scholarly journals A Framed Slotted ALOHA-Based MAC for Eliminating Vain Wireless Power Transfer in Wireless Powered IoT Networks

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ying-Jen Lin ◽  
Show-Shiow Tzeng
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Time Slot ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Slotted Aloha ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Framed Slotted Aloha ◽  
Simulation Results

Multiple access control (MAC) is crucial for devices to send data packets and harvest wireless energy in wireless powered Internet of Things (IoT) networks. A framed slotted ALOHA (FSA) protocol is employed in several practical networks. This paper studies an FSA-based MAC in a centralized wireless powered IoT network, including half-duplex devices and a full-duplex base station transmitting wireless energy in an intended direction. Under such a network, it is possible that a half-duplex device contends for a time slot to transmit a packet while the base station transmits wireless energy to the device in the same time slot, which causes vain charging and wastes the opportunity to charge other devices. To eliminate the vain charging, this paper designs a MAC in which a base station utilizes the information conveyed from devices in advance to arrange the charging order of devices. The novelty is to develop an algorithm to find a charging order of half-duplex devices instead of using full-duplex devices to eliminate the vain charging. Event-driven simulations are conducted to study the performance of the proposed MAC. Simulation results show that the proposed MAC produces better system performances than the system not eliminating the vain charging. In summary, the application of the proposed MAC yields the benefits of higher throughput and lower packet loss.

scholarly journals SWIPT in mMIMO system with non-linear energy-harvesting terminals: protocol design and performance optimization

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Xu ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Nan Sha ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
And Performance

Abstract In this paper, we design the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) protocol for massive multi-input multi-output (mMIMO) system with non-linear energy-harvesting (EH) terminals. In this system, the base station (BS) serves a set of uplink fixed half-duplex (HD) terminals with non-linear energy harvester. Considering the non-linearity of practical energy-harvesting circuits, we adopt the realistic non-linear EH model rather than the idealistic linear EH model. The proposed SWIPT protocol can be divided into two phases. The first phase is designed for terminals EH and downlink training. A beam domain energy beamforming method is employed for the wireless power transmission. In the second phase, the BS forms the two-layer receive beamformers for the reception of signals transmitted by terminals. In order to improve the spectral efficiency (SE) of the system, the BS transmit power- and time-switching ratios are optimized. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed beam-domain SWIPT protocol on SE performance compared with the conventional mMIMO SWIPT protocols.

Hybrid Half-Duplex/Full-Duplex Cooperative Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access With Transmit Power Adaptation

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Liu ◽  
Xianhao Chen ◽  
Zhiguo Ding ◽  
Zheng Ma ◽  
F. Richard Yu
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Transmit Power ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Power Adaptation

Research of Underground Tag's Anti-Collision Algorithm

2013 ◽  
Vol 722 ◽  
pp. 463-466
Author(s):  
Yan Ge Chen ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Time Slot ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Slotted Aloha ◽  
Slot Aloha ◽  
Electronic Tag ◽  
Framed Slotted Aloha

Study of the conflict questions of multiple miners (electronic tag) in the same RF induction area of the underground personnel positioning system. Analyze the Pure Aloha algorithm, Time Slot Aloha algorithm, Dynamic Framed slotted Aloha algorithm based on Binary algorithm. And put forward a kind of mixed anti-collision algorithm through improved.

scholarly journals Detection and Countermeasure of Node Misbehaviour in Clustered Wireless Sensor Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Tripathi ◽  
M. S. Gaur ◽  
V. Laxmi ◽  
P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Environment Monitoring ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Battery Power ◽  
Processing Power ◽  
Simulation Results

Wireless sensor networks are widely used in many applications like battlefield monitoring, environment monitoring, and so forth. In all of these applications the cooperation among various sensor nodes is needed to forward the data packets to the base station. However, it expends the various resources of a sensor node such as battery power, storage, and processing power. Therefore, to conserve its own resources a node may become selfish by not forwarding the data to the others. This kind of attack has serious consequences if the attacker node is the leader of a cluster. In the presence of attack the base station will not be able to get the data from the victimized cluster while resources of the member of that cluster are being consumed. In this paper we propose a scheme called window based scheme (WBS) to detect this kind of misbehavior in WSN. Our detection scheme is energy efficient because most of the computations are done at base station only. Simulation results prove that our method detects and removes the attacker effectively and efficiently.

