scholarly journals Individual Differences in Parental Support for Numeracy and Literacy in Early Childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Leanne Elliott ◽  
Peter Zheng ◽  
Melissa Libertus
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Parental Beliefs ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Home Literacy ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socioeconomic Resources ◽  
Literacy Activities

Past research has examined parental support for children’s math and reading skills in the early years through parents’ reports of their activities with their children in somewhat inconsistent ways. In this study, we use data from a large sample of parents (n = 259; 103 males) collected through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk to examine dimensions of parental enrichment in both support for literacy and numeracy skills at home. Additionally, we examine how socioeconomic resources as well as parental beliefs relate to these dimensions of the home literacy and home numeracy environment. Factor analyses revealed two dimensions of literacy activities (i.e., passive and active literacy activities) and three dimensions of numeracy activities (i.e., numeracy applications, basic numeracy, and written numeracy activities). Income was positively associated with active literacy activities, whereas parents’ educational attainment was negatively associated with active literacy activities and written numeracy activities. Additionally, parental beliefs, including their beliefs about the importance of literacy and math skills as well as their perceived responsibility for teaching their children reading, math, and language skills, related to home literacy and numeracy activities in distinctive ways. These results suggest that future research should explore parental enrichment practices with greater nuance, particularly when examining associations with socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Triangulating Multi-Method Assessments of Parental Support for Early Math Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. Bachman ◽  
Leanne Elliott ◽  
Shirley Duong ◽  
Laura Betancur ◽  
Monica G. Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parental Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spatial Skills ◽  
Math Talk ◽  
Parent Reports ◽  
Observational Measures ◽  
Parent Child Interactions ◽  
Time Diaries

Past research has examined parental support for math during early childhood using parent-report surveys and observational measures of math talk. However, since most studies only present findings from one of these methods, the construct (parental support for early math) and the method are inextricably linked, and we know little about whether these methods provide similar or unique information about children’s exposure to math concepts. This study directly addresses the mono-operation bias operating in past research by collecting and comparing multiple measures of support for number and spatial skills, including math talk during semi-structured observations of parent–child interactions, parent reports on a home math activities questionnaire, and time diaries. Findings from 128 parents of 4-year-old children reveal substantial within-measure variability across all three data sources in the frequency of number and spatial activities and the type and content of parent talk about number and spatial concepts. Convergence in parental math support measures was evident among parent reports from the questionnaire and time diaries, such that scale composites about monthly number activities were related to number activities on the previous work day, and monthly spatial activities were correlated with spatial activities the prior non-work days. However, few parent report measures from the survey or time diary were significantly correlated with observed quantity or type of math talk in the semi-structured observations. Future research implications of these findings are discussed.

The Dimensionality of Family Differentiation and the Prediction of Adolescent Internalized Distress

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elan A. Cohen ◽  
Michael W. Vasey ◽  
Stephen M. Gavazzi
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Adolescent Adjustment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Distance Regulation ◽  
Predictive Relationship ◽  
Family Differentiation

The construct of family differentiation describes patterns of distance regulation within families. These patterns reflect the relative degree of individuality and intimacy that characterize a family system. Family differentiation levels are linked to a variety of adolescent adjustment variables. Despite being conceptualized theoretically as a bidimensional construct, family differentiation has typically been presented in past research as a unidimensional variable. This study employed the multiple perspectives of mothers, fathers, and adolescents to examine the fit of unidimensional versus bidimensional structure of this family system construct as well as to evaluate its predictive relationship with an adolescent internalized distress latent construct derived from indicators related to anxiety, worry, and depression. Findings supported the bidimensionality of family differentiation and the significant predictive influence of one of the two dimensions (i.e., tolerance for individuality) on the internalized distress of adolescents. These findings and issues related to future research are discussed.

