scholarly journals A Survey on LoRaWAN Technology: Recent Trends, Opportunities, Simulation Tools and Future Directions

Electronics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Mukarram A. M. Almuhaya ◽  
Waheb A. Jabbar ◽  
Noorazliza Sulaiman ◽  
Suliman Abdulmalek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Small Data ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Comparative Review

Low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technologies play a pivotal role in IoT applications, owing to their capability to meet the key IoT requirements (e.g., long range, low cost, small data volumes, massive device number, and low energy consumption). Between all obtainable LPWAN technologies, long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) technology has attracted much interest from both industry and academia due to networking autonomous architecture and an open standard specification. This paper presents a comparative review of five selected driving LPWAN technologies, including NB-IoT, SigFox, Telensa, Ingenu (RPMA), and LoRa/LoRaWAN. The comparison shows that LoRa/LoRaWAN and SigFox surpass other technologies in terms of device lifetime, network capacity, adaptive data rate, and cost. In contrast, NB-IoT technology excels in latency and quality of service. Furthermore, we present a technical overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its main features, opportunities, and open issues. We also compare the most important simulation tools for investigating and analyzing LoRa/LoRaWAN network performance that has been developed recently. Then, we introduce a comparative evaluation of LoRa simulators to highlight their features. Furthermore, we classify the recent efforts to improve LoRa/LoRaWAN performance in terms of energy consumption, pure data extraction rate, network scalability, network coverage, quality of service, and security. Finally, although we focus more on LoRa/LoRaWAN issues and solutions, we introduce guidance and directions for future research on LPWAN technologies.

Comparison between objective and subjective measurements of quality of service over an Optical Wide Area network

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Matera ◽  
Francesca Matteotti ◽  
Paolo Pasquali ◽  
Luca Rea ◽  
Alessandro Tarantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Subjective Measurements

scholarly journals A Long-Distance Communication Architecture for Medical Devices Based on LoRaWAN Protocol

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Cristina Gaitan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Low Energy Consumption ◽  
Distance Communication

Recent market studies show that the market for remote monitoring devices of different medical parameters will grow exponentially. Globally, more than 4 million individuals will be monitored remotely from the perspective of different health parameters by 2023. Of particular importance is the way of remote transmission of the information acquired from the medical sensors. At this time, there are several methods such as Bluetooth, WI-FI, or other wireless communication interfaces. Recently, the communication based on LoRa (Long Range) technology has had an explosive development that allows the transmission of information over long distances with low energy consumption. The implementation of the IoT (Internet of Things) applications using LoRa devices based on open Long Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) protocol for long distances with low energy consumption can also be used in the medical field. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed and developed a long-distance communication architecture for medical devices based on the LoRaWAN protocol that allows data communications over a distance of more than 10 km.

„Stadtwerke sind prädestiniert für IoT“

BWK ENERGIE. ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (01-02) ◽  
pp. 24-25
Author(s):  
Alexander Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Internet Der Dinge

IOT | Das Internet der Dinge (IoT) ist bei Stadtwerken zum Trendthema avanciert. Die items GmbH aus Münster, Full-Service-IT-Dienstleister für die Versorgungsbranche, baut aktuell ein interdisziplinäres IoT-Team auf, um Stadtwerke beim Aufbau und Betrieb von Infrastrukturen im Bereich der Long-Range-Wide-Area-Network (LoRaWAN)-Technologie unterstützen zu können. Im Gespräch mit BWK erläutert Alexander Sommer, Leiter Innovation & Transformation, die Strategie von items.

scholarly journals Demand side management using the internet of energy based on LoRaWAN technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om-Kolsoom Shahryari ◽  
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam ◽  
Shadi Shahryari
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Telecommunication System ◽  
Processing Level

The smart grid, as a communication network, allows numerous connected devices such as sensors, relays and actuators to interact and cooperate with each other. An Internet-based solution for electricity that provides bidirectional flow of information and power is internet of energy (IoE) which is an extension of smart grid concept. A large number of connected devices and the huge amount of data generated by IoE and issues related to data transmission, process and storage, force IoE to be integrated by cloud computing. Furthermore, in order to enhance the performance and reduce the volume of transmitted data and process information in an acceptable time, fog computing is suggested as a layer between IoE layer and cloud layer. This layer is used as a local processing level that leads to reduction in data transmissions to the cloud. So, it can save energy consumption used by IoE devices to transmit data into cloud because of a long range, low power, wide area and low bit rate wireless telecommunication system which is called LoRaWAN. All devices in fog domain are connected by long range wide area network (LoRa) into a smart gateway.  The gateway which bridges fog domain and cloud, is introduced for scheduling devices/appliances by creating a priority queue which can perform demand side management dynamically. The queue is affected by not only the consumer importance but also the consumer policies and the status of energy resources.

