scholarly journals LED Module Calibration Strategy to Improve Measurement Accuracy of TRO Concentration

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2410
Author(s):  
Gwang-Ho Lee ◽  
Do-Hyun Kim ◽  
Min-Soo Kim ◽  
Hee-Je Kim ◽  
Sung-Shin Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ballast Water ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Calibration Algorithm

In order to limit various alien species by ballast water, electrolysis of ballast water is used to sterilize microorganisms. In this process, total residual oxidizer (TRO) is produced, and it is necessary to measure the precise TRO concentration to prevent excessive disinfection by-products and limit emissions. In this TRO concentration measurement system, a white LED module and RGB sensor are used to measure the absorbance through the DPD colorimetric method. The intensity of LED light has a little error for each LED module. In addition, the effect of LED aging in which the intensity of the light source decreases with the elapsed time. For this reason, the TRO concentration measurement error increases. To solve this problem, we propose an LED module calibration algorithm by current PI control and an optimal LED operation time derivation to reduce the effect of LED aging. A large number of LED modules were applied to various seawater environments. In the conventional method, the measurement accuracy and precision of the average TRO concentration were 6.56% and 9.54%, respectively, and measurement accuracy and precision through the proposed algorithm and LED aging optimization were greatly reduced to 0.10% and 0.85%, respectively. In addition, we derived that LED aging was minimized when the measurement time of LED light was 1 s and the turn-off time of the LED light was 10 s. Through these experimental results, we confirmed that the non-uniform LED light is improved by the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, the standard values for TRO concentration measurement (accuracy: less than 5%, precision: less than 2%) were satisfied.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Variable-Gain Kalman Filter Based on Angle Error Calculated from Acceleration Signals in Lower Limb Angle Measurement with Inertial Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Teruyama ◽  
Takashi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Error ◽  
Variable Gain ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Kalman Gain ◽  
Acceleration Signals

The wearable sensor system developed by our group, which measured lower limb angles using Kalman-filtering-based method, was suggested to be useful in evaluation of gait function for rehabilitation support. However, it was expected to reduce variations of measurement errors. In this paper, a variable-Kalman-gain method based on angle error that was calculated from acceleration signals was proposed to improve measurement accuracy. The proposed method was tested comparing to fixed-gain Kalman filter and a variable-Kalman-gain method that was based on acceleration magnitude used in previous studies. First, in angle measurement in treadmill walking, the proposed method measured lower limb angles with the highest measurement accuracy and improved significantly foot inclination angle measurement, while it improved slightly shank and thigh inclination angles. The variable-gain method based on acceleration magnitude was not effective for our Kalman filter system. Then, in angle measurement of a rigid body model, it was shown that the proposed method had measurement accuracy similar to or higher than results seen in other studies that used markers of camera-based motion measurement system fixing on a rigid plate together with a sensor or on the sensor directly. The proposed method was found to be effective in angle measurement with inertial sensors.

Research on Data Aggregation Algorithms Based on OPT in Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 1991-1994
Author(s):  
Xue Wen He ◽  
Le Ping Zheng ◽  
Kuan Gang Fan ◽  
Sun Han ◽  
Qing Mei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Battery Energy

Since wireless sensor networks consist of sensors with limited battery energy, a major design goal is to maximize the lifetime of sensor network. To improve measurement accuracy and prolong network lifetime, reducing data traffic is needed. In the clustering-based wireless sensor networks, a novel data aggregation algorithm based on OPT and Layida Method is proposed. In the proposed method, Layida Method preprocesses data and data fusion model for data integration are used. Its availability is proved by comparing with the results of two existing algorithms.

THE ESTIMATION OF 3α-HYDROXY-5α-ANDROST-16-ENE AND OTHER C19-Δ16-STEROIDS IN URINE BY GAS-LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. L. Brooksbank ◽  
D. B. Gower
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Urinary Excretion Rate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Preliminary Purification ◽  
Normal Men

ABSTRACT A method is described for the quantitative estimation of C19-Δ16-steroids in human urine. After extraction and preliminary purification by the method of Brooksbank & Haslewood (1961), the steroids were analyzed as chloromethyl dimethylsilyl ethers by gas-liquid chromatography. The specificity, accuracy and precision of the method were found to be satisfactory and comparison with the colorimetric method of Brooksbank & Haslewood (1961) for urinary 3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene showed a high correlation coefficient, r = 0.97 (P < 0.001). Figures are given for the urinary excretion rate of 3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene of normal men and women and of some women suffering from hirsutism and from adrenocortical overactivity. The values are given for 3α-hydroxy-5β-androst-16-ene and 3β-hydroxyandrosta-5,16-diene in pools of urine from healthy men and women.

