Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

2022 ◽  
pp. 1192-1211
Author(s):  
Cosmin Darab
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

Electric vehicles were proposed as a good solution to solving energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. In the last years due to the rapid development of the electric vehicles, the problem of power grid integration was addressed. In order to not put additional pressure onto the power grid several new technologies were developed. This chapter presents the smart grid technology, vehicle-to-grid concept, and electric vehicles grid integration. These technologies made possible the integration of electric vehicles without any major changes in the power grid. Moreover, electric vehicles integration brought new benefits to the power grid like better integration of renewable energy.

Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids

2019 ◽  
pp. 232-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmin Darab
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Energy Crisis ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

Electric vehicles were proposed as a good solution to solving energy crisis and environmental problems caused by the traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. In the last years due to the rapid development of the electric vehicles, the problem of power grid integration was addressed. In order to not put additional pressure onto the power grid several new technologies were developed. This chapter presents the smart grid technology, vehicle-to-grid concept, and electric vehicles grid integration. These technologies made possible the integration of electric vehicles without any major changes in the power grid. Moreover, electric vehicles integration brought new benefits to the power grid like better integration of renewable energy.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Survey on Cyber-Physical Smart Grid Testbed Architectures: Requirements and Challenges

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1043
Author(s):  
Abdallah A. Smadi ◽  
Babatunde Tobi Ajao ◽  
Brian K. Johnson ◽  
Hangtian Lei ◽  
Yacine Chakhchoukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Data

The integration of improved control techniques with advanced information technologies enables the rapid development of smart grids. The necessity of having an efficient, reliable, and flexible communication infrastructure is achieved by enabling real-time data exchange between numerous intelligent and traditional electrical grid elements. The performance and efficiency of the power grid are enhanced with the incorporation of communication networks, intelligent automation, advanced sensors, and information technologies. Although smart grid technologies bring about valuable economic, social, and environmental benefits, testing the combination of heterogeneous and co-existing Cyber-Physical-Smart Grids (CP-SGs) with conventional technologies presents many challenges. The examination for both hardware and software components of the Smart Grid (SG) system is essential prior to the deployment in real-time systems. This can take place by developing a prototype to mimic the real operational circumstances with adequate configurations and precision. Therefore, it is essential to summarize state-of-the-art technologies of industrial control system testbeds and evaluate new technologies and vulnerabilities with the motivation of stimulating discoveries and designs. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the advancement of CP-SGs with their corresponding testbeds including diverse testing paradigms has been performed. In particular, we broadly discuss CP-SG testbed architectures along with the associated functions and main vulnerabilities. The testbed requirements, constraints, and applications are also discussed. Finally, the trends and future research directions are highlighted and specified.

scholarly journals Sustainable and Resilient Smart House Using the Internal Combustion Engine of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6046
Author(s):  
Ahad Abessi ◽  
Elham Shirazi ◽  
Shahram Jadid ◽  
Miadreza Shafie-khah
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Power Outage ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Smart House ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Nowadays, due to the increasing number of disasters, improving distribution system resiliency is a new challenging issue for researchers. One of the main methods for improving the resiliency in distribution systems is to supply critical loads after disasters during the power outage and before system restorations. In this paper, a “Sustainable and resilient smart house” is introduced for the first time by using plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). PHEVs have the ability to use their fuel for generating electricity in emergency situations as the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) scheme. This ability, besides smart house control management, provides an opportunity for distribution system operators to use their extra energy for supplying a critical load in the system. The proposed control strategy in this paper is dedicated to a short duration power outage, which includes a large percent of the events. Then, improvement of the resiliency of distribution systems is investigated through supplying smart residential customers and injecting extra power to the main grid. A novel formulation is proposed for increasing the injected power of the smart house to the main grid using PHEVs. The effectiveness of the proposed method in increasing power injection during power outages is shown in simulation results.

