scholarly journals Cumulative Effect of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Annona Reticulate and Allium Sativumon Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sandeep Waghulde ◽  
Ashwini Bhoir ◽  
Jyoti Gholap ◽  
Varsha Patil ◽  
Mohan K. Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts Annona reticulate Linn. and Allium sativumand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the presence of alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids could be accounted for its cytotoxic properties. In the other hand, studies have shown that the leaf extracts of Alcoholic and aqueous extract of Annona reticulata and bulbs of Allium sativum extracts exhibited cumulative activity when they were combined and compared. Thus, the results on the leaf extracts of Alcoholic and aqueous extract of Annona reticulata and bulbs of Allium sativum exhibited increase in activity support its use in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of the Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of the Selected Species of Medicinal Plants

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sandeep Waghulde ◽  
Mohan K. Kale ◽  
VijayR. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Annona Reticulata

The present study was conducted to test for in vivo Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of the Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisum and Brassica oleraceaeand correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plants. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC50 (lethality concentration). Ten nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extract. After 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted and LC50 was assessed. Results showed that the extracts of Annona reticulata with Allium fistolisumand Brassica oleraceaewere potent against the brine shrimp when compared alone with combined extracts. It indicated that bioactive components are present in these plants that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects. Thus, the results support the uses of these plant species in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Potent antibacterial, antioxidant and toxic activities of extracts from Passiflora suberosa L. leaves

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumudu R.V. Bandara ◽  
Chayanika Padumadasa ◽  
Dinithi C. Peiris
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Passiflora suberosa L. belonging to the family Passifloraceae is an important medicinal plant used in traditional medicinal system in Sri Lanka to treat diabetes, hypertension and skin diseases. We extracted P. suberosa leaves under reflux conditions using different solvents (hexane, chloroform, methanol and water), then subjected to phytochemical screening. Alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins and saponins and anthraquinones were present in hexane and chloroform extracts. Alkaloids, unsaturated sterols, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins were observed in both methanol and aqueous extracts. Proanthocyanidins were observed only in the aqueous extract. Hence, aqueous and methanol extracts with most classes of phytochemicals present were subjected to antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihaemolytic activities and Brine shrimp lethality studies. Antibacterial activity and minimum inhibition concentrations were evaluated using three Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudumonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimuriam and Escherichia coli). The results indicated that only the methanol extract of P. suberosa exhibited antibacterial activities against all the strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial with stronger activity against Gram-negative bacteria. DPHH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy) scavenging assay was adopted to evaluate antioxidant properties while antihaemolytic and toxic activities were studied respectively using cow blood and Brine shrimp lethality assay. The IC50 values of the aqueous extract in both antioxidant and antihaemolytic assays were significantly lower than the standard ascorbic acid. Similar results were observed in the Brine shrimp lethality assay. In conclusion both aqueous and methanol extracts of P. suberosa leaves showed the presence of majority of phytochemicals including proanthocyanidins. Antibacterial activity was obtained only for methanol extract with better activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The aqueous extract showed better antioxidant, antihaemolytic and toxic activities than the methanol extract and their respective standards. Further investigations on the chemical composition and possible isolation of active ingredients is warranted.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Anham Shahid Abbasi ◽  
Qazi Najam-Us-Saqib ◽  
Atta-Ur-Rehman ◽  
Nisar-Ur-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Bauhinia Variegata ◽  
Cytotoxic Studies

Summary Introduction: Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan. Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts. Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.

Antibacterial Activity against Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi and Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay of Trichilia megalanthaHarms and Trichilia welwitschii C. DC

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Philip A. Idowu ◽  
Tajudeen A. Adegbenle
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

Increasing resistance of typhoidal Salmonella enterica to conventional antibiotics has caused more cases of typhoid, therapeutic failure, morbidity and mortality; creating the need to search for new and effective antimicrobial agents from medicinal plants. The present study aimed to detect antisalmonella activity and cytotoxicity (safety) status of the stem bark and leaves of two Nigerian medicinal plants, Trichilia megalantha and Trichilia welwitschii. Nine clinical isolates of Salmonella paratyphi, whose antibiogram were determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method were used. Antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts on the clinical isolates were done by agar cup diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively. Acute toxicity of the extracts was determined using brine shrimp lethality assay (BSLA). All the nine isolates of Salmonella paratyphi were resistant to β-lactam antibiotics (augmentin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and ampicillin) but susceptible to fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin), nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. The crude extracts of the two plants elicited activity against the nine clinical isolates with the bark extracts being more active than the leaf extracts. T. welwitschii was slightly less active than T. megalantha. The MIC and MBC ranged 1.25 - 5.0 mg/ ml and 2.5 - 10 mg/ml, respectively for the plants. The antisalmonella activity of methanolic extracts of both plants were found to be less than that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. With modal cytotoxicity values of 400 - 500 μg/ml, the plant parts were considered nontoxic. Therefore, T. megalantha and T. welwitschii could provide a potential source of antibacterial agent(s) for the treatment of Salmonella paratyphoid infections. Keywords: Trichilia megalantha; Trichilia welwitschii, antisalmonella; cytotoxicity; Salmonella paratyphi 

DETERMINATION OF ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND IN VITRO CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY USING BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA LINN EXTRACTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
F. J. Sayyad ◽  
G. H. Wadkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Caesalpinia Bonducella

