relevant insights by the later work of Onsager himself.

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