A state-of-the-art survey on spherical fuzzy sets1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Eren Ozceylan ◽  
Baris Ozkan ◽  
Mehmet Kabak ◽  
Metin Dagdeviren
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Scientific Papers

In addition to the well-known fuzzy sets, a novel type of fuzzy set called spherical fuzzy set (SFS) is recently introduced in the literature. SFS is the generalized structure over existing structures of fuzzy sets (intuitionistic fuzzy sets-IFS, Pythagorean fuzzy sets-PFS, and neutrosophic fuzzy sets-NFS) based on three dimensions (truth, falsehood, and indeterminacy) to provide a wider choice for decision-makers (DMs). Although the SFS has been introduced recently, the topic attracts the attention of academicians at a remarkable rate. This study is the expanded version of the authors’ earlier study by Ozceylan et al. [1]. A comprehensive literature review of recent and state-of-the-art papers is studied to draw a framework of the past and to shed light on future directions. Therefore, a systematic review methodology that contains bibliometric and descriptive analysis is followed in this study. 104 scientific papers including SFS in their titles, abstracts and keywords are reviewed. The papers are then analyzed and categorized based on titles, abstracts, and keywords to construct a useful foundation of past research. Finally, trends and gaps in the literature are identified to clarify and to suggest future research opportunities in the fuzzy logic area.

scholarly journals Linking Psychological Empowerment to Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: Investigating the Mediating Effect of Organizational Trust

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanad A. Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Continuance Commitment

<p>The main purpose of this research is to examine the influence of psychological empowerment and organizational trust on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among Kuwait free trade zone employees. Data were obtained for this research through a set of questionnaire which was divided into four parts and administered to a total of 271 respondents. The results showed that psychological empowerment mainly affects employees’ job satisfaction and organizational commitment. The results indicated that two dimensions of psychological empowerment, i.e. <em>Meaning</em> and <em>Impact</em>, are significant and positively related to job satisfaction. The existing literature supports the relationships between psychological empowerment dimensions and three dimensions of organizational commitment:<em> normative</em>, <em>continuance,</em> and <em>affective commitment</em>. However, results from this study showed inconsistency. The results showed that only one dimension of Psychological Empowerment, <em>Meaning</em>, is significant and positively Associated to <em>Affective</em> <em>Commitment</em>; two dimensions of Psychological Empowerment, <em>Meaning</em> and <em>Competence,</em> are significant and positively Associated to <em>Normative Commitment</em>; and no dimensions of Psychological Empowerment are statistically contributed to <em>Continuance Commitment</em>.  Moreover, analysis has also showed that organizational trust mediates the relationships between psychological empowerment, job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Some practical implications are also discussed. The research concludes with limitations and future research suggestions to enhance psychological empowerment in public and private organizations in Kuwait.</p>

scholarly journals Organizational Trust: A Gateway to Psychological Empowerment

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanad A. Alajmi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study investigates the relationship between psychological empowerment of employees and organizational trust within Kuwaiti industrial companies. It focuses on two dimensions of organizational trust; namely, trust in supervisors and trust in the organization. A total of 450 questionnaires were submitted to industrial companies in the Subhan Industrial Area, of which350 were completed. The results indicate that a significant positive correlation exists between psychological empowerment of the employees of these companies and organizational trust. The findings indicate that trust in the supervisor and in the organizationexplains21.8% and 13.1%, respectively, of the variation in psychological empowerment. Trust in the supervisor correlates significantly and positively with all dimensions of psychological empowerment whereas trust in the organization correlates significantly and positively with only three dimensions of psychological empowerment; namely, meaning, competence, and self-determination. The study concludes by explaining the limitations involved and suggests future research directions to enhance psychological empowerment and trust in industrial companies in Kuwait.</p>

scholarly journals Motivational Mindsets and Reasons for Studying: Development and Validation of a Classification Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Job Hudig ◽  
Ad W. A. Scheepers ◽  
Michaéla C. Schippers ◽  
Guus Smeets
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
First Year ◽  
Study Success ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Classification Tool ◽  
First Year University

