scholarly journals New Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient-Ionic Liquids (API-ILs) Derived from Indomethacin and Mebendazole

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emilia Tojo
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
High Water ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
High Water Solubility

The transformation of two solid Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) into new ionic liquids (IL)s that incorporate APIs (API-ILs) is reported. The structures of the APIs (indomethacin and mebendazole) were selected by their susceptibility to being transformed into API-ILs (either to form the cation or the anion) and their limited bioavailability due to their low solubility in water. The counterions, such as those derived from 2-dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA), tetramethylguanidine (TMG), 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] (TED), <i>p</i>-toluensulfonic acid, glycolic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and saccharin, were carefully chosen, aiming for high biocompatibility, low toxicity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was carried out by direct treatment of the API with the corresponding selected acid or base. Finally, the solubility in water of all the synthesized salts was determined.

Ionic liquids based on bromoxynil for reducing adverse impacts on the environment and human health

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (16) ◽  
pp. 8650-8655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Tang ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Guanglong Ding ◽  
Wenbing Zhang ◽  
You Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
High Water Solubility

Many herbicides exhibit some disadvantages such as high water solubility and volatility after application, which lead to potential threats to the aquatic and atmospheric environment and human health.

scholarly journals Synthesis of morpholinium salts based on chloroacylated derivatives of dihydroquercetin

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Anton O. Pozdeev ◽  
◽  
Alexander M. Koroteev ◽  
Sofia N. Pimankina ◽  
Mikhail P. Koroteev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Natural Amino Acids ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Low Solubility

The flavonoid dihydroquercetin and its esterified derivatives possess various biological activities and are widely used as dietary supplements and in pharmacology. A significant disadvantage of this flavonoid is its low solubility in water at ordinary temperatures of up to 0.03%, which negatively affects its biological activity. Nature overcomes this problem by glycosylation, sulfation, and phosphorylation. In chemistry and pharmacology to overcome this problem, there are several synthetic approaches. For dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is the inclusion of DHQ in the cyclodextrin matrix or the formation of a complex of DHQ with basic natural amino acids. In this paper, a method is proposed for obtaining water-soluble morpholinium salts based on chloroacylated derivatives of DHQ. The acylation reaction was carried out in dioxane, pyridine was used as an acceptor of choric hydrogen. The target compounds were obtained with a yield of 68-79%. As a result, chlorinated derivatives based on DHQ and its acyl and benzyl derivatives were synthesized. These derivatives in the interaction with morpholine form its salts, which, as it turned out, have a high water solubility. Pentamorpholine salt of DHQ had the highest solubility in water, up to 6.5% at room temperature, which is 200 times more soluble than the original DHQ. The proposed synthetic approach to increase the water solubility of acyl derivatives of DHQ can be extended using other nitrogenous bases and other haloacyl derivatives of DHQ.

A Fluorescence Quenching Analysis of the Binding of Fluoroquinolones to Humic Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2512-2518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan P. Ferrie ◽  
Gregory E. Hewitt ◽  
Bruce D. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Binding Constants ◽  
High Water ◽  
Static Quenching ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Equilibrium Binding ◽  
Quenching Analysis ◽  
High Water Solubility

Fluorescence quenching was used to investigate the interaction of six fluoroquinolones with humic acid. Static quenching was observed for the binding of ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin to humic acid. The equilibrium binding constants were found from Stern–Volmer plots of the data. The quenching experiments were repeated over a temperature range of 25–45 ℃ and van’t Hoff plots were generated. From these linear plots, thermodynamic values were calculated for Δ H, Δ G, and Δ S for each of the fluoroquinolones. The equilibrium binding constants were found to be <1 for all the antibiotics studied. The calculated ΔH values were all negative and ranged from −9.5 to −27.6 kJ/mol. The high water solubility of the antibiotics and low ΔH of binding suggests that the antibiotics will be transported easily through the environment. Finally, whether the fluoroquinolones are in a protonated, deprotonated, or partially protonated state is found to correlate to the strength of binding to humic acid.

Novel tetrazole PtII and PdII complexes with enhanced water solubility: synthesis, structural characterization and evaluation of antiproliferative activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiyana V. Serebryanskaya ◽  
Alexander S. Lyakhov ◽  
Ludmila S. Ivashkevich ◽  
Yuri V. Grigoriev ◽  
Andreii S. Kritchenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
High Water ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Molecular And Crystal Structures ◽  
Tetrazole Derivatives ◽  
High Water Solubility

AbstractNovel platinum(II) and palladium(II) chlorido complexes with tetrazole derivatives 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)tetrazole (het) and 1-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]tetrazole (thm), viz. cis-[Pt(het)2Cl2], trans-[Pt(het)2Cl2], trans-[Pt(thm)2Cl2], trans-[Pd(het)2Cl2], and trans-[Pd(thm)2Cl2], were synthesized. The compounds were characterized by elemental and high-resolution electrospray ionization (HRESI) mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 1H, 13C and 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermal analyses, and Infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Molecular and crystal structures of trans-[PdL2Cl2] and trans-[PtL2Cl2] (L = het, thm) were established by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The complex cis-[Pt(het)2Cl2] was found to undergo cis–to–trans isomerization upon heating in acetonitrile solution and in the solid state. The synthesized complexes show rather high water solubility lying in the range of 2–10 mg/L.

scholarly journals Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties of isobornylphenols in silico

