The Intra-EU Value Chain: An Approach to Its Economic Dimension and Environmental Impact

This paper aims to analyze the economic dimension and environmental impact of intra-EU value-added generation linked to global value chains (GVCs) through input-output analysis. For this purpose, information has been collected from TiVA (Trade in Value Added, OECD) and Eora databases for the years 2005 and 2015. From an economic perspective, the results point to a strengthening of the value-added generated within Factory Europe. From an environmental perspective, all EU28 members have reduced their exports-related impacts in intensity-emissions terms, but not all of them in the same degree. An approach to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) has also been carried out through a panel data model. The results show a positive impact of the participation in intra-EU value chain (Factory Europe) on CO2 emissions per capita. Further, an inverted U-shaped curve for CO2 emissions is found for the period 2005–15. In this sense, European economies with lower development levels (many Eastern and Southern countries) seem to be still on the rising segment of the curve, while the more developed ones seem to be on the decreasing segment. These results highlight the need to design global monitoring and prevention mechanisms to tackle growing environmental challenges and the need to incorporate specific actions associated with the GVCs activity.

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Analisis Dampak Hilirisasi Industri Kakao di Indonesia

Jurnal Akuntansi Maranatha ◽

10.28932/jam.v12i1.2287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 99-108

Author(s):

Sebastian Hadinata ◽

Maria Merry Marianti

Keyword(s):

National Economy ◽

Value Chain ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

Literature Study ◽

Processing Industry ◽

Industrial Structures ◽

Business Opportunities ◽

The Impact

Cocoa is one of Indonesia’s plantation commodity that is important for the national economy. Cocoa plays a role in encouraging regional development and agro-industry. The purpose of this study was to find out the cocoa value chain in Indonesia and find out the impact of the downstream cocoa processing industry in Indonesia. The method used is literature study. The results of the analysis show that the downstreaming of the cocoa processing industry has a positive impact on Indonesia, the benefits of which are getting value added of raw material products, strengthening industrial structures, providing employment, attracting investors, and providing business opportunities in Indonesia.

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A Road to the Recognition of Home-Workers: Transformation of POS Production Modes and Roles of Home-workers in Batik Industry in Central Java (Case Study in Cluster Batik in Central Java)

SALASIKA: Indonesian Journal of Gender, Women, Child, and Social Inclusion's Studies ◽

10.36625/sj.v1i1.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Arianti Ina R. Hunga

Keyword(s):

Product Development ◽

Value Chain ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Global Market ◽

Production Costs ◽

Transformation Model ◽

Central Java ◽

Public Areas ◽

Home Workers

Home-work (HW) in the putting-out system (POS)-based industry is the real proof of global capitalism existence in domestic space. It utilizes house resources and manipulates the domestic area to keep production costs low in order to compete in the global market. POS and HW become paradoxical as they are widely employed and categorized as strategic commodity production, market their products to the global market, and involve certain skills, creativity and technology. Nevertheless, the facts are obscured from public eyes. Efforts to uncover the obscured facts have been done through POS and HW transformation strategies, which are described in this paper. The paper aims at promoting POS and HW into public areas. The data used were gathered through participatory action research on batik industry based on "putting-out" system in cluster batik in Central Java from gender perspectives. The transformation model was used to promote POS and HW and to seek recognition of the facts that were based on system advantages and capacity enhancement of home-workers while enhancing product values through “fair trade” market. The implemented model has four components, namely: 1) development of innovation and technology that focused on product development, production, and marketing on the alternative market; 2) innovation and technological transfer in product development for better value chain and value added; 3) engineering and strengthening of production institutionalization, which is based on POS clusters; 4) engineering and strengthening of marketing institutionalization of alternative market; and 5) development and strengthening of vocal points that are related to and in support of the implementation. This model gave out positive impact on supporting the implementation of POS and POS roles and promoting this reality. As a model, however, this transformation model needed to be developed that it might be disseminated to a larger scale.