Brine shrimp lethality assay is an important tool for preliminary assessment of cytotoxicity of herbal drugs. This method is used for the determination of LC50 values of herbal extracts. The root bark of Caesalpinia bonducella, which is reported in traditional literature for its anti-tumour activity, had been selected to test for brine shrimp lethality activity and antibacterial potentialities by Agar well diffusion method against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at concentrations of 150 and 300 μg/mL. Ciprofloxacin (100 μg/mL) was used as the standard drug. Present study shows that the LC50 of ethanolic and aqueous extract Caesalpinia bonducella root bark were found to be 190.30 and 282.18 ug/mL, respectively. The ethanolic and aqueous extract of Caesalpinia bonducella root bark exhibited antibacterial activity. Ethanolic extract showed better sensitivity towards S. aureus and B. subtilis as compared to aqueous extract while ethanolic extract showed moderate sensitivity towards E. coli and K. pneumoniae.

scholarly journals BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY BIOASSAY OF ABRUS PRECATORIUS (LINN) LEAVES AND ROOT EXTRACT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Wakawa H. Y. ◽  
Prof D. R. ◽  
Fasihuddin B. A.
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was conducted to test for <em>in vivo</em> Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA) of <em>Abrus precarious</em><em> </em>leaves and root extracts after successive maceration in four solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM) ethyl acetate and methanol) and correlate cytotoxicity results with known pharmacological activities of the plant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cytotoxicity was evaluated in terms of LC<sub>50</sub> (lethality concentration), 10 nauplii were added into three replicates of each concentration of the plant extracts, and after 24 h the surviving brine shrimp larvae were counted, and LC<sub>50</sub> was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Potent cytotoxicity was found for both the leaves and root extracts of <em>Abrus precatorius</em>, results showed a concentration dependent increment in mortality rate of the brine shrimp nauplii and the n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions of the root and leaves extracts were more potent against the brine shrimp with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 7.870 ppm and 19.135 ppm (µg/ml) respectively, whereas methanol fractions of both the extracts exhibited low potent activity with LC<sub>50</sub> values 61.575 ppm and 226.053 ppm (µg/ml) in root and leaves respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result indicated bioactive components are present in this plant that could be accounted for its pharmacological effects.</p>

scholarly journals South Africa’s Best BARK Medicines Prescribed at the Johannesburg Muthi Markets for Skin, Gut, and Lung Infections: MIC’s and Brine Shrimp Lethality

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
Gugulethu P. Khumalo ◽  
Nicholas J. Sadgrove ◽  
Sandy F. Van Vuuren ◽  
Ben-Erik Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Indigenous trade of medicinal plants in South Africa is a multi-million-rand industry and is still highly relevant in terms of primary health care. The purpose of this study was to identify today’s most traded medicinal barks, traditionally and contemporaneously used for dermatological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tract infections; then, to investigate the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the respective extracts and interpret outcomes in light of pharmacokinetics. Thirty-one popularly traded medicinal barks were purchased from the Faraday and Kwa Mai-Mai markets in Johannesburg, South Africa. Information on the medicinal uses of bark-based medicines in modern commerce was recorded from randomly selected traders. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used for antimicrobial screening, and brine shrimp lethality was used to determine toxicity. New medicinal uses were recorded for 14 bark species. Plants demonstrating some broad-spectrum activities against tested bacteria include Elaeodendron transvaalense, Erythrina lysistemon, Garcinia livingstonei, Pterocelastrus rostratus, Rapanea melanophloeos, Schotia brachypetala, Sclerocarya birrea, and Ziziphus mucronata. The lowest MIC value of 0.004 mg/mL was observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis for a dichloromethane bark extract of E. lysistemon. The tested medicinal barks were shown to be non-toxic against the Artemia nauplii (brine shrimp) bioassay, except for a methanol extract from Trichilia emetica (69.52% mortality). Bacterial inhibition of bark extracts with minimal associated toxicity is consistent with the safety and valuable use of medicinal barks for local muthi market customers. Antimicrobial outcomes against skin and gastrointestinal pathogens are feasible because mere contact-inhibition is required in vivo; however, MIC values against respiratory pathogens require further explaining from a pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics perspective, particularly for ingested rather than smoked therapies.

scholarly journals In vivo antidiarrheal study of ethanolic extracts of Mikania cordata and Litsea monopetala leaves

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Nasrin ◽  
Md. Lukman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

<p class="Abstract">In this study the antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extracts of the leaves of <em>Mikania cordata</em> and <em>Litsea monopetala</em> was evaluated. Diarrhea was induced in mice by oral administration of castor oil (0.5 mL) 30 min after the administration of the extracts. During a 4 hour study the number of diarrheal feces and percentage inhibition of the extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was determined. Loperamide (3 mg/kg body weight) served as standard and belonged to the positive control group. The extracts exhibited potent antidiarrheal activity as well as achieved statistically significant p value (p&lt;0.01 and p&lt;0.05) compared to control group. Among the extracts the highest percentage inhibition of defecation (60%) was recorded for leaf extract (400 mg/kg body weight) of <em>L. monopetala</em>. So, the study corroborates the significant antidiarrheal activity of <em>M. cordata</em> and <em>L. monopetala</em> leaf extracts and raises the demand of further sophisticated investigation.</p><p> </p>

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