scholarly journals Benefiting wireless power transfer scheme in power domain based multiple access: ergodic rate performance evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-792
Author(s):  
Anh-Tu Le ◽  
Minh-Sang Van Nguyen ◽  
Dinh-Thuan Do
Keyword(s):  
Power Allocation ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Wireless Power Transfer ◽  
Ergodic Capacity ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Transfer Scheme ◽  
Power Domain ◽  
Fixed Power

Power domain based multiple access scheme is introduced in this paper, namely Non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA). We deploy a wireless network using NOMA together with a wireless power transfer (WPT) scheme for dedicated user over Nakagami-$m$ fading channel. When combined, these promising techniques (NOMA and WPT) improve the system performance in term of ergodic performance at reasonable coefficient of harvested power. However, fixed power allocation factors for each NOMA user can be adjusted at the base station and it further provide performance improvement. We design a new signal frame to deploy a NOMA scheme in WPT which adopts a linear energy harvesting model. The ergodic capacity in such a NOMA network and power allocation factors can be updated frequently in order to achieve a fair distribution among NOMA users. The exact expressions of ergodic capacity for each user is derived. The simulation results show that an agreement between analytic performance and Monte-Carlo simulation can be achieved. 

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Power-Splitting Relaying Protocol in SWIPT Based Cooperative NOMA Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy-Huu Tran ◽  
Ca V Phan ◽  
Quoc-Tuan Vien
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Outage Probability ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Power Splitting ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Maximum Ratio Combining ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Simulation Results

Abstract This paper investigates a relay assisted simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) for downlink in cellular systems. Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (C-NOMA) is employed along with power splitting (PS) protocol to enable both energy harvesting (EH) and information processing (IP). A downlink model consists of a base station (BS) and two users is considered, in which the near user (NU) is selected as a relay to forward the received signal from the BS to the far user (FU). Maximum ratio combining is then employed at the FU to combine both the signals received from the BS and NU. Closed form expressions of outage propability (OP), throughput, ergodic rate and energy efficiency (EE) are firstly derived for the SWIPT based C-NOMA considering both scenarios of with and without direct link between the BS and FU. The impacts of EH time, EH efficiency, power-splitting ratio, source data rate and distance between different nodes on the performance are then investigated. The simulation results show that the C-NOMA with direct link achieves an outperformed performance over C-NOMA without direct link. Moreover, the performance of C-NOMA with direct link is also higher than that for OMA. Specifically, (i) the outage probability for C-NOMA in both direct and relaying link cases is always lower than that for OMA. (ii) the outage probability, throughput and ergodic rate vary according to β , (iii) the EE of both users can obtain in SNR range of from -10 to 5 dB and it decreases linearly as SNR increases. Numerical results are provided to verify the findings.

scholarly journals System Performance of Cooperative NOMA with Full-Duplex Relay over Nakagami-m Fading Channels

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-Xinh Nguyen ◽  
Dinh-Thuan Do
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channels ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Decode And Forward ◽  
Relay Systems ◽  
Channel Environment ◽  
Analytical Expressions ◽  
Dual User

In this paper, we consider a dual-user nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with the help of full-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) relay systems with respect to Nakagami-m fading channel environment. Especially, we derive the analytical expressions to evaluate system performance in terms of outage probability, achievable throughput, and energy efficiency. The main investigation is on considering how the fading parameters and transmitting power at the base station make crucial impacts on system performance in the various scenarios. Finally, simulations are conducted to confirm the validity of the analysis and show the system performance of NOMA under different fading parameters of Nakagami-m fading channels.

scholarly journals Exploiting Impact of Hardware Impairments in NOMA: Adaptive Transmission Mode in FD/HD and Application in Internet-of-Things

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Bao Le ◽  
Dinh-Thuan Do ◽  
Miroslav Voznak
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Relay Node ◽  
Ergodic Capacity ◽  
Adaptive Transmission ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Transmission Strategy ◽  
Hardware Impairments ◽  
Half Duplex