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PERAN INDONESIA DALAM RANTAI NILAI GLOBAL PRODUK ELEKTRONIK

JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN ◽

10.29244/jekp.4.1.2015.49-70 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-70

Author(s):

Rizki Putri Nurdiati ◽

Rina Oktaviani ◽

Sahara Sahara

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Value Chain ◽

Value Added ◽

Global Value Chain ◽

Global Integration ◽

Input Output ◽

Electronic Industry ◽

Output Analysis ◽

Input Output Analysis ◽

Manufacture Sector

Globalization has transformed the structure of industry into global integration of socalled global value chains (GVCs). Some literatures suggest that electronic industry is known as a successful industry in establishing global value chain. Electronic industry is one of leading cluster in driving economic growth in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the role of Indonesia in electronic global value chain according to its share towards global electronic industry, linkages, and value added distribution. An input output analysis by using the Asian International Input Output Table 2005 was employed to analyze the share of each country in electronic global value chain, inter-sector linkages, value added, also output and income multiplier. The result showed that Indonesia had low participation in electronic global value chain. Indonesia’s output share was the lowest among all countries which resulted in low valueadded acquisition. Indonesia played the role as the input user from the various sectors. It is suggested that Indonesia electronic manufacture sector should be integrated with the input supplier sectors. Electronic computing equipment sector can be the main priority in enhancing Indonesia electronic manufacture sector since it has the biggest effect to economic growth. Keywords: electronic, global value chain, Indonesia, input output analysis

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ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI UBI KAYU (Manihot esculeta crantz) DI KABUPATEN PATI

Caraka Tani Journal of Sustainable Agriculture ◽

10.20961/carakatani.v31i2.11954 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Donny Puja Puspito ◽

Kusnandar Kusnandar ◽

Nuning Setyowati

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Research Method ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Value Added ◽

Cassava Starch ◽

Added Value ◽

Snowball Sampling ◽

Analytical Research ◽

Marketing Margins

<p><em>This study aimed to analyze the value chain mapping, governance, improvement of value chain and marketing margins cassava in Pati regency. The basic method used descriptive analytical research. The method of determining the location of the research method and the purposive sampling method is done by snowball sampling with 18 respondents. The results showed there are three models of the value chain by five actors, namely farmers, penebas, grinders, realtor, and collectors flour. Value-added activities conducted on cassava farmers, grinders and collectors. While penebas and brokers act as a liaison between value chain actors. Governance cassava value chain is analyzed through three approaches namely coordination structures, rules and regulations, and provider of information and services. The increase in the value chain are identified in several aspects of increase of processes, products, and functions. Enhanced functions effectively needs to be done because it will produce a positive impact on the actors of the value chain. Grinder has a marketing margin of RP 3300 / kg, meaning that most large margin than other players because it has many activities ranging from wet to cassava starch that have added value. While the perpetrators of broker only has a margin of RP 20 / kg for his activities only as an intermediary without any added value from the starch itself.</em></p>

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CO2 Emissions and Economic Growth of SAARC Countries: Evidence from a Panel VAR Analysis

World Journal of Applied Economics ◽

10.22440/econworld.j.2015.1.2.sp.0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 23 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sweety Pandey ◽

Mrutyunjaya Mishra

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Unit Root Test ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Panel Var ◽

Impulse Response Functions ◽

Test Panel ◽

Dynamic Framework ◽

Integration Test

The paper examined the causality in both static and dynamic framework between CO2 emissions and economic growth of SAARC countries over the period 1972-2010 using panel approach. The paper presents the facts obtained on the basis of panel unit root test, panel-co-integration test , panel VECM and Impulse Response functions (IRFs) and Variance decomposition (VDs). IRFs and VDs analysis indicate that CO2 emissions, GDP have positive impact on each other. The result from the application of VECM analysis suggests unidirectional causality running from economic growth to CO2 emissions. The result found contradicts the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis.

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Does income inequality matter for CO2 emissions in Russian regions?

Equilibrium ◽

10.24136/eq.2021.019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 533-551

Author(s):

Natalia Davidson ◽

Oleg Mariev ◽

Sophia Turkanova

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Income Inequality ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽

Value Added ◽

International Perspective ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Russian Regions ◽

Fixed And Random Effects ◽

The Impact

Research background: Intensive economic growth in Russian regions during recent decades has been associated with numerous environmental issues, particularly increasing CO2 emissions, as well as income inequality. To achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to resolve these issues. Purpose of the article: To shed light on the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions based on Russian regional data covering the years 2004?2018. Methods: Gini index and decile dispersion ratio are used to measure income inequality. To study the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions in the Russian regions, we estimate econometric models with fixed and random effects and apply GMM method. We test the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve to determine the impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions. Findings & value added: The results show that CO2 emissions increase in tandem with growth in income inequality between 10% of people with the lowest income and 10% of people with the highest income. Simultaneously, CO2 emissions decrease with growth of Gini coefficient. The hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve was confirmed based on GMM method. Our findings underscore that the activities of the extraction and manufacturing sectors, as well as energy consumption, increase CO2 emissions. The chief significance of this paper is the finding that large income gap between extremely rich and extremely poor population cohorts increases CO2 emissions. This implies that economic policy aimed at reducing income inequality in Russian regions will also reduce CO2 emissions, especially if accompanied by increased use of environmentally friendly technologies. From the international perspective, our research can be extended to study other countries and regions.

