scholarly journals Palindromic Vectors, Symmetropy and Symmentropy as Symmetry Descriptors of Binary Data

Entropy ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Girault ◽  
Sébastien Ménigot

Today, the palindromic analysis of biological sequences, based exclusively on the study of “mirror” symmetry properties, is almost unavoidable. However, other types of symmetry, such as those present in friezes, could allow us to analyze binary sequences from another point of view. New tools, such as symmetropy and symmentropy, based on new types of palindromes allow us to discriminate binarized 1/f noise sequences better than Lempel–Ziv complexity. These new palindromes with new types of symmetry also allow for better discrimination of binarized DNA sequences. A relative error of 6% of symmetropy is obtained from the HUMHBB and YEAST1 DNA sequences. A factor of 4 between the slopes obtained from the linear fits of the local symmentropies for the two DNA sequences shows the discriminative capacity of the local symmentropy. Moreover, it is highlighted that a certain number of these new palindromes of sizes greater than 30 bits are more discriminating than those of smaller sizes assimilated to those from an independent and identically distributed random variable.

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1340004
Author(s):  
APARNA NARENDRA BHALE ◽  
MANISH RATNAKAR JOSHI

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women. If a cancer can be detected early, the options of treatment and the chances of total recovery will increase. From a woman's point of view, the procedure practiced (compression of breasts to record an image) to obtain a digital mammogram (DM) is exactly the same that is used to obtain a screen film mammogram (SFM). The quality of DM is undoubtedly better than SFM. However, obtaining DM is costlier and very few institutions can afford DM machines. According to the National Cancer Institute 92% of breast imaging centers in India do not have digital mammography machines and they depend on the conventional SFM. Hence in this context, one should answer "Can SFM be enhanced up to a level of DM?" In this paper, we discuss our experimental analysis in this regard. We applied elementary image enhancement techniques to obtain enhanced SFM. We performed the quality analysis of DM and enhanced SFM using standard metrics like PSNR and RMSE on more than 350 mammograms. We also used mean opinion score (MOS) analysis to evaluate enhanced SFMs. The results showed that the clarity of processed SFM is as good as DM. Furthermore, we analyzed the extent of radiation exposed during SFM and DM. We presented our literally findings and clinical observations.


2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Berenguer ◽  
Carles Corral ◽  
Rafael Sánchez-Diezma ◽  
Daniel Sempere-Torres

Abstract Nowcasting precipitation is a key element in the anticipation of floods in warning systems. In this framework, weather radars are very useful because of the high resolution of their measurements both in time and space. The aim of this study is to assess the performance of a recently proposed nowcasting technique (S-PROG) from a hydrological point of view in a Mediterranean environment. S-PROG is based on the advection of weather radar fields according to the motion field derived with an algorithm based on tracking radar echoes by correlation (TREC), and it has the ability of filtering out the most unpredictable scales of these fields as the forecasting time increases. Validation of this nowcasting technique was done from two different perspectives: (i) comparing forecasted precipitation fields against radar measurements, and (ii) by means of a distributed rainfall runoff model, comparing hydrographs simulated with a hydrological model using rainfall fields forecasted by S-PROG against hydrographs generated with the model using the entire series of radar measurements. In both cases, results obtained by a simpler nowcasting technique are used as a reference to evaluate improvements. Validation showed that precipitation fields forecasted with S-PROG seem to be better than fields forecasted using simpler techniques. Additionally, hydrological validation led the authors to point out that the use of radar-based nowcasting techniques allows the anticipation window in which flow estimates are forecasted with enough quality to be sensibly extended.


Author(s):  
J. H. Orton ◽  
D. Bartley Stevenson

The spatfall in 1924, as in 1923, was very slight and from the point of view of the oyster-producer was a failure, and was little better in 1922.The growth of oysters in the summer of 1924 was unusually great; this has had the effect of bringing a large proportion of small oysters to a legally takeable size.The dredging results have, therefore, been much better than they were expected to be in the season of 1924–25, but the effect has been to deplete the beds still more of reserve stocks of small.Practically all the present stocks of small oysters are of a size between 2 and 2½ inches.With only average growth in 1925 and 1926 a large majority of these small oysters will have attained a size which will not pass through a 2½-inch ring; hence the beds are in a dangerous state.If, therefore, dredging continues under the present conditions, almost the whole of the present stock of small will have grown to large oysters and be cleared off the beds in the season of 1926–27.It is shown that although oysters may grow to a size of 2½ inches at Falmouth in small numbers in three summers, yet four summers are required before a fair proportion of spat can be expected to attain a size of 2½ inches.