scholarly journals Simple LoRa Protocol: Protokol Komunikasi LoRa Untuk Sistem Pemantauan Multisensor

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Didik Widianto ◽  
Al Arthur Faizal ◽  
Dania Eridani ◽  
Richard Dwi Olympus Augustinus ◽  
Michael SM Pakpahan
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

Standar terbuka pada sistem komunikasi LoRa (Long Range) menyebabkan perbedaan cara implementasi dalam setiap penggunaannya. LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) sebagai protokol bawaan LoRa masih mempunyai beberapa kekurangan yang menyebabkannya kurang efektif untuk diimplementasikan pada sistem tertentu. Penelitian ini mengembangkan protokol SLP (Simple LoRa Protocol) sebagai alternatif protokol komunikasi dan arsitektur jaringan yang didesain berdasarkan kekurangan yang dimiliki oleh LoRaWAN. Protokol ini mendefinisikan format data dan proses komunikasi antara client dan gateway dalam mode setup untuk pendaftaran node secara mandiri dan polling untuk transaksi data. Proses setup mampu mengenali node dengan konfigurasi sensor beragam dan dapat mengirmkan data dari node ke gateway dengan baik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa SLP menghasilkan peningkatan performa QoS dalam throughput dan packet loss dari LoRaWAN menggunakan modulasi yang sama.

Deutschlandweites LoRaWAN-Netz im Visier

BWK ENERGIE. ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 20-21
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

IOT-NETZE | Die Minol Zenner Connect GmbH bietet Stadtwerken und Industriebetrieben Unterstützung beim Long-Range-Wide-Area-Network (LoRaWAN)-Aufbau an. Das neue Unternehmen hat sich ein ambitioniertes Ziel gesteckt: Lokale Infrastrukturen sollen deutschlandweit zu einem möglichst flächendeckenden Funknetz verknüpft werden.

scholarly journals An Adaptive Spreading Factor Selection Scheme for a Single Channel LoRa Modem

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungku Kim ◽  
Heonkook Lee ◽  
Sungho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Spreading Factor ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Data Rates

When the low power wide area network (LPWAN) was developed for the internet of things (IoT), it attracted significant attention. LoRa, which is one of the LPWAN technologies, provides low-power and long-range wireless communication using a frequency band under 1 GHz. A long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) provides a simple star topology network that is not scalable; it supports multi-data rates by adjusting the spreading factor, code rate, and bandwidth. This paper proposes an adaptive spreading factor selection scheme for corresponding spreading factors (SFs) between a transmitter and receiver. The scheme enables the maximum throughput and minimum network cost, using cheap single channel LoRa modules. It provides iterative SF inspection and an SF selection algorithm that allows each link to communicate at independent data rates. We implemented a multi-hop LoRa network and evaluated the performance of experiments in various network topologies. The adaptive spreading factor selection (ASFS) scheme showed outstanding end-to-end throughput, peaking at three times the performance of standalone modems. We expect the ASFS scheme will be a suitable technology for applications requiring high throughput on a multi-hop network.

scholarly journals A Dual Key-Based Activation Scheme for Secure LoRaWAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyu Kim ◽  
JooSeok Song
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Session Key ◽  
Original Scheme ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Constrained Devices

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, we are experiencing rapid technological progress. Billions of devices are connected to each other, and our homes, cities, hospitals, and schools are getting smarter and smarter. However, to realize the IoT, several challenging issues such as connecting resource-constrained devices to the Internet must be resolved. Recently introduced Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies have been devised to resolve this issue. Among many LPWAN candidates, the Long Range (LoRa) is one of the most promising technologies. The Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a communication protocol for LoRa that provides basic security mechanisms. However, some security loopholes exist in LoRaWAN’s key update and session key generation. In this paper, we propose a dual key-based activation scheme for LoRaWAN. It resolves the problem of key updates not being fully supported. In addition, our scheme facilitates each layer in generating its own session key directly, which ensures the independence of all layers. Real-world experimental results compared with the original scheme show that the proposed scheme is totally feasible in terms of delay and battery consumption.

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