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
O. I. Ostrikova ◽  
O. E. Vaizova ◽  
O. I. Aliev ◽  
E. V. Buravlev ◽  
I. Yu. Chukicheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Virtual Tools ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
P Glycoprotein ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Low Solubility

Introduction. The potential of a new compound in the ongoing drugs discovery process is initially explored using virtual instruments, where its activity is predicted based on its molecular structure.Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters and possible toxicity of isobornyl compounds based on virtual tools.Material and Methods. Several free Internet resources were used to assess the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (ADME), and toxicity (T) of 2,6-diisobornyl-4-methylphenol (1, Dibornol), 2-hydroxy-3-isobornyl-5-methylbenzaldehyde (2), and 2-((di-n-butylamino) methyl)-6-isobornyl-4-methylphenol (3). Pharmacokinetic properties were calculated on ADMETlab platform. Toxicity and physical properties were evaluated using TEST software based on the structure-property quantification models of organic substances according to structure–property principle. Web server ProTox_II was used for acute toxicity assessment.Results. Plasma protein binding degrees were 76,9% for (1), 85,9% for (2), and 91,8% for (3). All three compounds were capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier. Dibornol was identified neither as a substrate nor as an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein unlike (2) and (3). The half-life of all compounds was short (about 2 hours); the clearance was slow (about 2 mL/min*kg). The study showed that (2) and (3) potentially exert the toxic effects during the developmental stage of the organism, while ADMETlab showed potential cardio- and hepatotoxicity for (2) and (3), respectively. All compounds had extremely low solubility in water, which affected the assessments of other indicators by TEST software. The ProTox_II server showed the extremely low toxicity LD50 for all compounds (toxicity class 5).

scholarly journals Comparison of Chemotherapeutic Activities of Rhodamine-Based GUMBOS and NanoGUMBOS

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3272
Author(s):  
Nimisha Bhattarai ◽  
Mi Chen ◽  
Rocío L. Pérez ◽  
Sudhir Ravula ◽  
Robert M. Strongin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Ester Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Targeting ◽  
Organic Salts ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation ◽  
Rhodamine Derivatives ◽  
High Water Solubility

Rhodamine derivatives have been widely investigated for their mitochondrial targeting and chemotherapeutic properties that result from their lipophilic cationic structures. In previous research, we have found that conversion of Rhodamine 6G into nanoGUMBOS, i.e., nanomaterials derived from a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS), led to selective chemotherapeutic toxicity for cancer cells over normal cells. Herein, we investigate the chemotherapeutic activity of GUMBOS derived from four different rhodamine derivatives, two bearing an ester group, i.e., Rhodamine 123 (R123) and SNAFR-5, and two bearing a carboxylic acid group, i.e., rhodamine 110 (R110) and rhodamine B (RB). In this study, we evaluate (1) relative hydrophobicity via octanol–water partition coefficients, (2) cytotoxicity, and (3) cellular uptake in order to evaluate possible structure–activity relationships between these different compounds. Intriguingly, we found that while GUMBOS derived from R123 and SNAFR-5 formed nanoGUMBOS in aqueous medium, no distinct nanoparticles are observed for RB and R110 GUMBOS. Further investigation revealed that the relatively high water solubility of R110 and RB GUMBOS hinders nanoparticle formation. Subsequently, while R123 and SNAFR-5 displayed selective chemotherapeutic toxicity similar to that of previously investigated R6G nanoGUMBOS, the R110 and RB GUMBOS were lacking in this property. Additionally, the chemotherapeutic toxicities of R123 and SNAFR-5 nanoGUMBOS were also significantly greater than R110 and RB GUMBOS. Observed results were consistent with decreased cellular uptake of R110 and RB as compared to R123 and SNAFR-5 compounds. Moreover, these results are also consistent with previous observations that suggest that nanoparticle formation is critical to the observed selective chemotherapeutic properties as well as the chemotherapeutic efficacy of rhodamine nanoGUMBOS.

A facile, green, and solvent-free route to nitrogen–sulfur-codoped fluorescent carbon nanoparticles for cellular imaging

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (23) ◽  
pp. 11872-11875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Huang ◽  
Ya-Chun Lu ◽  
Ai-Jun Wang ◽  
Jin-Hua Liu ◽  
Jian-Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Cellular Imaging ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
High Quantum Yield ◽  
Long Lifetime ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
Excellent Stability ◽  
High Water Solubility

A simple, solvent-free method was developed for preparation of fluorescent NSCPs by direct pyrolysis of gentamycin sulfate. The NSCPs showed high water-solubility, long lifetime, high quantum yield, excellent stability and low cytotoxicity, and thus can be used for cellular imaging.

Effect of Soil Organic Matter on the Phytotoxicity of Thirteens-Triazine Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rahman ◽  
L. J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
High Water ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
High Water Solubility

The influence of soil organic matter on the initial and residual phytotoxicity of thirteens-triazine herbicides was investigated in greenhouse experiments using three Horotiu sandy loam soils with organic matter levels of 9.8, 15.5, and 20.6%. The amount of herbicide required to reduce the growth of oats (Avena sativaL. ‘Mapua’) by 50% (GR50) when compared with the control was determined for each herbicide and each organic matter level. Results showed that the GR50values for all herbicides were highly and positively correlated with the soil organic matter. In general, the phytotoxicity of compounds of high water solubility was less influenced by soil organic matter than those having low water solubility. The chloro-triazines persisted longer in soil than did the methoxy- or methylthio-triazines. Simazine [2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine] and atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine] were the most persistent of the chloro-triazines.

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