In this paper, a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system is studied for the Internet-of-Things (IoT) in which a master node intends to serve multiple client nodes. The adaptive transmission strategy is proposed at the relay node, i.e., the relay can be half-duplex (HD) and/or full duplex (FD). In practical terms, numerous low-cost devices are deployed in such IoT systems and it exhibits degraded performance due to hardware imperfections. In particular, the effects of hardware impairments in the NOMA users are investigated. Specifically, the closed-form expressions are derived for the outage probability. Moreover, the ergodic capacity is also analysed. This study also comparatively analyzes the orthogonal multiple access (OMA) and NOMA with HD and/or FD relaying. The numerical results are corroborated through Monte Carlo simulations.

scholarly journals A Spatial Group-Based Multi-User Full-Duplex OFDMA MAC Protocol for the Next-Generation WLAN

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3826
Author(s):  
Meiping Peng ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Zhongjiang Yan ◽  
Mao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Access ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
System Throughput ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Simulation Results

The Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) has become a dominant piece of technology to carry wireless traffic for Internet of Things (IoT). The next-generation high-density WLAN scenario is very suitable for the development trend of the industrial wireless sensor network. However, in the high-density deployed WLAN scenarios, the access efficiency is low due to severe collisions, and the interference is diffused due to the scattered locations of the parallel access stations (STAs), which results in low area throughput, i.e., low spatial reuse gain. A spatial group-based multi-user full-duplex orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) (GFDO) multiple access control (MAC) protocol is proposed. Firstly, the STAs in the network are divided into several spatial groups according to the neighbor channel sensing ability. Secondly, a two-level buffer state report (BSR) information collection mechanism based on P-probability is designed. Initially, intra-group STAs report their BSR information to the group header using low transmission power. After that, group headers report both their BSR information collected from their members and inter-group interference information to the access point (AP). Finally, AP schedules two spatial groups without mutual interference to carry on multi-user full duplex transmission on the subchannels in cascading mode. The closed-form formulas are theoretically derived, including the number of uplink STAs successfully collected by AP, the network throughput and area throughput under saturated traffic. The simulation results show that the theoretical analysis coincide with the simulation results. The system throughput of the GFDO protocol is 16.8% higher than that of EnFD-OMAX protocol.

scholarly journals Joint Full-Duplex/Half-Duplex Transmission-Switching Scheduling and Transmission-Energy Allocation in Cognitive Radio Networks with Energy Harvesting

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Hoan ◽  
Hiep Vu-Van ◽  
Insoo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Radio ◽  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cognitive Radio Networks ◽  
Radio Networks ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Transmission Protocol ◽  
Half Duplex ◽  
Cognitive User

The full-duplex transmission protocol has been widely investigated in the literature in order to improve radio spectrum usage efficiency. Unfortunately, due to the effect of imperfect self-interference suppression, the change in transmission power and path loss of non-line-of-sight fading channels will strongly affect performance of full-duplex transmission mode. This entails that the full-duplex transmission protocol is not always a better selection compared to the traditional half-duplex transmission protocol. Considering solar energy-harvesting-powered cognitive radio networks (CRNs), we investigate a joint full-duplex/half-duplex transmission switching scheduling and transmission power allocation in which we utilize the advantages of both half-duplex and full-duplex transmission modes for maximizing the long-term throughput of cognitive radio networks. First, we formulate the transmission rate of half-duplex and full-duplex links for fading channels between cognitive user and base station in which the channel gain is assumed to follow an exponential distribution. Afterward, by considering the availability probability of the primary channel, the limitation of the energy-harvesting capacity of the cognitive user, and the transmission capacity of half-duplex and full-duplex links, we describe the problem in terms of long-term expected throughput. The problem is then solved by adopting the partially observable Markov decision process framework to find the optimal transmission policy for the transmission pair between cognitive user and base station in order to maximize the long-term expected throughput. The optimal policy consists of either the half-duplex or the full-duplex transmission protocols as well as the corresponding amount of transmission energy in each time slot. In addition, to reduce the complexity in formulation and calculation, we also apply the actor–critic-based learning method to solve the considered problem. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme was evaluated by comparing it with a conventional scheme in which the context of energy harvesting and long-term throughput is not considered.

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