1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Markham Kahn

In his recent paper, “An Attempt to Determine the Optimum Amount of Stop Loss Reinsurance”, presented to the XVIth International Congress of Actuaries, Dr. Karl Borch considers the problem of minimizing the variance of the total claims borne by the ceding insurer. Adopting this variance as a measure of risk, he considers as the most efficient reinsurance scheme that one which serves to minimize this variance. If x represents the amount of total claims with distribution function F (x), he considers a reinsurance scheme as a transformation of F (x). Attacking his problem from a different point of view, we restate and prove it for a set of transformations apparently wider than that which he allows.The process of reinsurance substitutes for the amount of total claims x a transformed value Tx as the liability of the ceding insurer, and hence a reinsurance scheme may be described by the associated transformation T of the random variable x representing the amount of total claims, rather than by a transformation of its distribution as discussed by Borch. Let us define an admissible transformation as a Lebesgue-measurable transformation T such thatwhere c is a fixed number between o and m = E (x). Condition (a) implies that the insurer will never bear an amount greater than the actual total claims. In condition (b), c represents the reinsurance premium, assumed fixed, and is equal to the expected value of the difference between the total amount of claims x and the total retained amount of claims Tx borne by the insurer.


2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569
Author(s):  
Euro Roberto Detomini ◽  
Brendan Power ◽  
José Antônio Frizzone

In order to support the theoretical basis and contribute to the improvement of educational capability issues relating to irrigation systems design, this point of view presents an alternative deduction of the variance of the discharge as a bidimensional and independent random variable. Then a subsequent brief application of an existing model is applied for statistical design of laterals in micro-irrigation. The better manufacturing precision of emitters allows lengthening a lateral for a given soil slope, although this does not necessarily mean that the statistical uniformity throughout the lateral will be more homogenous.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-174
Author(s):  
Siti Atikah ◽  
Intan Rakhmawati ◽  
Baiq Rosyida Dwi Astuti ◽  
D.Tialurra Della Nabila

This study aims to evaluate Siskeudes V2.0. R.0.1., from the system and its output, which is also analyzed is related to the measurement of efficiency and effectiveness of the use of village funds. Data collection is done by evaluating the application system, and calculating the financial ratio of siskeudes application output, in villages in West Lombok Regency. In terms of system evaluation, as a connection effect between the planning and budgeting stages, implementation and administration, to financial reporting, traceability and connectivity Siskeudes V2.0 R.0.1. better than Siskeudes V1.0.R1.06. The existence of the Activity Package in budgeting and implementing expenditures also makes it easier for the village government to make village financial statements. From the point of view of the village government, the average person has been able to estimate the using of funds and allocation in the activities field. Thus, the ability of the village government in West Lombok Regency in estimating routine expenditures and village capital expenditures (harmony), which has an effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of village funds, has been good. As a suggestion, because there is no automatic measurement of financial efficiency and effectiveness in Siskeudes to measure the financial performance of village governments, researchers advised the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Home Affairs to draw up regulations for calculating village financial ratios, as well as integrate them in Siskeudes applications.


Author(s):  
Neema Parvini

This chapter, which concludes Shakespeare’s Moral Compass, finds that all six of Jonathan Haidt’s moral foundations – authority, loyalty, fairness, sanctity, care, and liberty – are registered in Shakespeare’s plays, but they do not function independently of each other. Rather, they form an interlocking set of principles which together we can call “Shakespeare’s Moral Compass”. These interlocking principles can coalesce to form positive or negative outcomes: the “Virtuous Circle” or the “Vicious Circle”. It argues that for all his undoubted complexity, there are four simple lessons that run through all of Shakespeare’s plays: first, there is always a choice, it is never too late to choose to do the right thing. Second, the responsibility ultimately stops with you, because there is no divine or cosmic justice that will otherwise intervene; accordingly do not expect rewards or recognition for your good deeds. Third, we should not write anyone off, but rather make an effort to understand where they coming from, and try to see things from their point of view, because empathy and compassion are better than hatred, both morally and consequentially. Fourth, if we feel hard done by or slighted by unfairness, mercy is better than revenge both morally and consequentially.


John Rawls ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
Rainer Forst

John Rawls famously claimed that “the accidents of natural endowment and the contingencies of social circumstance” are “arbitrary from a moral point of view.” Luck egalitarians believe that a conception of justice that eliminates the effects of circumstance but not of choice captures that intuition better than Rawls’s own principles of justice. This chapter argues that the opposite is the case. We can learn from Rawls that one cannot overcome moral arbitrariness in social life by using a morally arbitrary distinction between choice and circumstance. Furthermore, the chapter argues that the incompatibility between these two approaches points to a deeper difference between a deontological and a teleological paradigm that is crucial for the debate between relational and nonrelational notions of political and social justice.


1989 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 635-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Stetson

AbstractThere are many factors which make it difficult to relate instrumental CCD photometry to a fundamental standard system with an accuracy much better than about 1%. Here I will address only three of them: (1) infrared leaks in the filters; (2) the finite opening and closing times of mechanical shutters; and (3) changes in the air mass for long integrations. I will be approaching these subjects from the point of view of a visiting astronomer at someone else’s observatory, who gets three or four nights of observing time a year, and has only the afternoons preceding those nights to perform whatever tests can be carried out while the equipment sits on the telescope.


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