Determination of Menthol in Cigarette Tobacco Filler

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 770-773
Author(s):  
Charles L Tucker ◽  
C L Ogg
Keyword(s):  
Chromatographic Method ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Gas Chromatographic Method

Abstract A gas chromatographic and a colorimetric method for determining menthol in cigarette tobacco filler were studied collaboratively by 15 laboratories. No statistically significant differences were found in the precisions within or between laboratories. There were no significant differences between mean values for the two methods for any of the samples. Trends toward higher mean values for the colorimetric method and lower within-laboratory standard deviations for the gas chromatographic method were noted. Remarks by collaborators suggest that the accuracy and precision of the colorimetric method may be improved, and further studies are recommended.

scholarly journals The Effect of Deflections and Elastic Deformations on Geometrical Deviation and Shape Profile Measurements of Large Crankshafts with Uncontrolled Supports

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nozdrzykowski ◽  
Stanisław Adamczak ◽  
Zenon Grządziel ◽  
Paweł Dunaj
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Point Support ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Geometric Deviations ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis

This article presents a multi-criteria analysis of the errors that may occur while measuring the geometric deviations of crankshafts that require multi-point support. The analysis included in the paper confirmed that the currently used conventional support method—in which the journals of large crankshafts rest on a set of fixed rigid vee-blocks—significantly limits the detectability of their geometric deviations, especially those of the main journal axes’ positions. Insights for performing practical measurements, which will improve measurement procedures and increase measurement accuracy, are provided. The results are presented both graphically and as discrete amplitude spectra to make a visual, qualitative comparison, which is complemented by a quantitative assessment based on correlation analysis.

Monodispersion Soot Particle Interference on NO2 Concentration Measurement Accuracy Using NDIR

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Zhao ◽  
Shou Guang Cheng ◽  
Bin Qu
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Soot Particle ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Characteristic Wavelength ◽  
The Impact

NDIR is one of the NO2 concentration measurement methods. The NO2 concentration can be figured out by measuring the attenuation of the infrared light intensity on the characteristic wavelength. But the infrared light intensity is also attenuated by the monodispersion soot particles because of the particles absorption and scattering. So the monodispersion soot particles can impact the NO2 concentration accuracy. The interference of the monodispersion particles is discussed in the paper. Simulation results show that the impact parameters on the NO2 concentration accuracy include the received scattering angle range, particle size and concentration. The solution method is brought out and NO2 concentration measurement accuracy can be improved.

Protection Window Pollution Interference of the Monodispersion Soot on Measuring SO2 Concentration Using NDIR

2012 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Zhao ◽  
Dong Xing Wang ◽  
Yi Chen Lu ◽  
Rui Kun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Solution Method ◽  
Soot Particle ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Concentration Measurement ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Original Measurement ◽  
Simulation Results

The non-dispersive infrared absorption spectrum method is one of the important sulfur dioxide concentration measurement method. If the soot particles attach on the protection windows surface, the original measurement light intensity is attenuated because of the absorption and scattering of the soot particle and the sulfur dioxide concentration measurement accuracy is decreased. The protection window pollution question caused by the monodispersion soot particles is discussed in the paper. The numerical simulation results show that the sulfur dioxide concentration measurement accuracy is related to the protection window pollution. The solution method is brought out and the measurement accuracy can be improved.

scholarly journals Thermal properties of thin films made from MoS2 nanoflakes and probed via statistical optothermal Raman method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz P. Gertych ◽  
Anna Łapińska ◽  
Karolina Czerniak-Łosiewicz ◽  
Anna Dużyńska ◽  
Mariusz Zdrojek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Gaussian Laser Beam ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Stability Issues

Abstract A deep understanding of the thermal properties of 2D materials is crucial to their implementation in electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this study, we investigated the macroscopic in-plane thermal conductivity (κ) and thermal interface conductance (g) of large-area (mm2) thin film made from MoS2 nanoflakes via liquid exfoliation and deposited on Si/SiO2 substrate. We found κ and g to be 1.5 W/mK and 0.23 MW/m2K, respectively. These values are much lower than those of single flakes. This difference shows the effects of interconnections between individual flakes on macroscopic thin film parameters. The properties of a Gaussian laser beam and statistical optothermal Raman mapping were used to obtain sample parameters and significantly improve measurement accuracy. This work demonstrates how to address crucial stability issues in light-sensitive materials and can be used to understand heat management in MoS2 and other 2D flake-based thin films.

Surface-positioned double-ring to improve traditional infiltrometer for measuring soil infiltration

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Shaopeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Wetting Front ◽  
Double Ring ◽  
Improve Measurement

The installation of a traditional double-ring infiltrometer (DRI) into soil is difficult and time consuming. It results in reduced accuracy because of soil disturbance and water leakage along the gaps between the ring wall and the soil. In this study, a surface-positioned DRI (SPDRI) was suggested to improve measurement accuracy and convenience of the DRI. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate performance of the method in terms of the influence of the lateral flow of water on the accuracy of infiltration rate, average vertical wetting front depth and saturated hydraulic conductivity. A cylindrical soil column was used to simulate the ideal ring infiltrometer (IRI) of the one-dimensional vertical infiltration process for comparison purposes. Experimental results indicated that the infiltration rates measured by the SPDRI and IRI were nearly identical, with maximum relative error (RE) of 18.75%. The vertical wetting front depth of the SPDRI was nearly identical to that of the IRI, with proportional coefficients of 0.97 and R2 &gt; 0.95. Comparison of the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity with those from IRI indicated that the REs were 7.05–10.63% for the SPDRI. Experimental results demonstrated that the SPDRI could improve the measurement accuracy and facilitate the soil water infiltration measurement process.

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