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The Specialties of the Pharmaceutical Value Chains in Hungary

Acta Oeconomica ◽

10.1556/032.2019.69.s2.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (S2) ◽

pp. 41-72

Author(s):

Katalin Antalóczy ◽

Tamás Gáspár ◽

Magdolna Sass

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Industry ◽

Value Chain ◽

Value Added ◽

Value Chains ◽

Value Chain Analysis ◽

Economic Sectors ◽

Output Analysis ◽

A Value ◽

Chain Analysis ◽

Backward And Forward Linkages

The length, the composition, the quality and the characteristics of value chains essentially determine the corporate as well as the macroeconomic performance of the economic sectors and industries. Hungary has a strong tradition in the pharmaceutical industry but its dynamising impact seems to be limited on the economy. The aim of this paper is to detect and reveal the specialties of the Hungarian pharmaceutical industry both in space and time by a value chain analysis. Our method is partly quantitative, we use an input-output analysis; and partly qualitative, relying on interviews with the representatives of pharmaceutical companies. We found that the Hungarian pharma value chain is really special, having relatively short backward and forward linkages with mainly indirect value-added contribution as well as high import content of exports. However, our company interviews revealed the fundamental differences between original and generic value chains – i.e. again a pharma industry-specific distinction. Having relatively little original and more substantial generic production in Hungary explains much of the value chain specialties, which leaves its mark on the limited impact of the industry on the national economy.

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Probing Environmental Sustainability through Institutional Quality in South Asia

10.20944/preprints201808.0190.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ghulam Rasool Madni

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

South Asia ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Co2 Emission ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Institutional Quality ◽

Kuznets Curve ◽

Long Run ◽

The Impact

The impact of institutional quality on environmental sustainability is hardly discussed in literature in spite of its crucial role for economies. This article explores the relationship of institutional quality, energy consumption and real GDP on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for selected countries of South Asia covering the period of 1996-2015 by applying unit root tests and the starter panel technique. The findings of study highlight that institutional quality in these countries matter for emission of environmental pollutants. The estimated results reveal the significant positive impact of energy consumption on CO2 emission in long run and economic growth has a quadratic relationship with CO2 emission. However, the EKC (Environmental Kuznets Curve) hypothesis is proved by estimation of long run coefficients of real per capita income and its square value. The findings of study propose that not all countries have to sacrifice growth to reduce CO2 emissions as it can be reduced through energy conservation and improved institutional quality.

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PERAN INDONESIA DALAM RANTAI NILAI GLOBAL PRODUK ELEKTRONIK

JURNAL EKONOMI DAN KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN ◽

10.29244/jekp.4.1.49-70 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 49-70

Author(s):

Rizki Putri Nurdiati ◽

Rina Oktaviani ◽

Sahara Sahara

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Value Chain ◽

Value Added ◽

Global Value Chain ◽

Global Integration ◽

Input Output ◽

Electronic Industry ◽

Output Analysis ◽

Input Output Analysis ◽

Manufacture Sector

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Environmental Benefit of Alternative Binders in Construction Industry: Life Cycle Assessment

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments9010006 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Girts Bumanis ◽

Aleksandrs Korjakins ◽

Diana Bajare

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Life Cycle Assessment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Building Materials ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Raw Material ◽

Environmental Benefit

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with Portland cement (PC) production is ranked as the highest among the construction materials and it is estimated that 8% of the worlds CO2 discharges is due to PC production. As an average, the production of PC clinker including calcination process generates 0.81 kg of carbon dioxide per one kg of cement. Hence, new approaches which limit the negative environmental impacts of cement production and are aimed at the development of advanced methodologies are introduced. Implementation of lower energy consumption materials in production, which could moderately substitute PC in binders, can be addressed as one of the probable methods in mitigating environmental risks. Therefore, alternative binders fit into the most promising solutions. Present research investigates the environmental impact of the building sector, if an alternative to PC binder is used. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used in this research to assess the environmental impact of the alternative ternary gypsum-PC-pozzolan binder in the production of mortar, and the environmental benefits were calculated and compared to traditional cement-based building materials. Phosphogypsum was considered as a secondary raw material, as in the current approach it is collected in open stacks bringing environmental concerns. SimaPro LCA software with the Ecoinvent database was used for most of the calculation processes. Results indicate that with alternative binders up to 30% of energy can be saved and 57 wt.% of CO2 emissions can be reduced, bringing positive impact on the construction industries contribution to the environment.

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