First-year university students have multiple motives for studying and these motives may interact. Yet, past research has primarily focused on a variable-centered, dimensional approach missing out on the possibility to study the joint effect of multiple motives that students may have. Examining the interplay between motives is key to (a) better explain student differences in study success and wellbeing, and (b) to understand different effects that interventions can have in terms of wellbeing and study success. We therefore applied a student-centered, multidimensional approach in which we explored motivational profiles of first-year university students by combining three dimensions of motives for studying (self-transcendent, self-oriented, and extrinsic) which have been shown to be differently related to academic functioning. Using cluster analysis in two independent, consecutive university student cohorts (n = 763 and n = 815), we identified four meaningful profiles and coined them motivational mindsets. We validated the four mindset profiles not only within each student sample but also found almost identical profiles between the student samples. The motivational mindset profiles were labeled: high-impact mindset, low-impact mindset, social-impact mindset, and self-impact mindset. In addition to validating the paradigm, we developed a mindset classification tool to further use these mindsets in practice and in future research.

scholarly journals Exploratory Graph Analysis of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scales

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander P. Christensen ◽  
Georgina Gross ◽  
Hudson Golino ◽  
Paul Silvia ◽  
Thomas Richard Kwapil
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Graph Analysis ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Better Than

The present study examined the dimensional structure underlying the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS) and its brief version (MSS-B). The MSS and MSS-B were developed to assess current multidimensional conceptualizations of schizotypy. We used Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) to evaluate the dimensional structure of the scales in two large, independent samples (n = 6,265 and n = 1,000). We then used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to compare the fit of the theoretical dimensions with the EGA dimensions. For the MSS, EGA identified four dimensions: positive schizotypy, two dimensions of negative schizotypy (affective and social anhedonia), and disorganized schizotypy. For the MSS-B, EGA identified three dimensions, which corresponded to the theorized positive, negative, and disorganized dimensions. Based on the MSS’s EGA dimensions, we also estimated a four-factor model for the MSS-B. The CFA comparison found that the four-factor model fit significantly better than the theoretical three-factor model for both the MSS and MSS-B. In short, we propose that the four-factor model supports the theoretical model and offers a more nuanced interpretation of the negative schizotypy dimension. Our findings offer new implications for future research on the MSS and MSS-B dimensions that may provide differential associations with interview and questionnaire measures.

Development of the Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pedro Sobral ◽  
Maria Emília Costa
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Of Intimacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. We developed a new instrument designed to measure fear of intimacy in romantic relationships. We suggest assessing fear of intimacy through two dimensions: self-revelation and dependence. The Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ) was validated across three studies in which a 10-item solution systematically emerged. Consistently with a two component perspective, a two-factor solution fitted data the best: fear of losing the self (FLS) and fear of losing the other (FLO). Qualitative analyses verified content validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure. Multigroup analyses supported the structural invariance across gender, age, and relationship status. Both factors showed adequate discriminant validity and internal consistency, and good 3-week period test-retest reliability. Associations between the FICQ and insecure attachment orientations demonstrated convergent validity. The association between the FICQ and relationship satisfaction above and beyond a preexisting measure offered criterion validity. By going beyond traditional self-revelation-focused conception of fear of intimacy, that is, by proposing a bi-dimensional structure to fear of intimacy, we believe that this new measure will contribute to future research on fear of intimacy.

Collaborative Remembering in Dementia: A Focus on Joint Activities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Christer Hydén ◽  
Mattias Forsblad
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Do So ◽  
Dementia Diseases

In this chapter we consider collaborative remembering and joint activates in everyday life in the case of people living with dementia. First, we review past research of practices that scaffolds the participation of persons with dementia in everyday chores under different stages of dementia diseases. We do so by suggesting three analytical types of scaffolding: when the scaffolding practices (i) frame the activity, (ii) guide actions, or (iii) are part of repair activities. Second, we review two aspects of collaborative remembering that are especially important in the case of dementia: training of scaffolding practices, and the sustaining and presentation of identities through collaborative storytelling. Finally, theoretical and methodological tendencies of the research field are summarized and future research needs are formulated.

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