Dietary Habits and Musculoskeletal Pain in Statin and Red Yeast Rice Users: A Pilot Study

(1) Background: Diet and statins are commonly used to treat high cholesterol (CHOL) levels. (2) Aim: To compare adherence to Mediterranean diet (Med-D), orthorexia nervosa (ON), and musculoskeletal pain in individuals in treatment with statins metabolized by CYP3A4, not metabolized by CYP3A4 or red yeast rice (RYR, containing monacolin K: MON-K). (3) Methods: starting from 80 individuals, after the exclusion of those with other causes of possible pain, 56 individuals were selected and divided into three groups according to the type of statin (CYP3A4, NO-CYP3A4 and MON-K). Adherence to the Med-D was evaluated with the MEDScore and a sub-score was calculated for fruit and vegetables consumption (MEDScore-FV). ON and musculoskeletal pain were assessed with the ORTO-15 and with the Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaires, respectively. A retrospective analysis of CHOL decrease after treatment was conducted. (4) Results: CHOL levels were lower in CYP3A4 and NO-CYP3A4 after treatment (182.4 ± 6.3 and 177.0 ± 7.8 mg/dL, respectively), compared with MON-K (204.2 ± 7.1 mg/dL, p < 0.05). MON-K and CYP3A4 groups had a high prevalence of reported knee pain (33.3% and 18.8%, respectively) than NO-CYP3A4 group (0%, p < 0.05). A high percentage of individuals in MON-K take supplements and nutraceuticals (87.5%), whereas MEDScore-FV was higher in CYP3A4 (9.4 ± 0.2) compared to NO-CYP3A4 (7.6 ± 0.5, p < 0.05). (5) Conclusions: This study suggests that individuals receiving treatment with statins and RYR should be monitored from the perspective of plant foods’ consumption and nutraceutical use, to prevent musculoskeletal pain.

Download Full-text

In VivoHypocholesterolemic Effect of MARDI Fermented Red Yeast Rice Water Extract in High Cholesterol Diet Fed Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/707829 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Swee Keong Yeap ◽

Boon Kee Beh ◽

Joan Kong ◽

Wan Yong Ho ◽

Hamidah Mohd Yusof ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Extract ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

High Cholesterol Diet ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Monacolin K ◽

Cholesterol Diet ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Rice Water

Fermented red yeast rice has been traditionally consumed as medication in Asian cuisine. This study aimed to determine thein vivohypocholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of fermented red yeast rice water extract produced using Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI)Monascus purpureusstrains in mice fed with high cholesterol diet. Absence of monacolin-k, lower level ofγ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), higher content of total amino acids, and antioxidant activities were detected in MARDI fermented red yeast rice water extract (MFRYR).In vivoMFRYR treatment on hypercholesterolemic mice recorded similar lipid lowering effect as commercial red yeast rice extract (CRYR) as it helps to reduce the elevated serum liver enzyme and increased the antioxidant levels in liver. This effect was also associated with the upregulation of apolipoproteins-E and inhibition of Von Willebrand factor expression. In summary, MFRYR enriched in antioxidant and amino acid without monacolin-k showed similar hypocholesterolemic effect as CRYR that was rich in monacolin-k and GABA.

Download Full-text

Homeopathy for Depression, Music for Postoperative Recovery, Red Yeast Rice for High Cholesterol, Acupuncture for Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis, and Ginger for Osteoarthritis

EXPLORE ◽

10.1016/j.explore.2016.04.015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 287-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard Glickman-Simon ◽

Craig Schneider

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Postoperative Recovery ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Red Yeast

Download Full-text

Response to comments on the Scientific Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) on the scientific substantiation of health claims related to monacolin K in SYLVAN BIO red yeast rice and maintenance of normal blood LDL‐cholesterol concentrations pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

EFSA Supporting Publications ◽

10.2903/sp.efsa.2013.en-423 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Health Claims ◽

Normal Blood ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Monacolin K ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Scientific Opinion ◽