Electrifying Transportation

Greenovation ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 94-121
Author(s):  
Joan Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grid Integration ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Charging Stations

Cities have a key role in accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles, particularly in building charging infrastructure. This chapter examines the efforts of five leading cities—three European cities and two in the United States—each with a different set of challenges. It shows that they have different strategies for addressing regulatory and planning issues that determine what types of charging stations can be placed where and how to charge for electricity. Some cities are electrifying their bus fleets and supporting the transition of taxi fleets and delivery vehicles to electric. Several are examining ways to charge using renewable power. And a few cities are pursuing vehicle-to-grid integration—two-way interaction in which cars can push power back into the grid during periods of peak demand. The electrified transportation experiments in these five cities have met largely with success, and their innovations are already spreading to others.

scholarly journals Smart Grid Virtualisation for Grid-Based Routing

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Armin Veichtlbauer ◽  
Alexander Heinisch ◽  
Ferdinand von von Tüllenburg ◽  
Peter Dorfinger ◽  
Oliver Langthaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Correct Data ◽  
Load Impact

Due to changed power consumption patterns, technological advance and deregulation, the appearance of the power grid in the low and medium voltage segment has changed. The spread of heating and cooling with electrical energy and an increase of electric vehicles as well as the broad rollout of photovoltaic systems has a major impact on the peak power demand of modern households and the volatility smart grids have to face. Thus, besides the load impact of the growing population of electric vehicles, modern households are not only consumers of electrical power, but also power producers, so called prosumers. The rising number of prosumers and the limitations of grid capacities lead to an increasingly distributed system of heterogeneous components, which have to be managed and operated with locality and scalability in mind. Virtualisation technologies, particularly known as state of the art in data centre computing, can lead to a paradigm shift needed to meet the growing demands of this evolution. A key issue here is to forward data to the correct data sinks, where data are required in order to keep the grid balanced. This routing process has to be able to react on grid changes in a timely manner, i.e., it must be based on the instantaneous state of the grid. In this paper, we propose a solution based on virtualising the communication infrastructure in the low and medium voltage grid. We evaluate two different approaches. The first approach is based on SDN; an ONOS SDN controller is used to change the behaviour of the communication infrastructure according to information provided by components of the power grid. The second approach uses Coaty and a Mosquitto MQTT broker to deliver messages to the desired endpoint, again based on information from the power grid.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Single-Phase On-Board Charger with Advanced Controller

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1280-1286
Author(s):  
Mr. Akshay A. Khandare
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
Battery Charger ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Electric Vehicle Battery ◽  
Control Topology

Abstract: The increasing mobility of electric vehicles has inspired vehicle growth to power grid technology. Such as vehicle to grid technology allows to transfer the power from the electric vehicle battery to the power grid. This enable speak load shaving, load leveling, voltage regulation, and improved stability of the power system. To develop the vehicle to grid technology requires a specialized EV battery charger, which permits the bi-directional energy transfer between the power grid and the electric vehicle battery. There is a specific control strategy used for a bi-directional battery charger. The proposed control strategy is used for charge and discharge battery of EV. The charger strategy has two parts: 1) Bidirectional AC-DC Converter in two-way Communication System. 2) Bidirectional DC-DC Buck-Boost Converter. There are two modes of operation for a bidirectional ac-dc converter: for G2V, rectifying mode is used, and for V2G, inverter mode is used. The suggested charge strategy not only allows for two-directional power flow but also provides power quality management of the power grid. Fuzzy logic controller (FLC) transforms linguistic control topology evaluations knowledge into an automated control topology using FLC. The FLC is more stable, has less overshoot, and responds quickly. The operation of a standard PI controller and a FLC was compared in this study using MATLAB and Simulink, and different time domain characteristics were compared as toshow that the FLC had a smaller overshoot and a faster response than the PI controller. Keywords: Bi-directional AC-DC converter, bi-directional DC-DC Buck-Boost converter, electric vehicles (EVs), on-board battery charger (OBC), grid to vehicle (G2V), vehicle to grid (V2G).

Electric Vehicles and the Vehicle-to-Grid Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 4361-4365
Author(s):  
Yi Yun Tu ◽  
Xiao Yan Bian ◽  
Can Li ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Hong Zhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
Transition Path ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Power Spinning ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
Renewable Energy Storage ◽  
Spinning Reserves

Electric vehicles(EVs) potentially provide some valued services to the power grid. In this paper, a review of the history, the concept, the types of EVs are discussed. Meanwhile, as EVs moves to electric drive, an opportunity opens for “vehicle-to-grid” (V2G). V2G describes a system in which battery EVs, plug-in hybrid EVs or fuel cell Evs communicate with the power grid to provide peak power, spinning reserves or regulation services. In addition, it can provide renewable energy storage and backup in the future. So the functions, the scheme , the transition path and the foreground of V2G are introduced.

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