Scientific Substantiation

Download Full-text

Improving the monacolin K to citrinin production ratio in red yeast rice by an X-ray-induced mutant strain of Monascus purpureus

BioTechnologia ◽

10.5114/bta.2018.75654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 109-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Apinun Kanpiengjai ◽

Rapeepun Mahawan ◽

Prodpran Pengnoi ◽

Saisamorn Lumyong ◽

Chartchai Khanongnuch

Keyword(s):

Mutant Strain ◽

Monascus Purpureus ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Monacolin K ◽

X Ray ◽

Production Ratio ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Induced Mutant

Download Full-text

Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) due to variability in monacolin K content in Red Yeast Rice (RYR): An expert opinion

European Journal of Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 101164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arrigo F.G. Cicero ◽

Davide Grassi ◽

Manfredi Rizzo ◽

Giuliano Tocci

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Expert Opinion ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Monacolin K ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Drug Induced Liver Injury ◽

Red Yeast

Download Full-text

Comparative study of red yeast rice with high monacolin K, low citrinin concentration and pigments in white rice and brown rice

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/474/2017-cjfs ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (No. 1) ◽

pp. 75-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pramuan Saithong ◽

Wanida Tewaruth Chitisankul ◽

Supachi Nitipan

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Monascus Purpureus ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Monacolin K ◽

Constant Weight ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

White Rice ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Target Strain

Growth pigments and metabolites of monacolin K and citrinin were compared for Monascus purpureus during 14-day solid-state ermentation on white rice and brown rice (Chai-Nart cultivar). Monascus purpureus IFRPD 4046 was selected as the target strain which produced the ighesth monacolin K content and the lowest citrinin content. Optimum fermentation conditions regarding moisture content, temperature and fermentation time were determined. A comparative study showed that monacolin K production in white rice was about twice higher than in brown rice. At the optimum conditions, concentrations of monacolin K dried at 55°C to constant weight were 132.98 and 66.48 mg/100 g in white rice and brown rice, respectively while citrinin was not detected. Results revealed that the IFRPD 4046 strain has a potential to produce red yeast rice with higher monacolin K in white rice than<br />in brown rice with low citrinin content.

Download Full-text

Resveratrol improves the lipid profile promoted by red yeast rice (monacolin k) in patients with moderate dyslipidemia: An open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled clinical trial

The EuroBiotech Journal ◽

10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.11 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 72-75

Author(s):

Annalisa Panico ◽

Gelsy Arianna Lupoli ◽

Roberta Lupoli ◽

Fiammetta Romano ◽

Livia Barba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Red Yeast Rice ◽

Low Density ◽

Monacolin K ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Open Label ◽

Red Yeast ◽

Parallel Group

Abstract Introduction: A relevant role is now emerging for nutraceuticals and specific functional foods in the treatment of dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical multi-target approach in subjects with moderate cardiovascular risk and to compare it with red yeast rice (RYR) treatment alone. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with a first diagnosis of moderate dyslipidemia were included in a 6-week open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled clinical trial and were treated with a nutraceutical supplement of Red Yeast Rice (RYR) extract containing 10 mg of monacolin k or its combination with 48 mg of an improved form of highly bioavailable resveratrol. The dosage of RYR was selected on the basis of its expected efficacy in reducing low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol also approved by the EFSA panel. All differences were assessed by Student’s t test with P values .05 are considered as statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed by using Excel. Results: Treatment with RYR (10 mg monacolin K) led to a reduction of total cholesterol (20%) and low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (21%). The combination with resveratrol however, compared to RYR alone significantly reduced triglyceride (-18 %) levels, systolic blood pressure (-2 %) and HOMA index (-17 %). Discussion: These results indicate that the nutraceutical supplementation of RYR associated with resveratrol not only shows lipid-lowering activity but compared to RYR treatment alone significantly also ameliorates other metabolic parameters. Thus, may represent a valid and safe approach, especially in people with moderate cardiovascular risk, in which a pharmacologic intervention may not be appropriate.

Download Full-text