A Review of Microwave Assisted Liquefaction of Ligninin Hydrogen Donor Solvents: Effect of Solvents and Catalysts

Lignin, a renewable source of aromatic chemicals in nature, has attracted increasing attention due to its structure and application prospect. Catalytic solvolysis has developed as a promising method for the production of value-added products from lignin. The liquefaction process is closely associated with heating methods, catalysts and solvents. Microwave assisted lignin liquefaction in hydrogen donor solvent with the presence of catalysts has been confirmed to be effective to promote the production of liquid fuels or fine chemicals. A great number of researchers should be greatly appreciated on account of their contributions on the progress of microwave technology in lignin liquefaction. In this study, microwave assisted liquefaction of lignin in a hydrogen donor solvent is extensively overviewed, concerning the effect of different solvents and catalysts. This review concludes that microwave assisted liquefaction is a promising technology for the valorization of lignin, which could reduce the reaction time, decrease the reaction temperature, and finally fulfill the utilization of lignin in a relatively mild condition. In the future, heterogeneous catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability need to be prepared to achieve the need for large-scale production of high-quality fuels and value-added chemicals from lignin.

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Theoretical Study on the Mechanism of Hydrogen Donation and Transfer for Hydrogen-Donor Solvents during Direct Coal Liquefaction

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal8120648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 648 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haigang Hao ◽

Tong Chang ◽

Linxia Cui ◽

Ruiqing Sun ◽

Rui Gao

Keyword(s):

Density Functional ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Hydrogen Donor ◽

Coal Liquefaction ◽

Hydrogen Atoms ◽

Functional Theory ◽

Donor Solvent ◽

National Energy Security ◽

Liquefaction Process ◽

Direct Coal Liquefaction

As a country that is poor in petroleum yet rich in coal, it is significant for China to develop direct coal liquefaction (DCL) technology to relieve the pressure from petroleum shortages to guarantee national energy security. To improve the efficiency of the direct coal liquefaction process, scientists and researchers have made great contributions to studying and developing highly efficient hydrogen donor (H-donor) solvents. Nevertheless, the details of hydrogen donation and the transfer pathways of H-donor solvents are still unclear. The present work examined hydrogen donation and transfer pathways using a model H-donor solvent, tetralin, by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The reaction condition and state of the solvent (gas or liquid) were considered, and the specific elementary reaction routes for hydrogen donation and transfer were calculated. In the DCL process, the dominant hydrogen donation mechanism was the concerted mechanism. The sequence of tetralin donating hydrogen atoms was α-H (C1–H) > δ-H (C4–H) > β-H (C2–H) > γ-H (C3–H). Compared to methyl, it was relatively hard for benzyl to obtain the first hydrogen atom from tetralin, while it was relatively easy to obtain the second and third hydrogen atoms from tetralin. Comparatively, it was easier for coal radicals to capture hydrogen atoms from the H-donor solvent than to obtain hydrogen atoms from hydrogen gas.

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Heterologous overexpression of bacterial hemoglobin VHb improves erythritol biosynthesis by yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/s12934-019-1231-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aleksandra M. Mirończuk ◽

Katarzyna E. Kosiorowska ◽

Anna Biegalska ◽

Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka ◽

Mateusz Szczepańczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽

Large Scale ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Value Added ◽

Efficient Production ◽

Scale Production ◽

Foam Formation ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Bacterial Hemoglobin ◽

Oxygen Conditions

Abstract Background Yarrowia lipolytica is an unconventional yeast with a huge industrial potential. Despite many advantages for biotechnological applications, it possesses enormous demand for oxygen, which is a bottleneck in large scale production. In this study a codon optimized bacterial hemoglobin from Vitreoscilla stercoraria (VHb) was overexpressed in Y. lipolytica for efficient growth and erythritol synthesis from glycerol in low-oxygen conditions. Erythritol is a natural sweetener produced by Y. lipolytica under high osmotic pressure and at low pH, and this process requires high oxygen demand. Results Under these conditions the VHb overexpressing strain showed mostly yeast-type cells resulting in 83% higher erythritol titer in shake-flask experiments. During a bioreactor study the engineered strain showed higher erythritol productivity (QERY = 0.38 g/l h) and yield (YERY = 0.37 g/g) in comparison to the control strain (QERY = 0.30 g/l h, YERY = 0.29 g/g). Moreover, low stirring during the fermentation process resulted in modest foam formation. Conclusions This study showed that overexpression of VHb in Y. lipolytica allows for dynamic growth and efficient production of a value-added product from a low-value substrate.

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Research on the Radical Innovation of C2M Business Model—A Case Study on Redcollar MTM Men’s Suits in China

International Journal of Business and Management ◽

10.5539/ijbm.v11n4p194 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yingfen Zhou ◽

Ming Xu ◽

Rong Di

Keyword(s):

Business Model ◽

Large Scale ◽

Manufacturing Industry ◽

Production Efficiency ◽

Value Added ◽

Radical Innovation ◽

High Tech ◽

Scale Production ◽

Traditional Manufacturing

<p class="AbstractWCCM"><span lang="EN-US">For recently years, with the deep integration of informatization and industrialization, traditional manufacturing industries in China have been investigating for the road of transformation and upgrading. A Chinese garment enterprise, named Redcollar Group of China, has successfully transformed and upgraded to high-tech industry with high value added from labor-intensive industry. It is very important to explore the reason, method and business model it has created so as to provide some beneficial advice to China’s traditional manufactures. In this case study, indirect research, field research, comparison research and customers’ experience methods have been used. As a result, it is found that the enterprise has successfully created a C2M business mode of men's custom suits and has succeeded in producing customization suits with large-scale production efficiency. Being the first factory in the world by using industrialization measures to produce thoroughly customized men’s suits, the Redcollar’s C2M model is the revolutionary and disruptive radical innovation which breaks through the traditional suits making, the traditional clothing manufacturing model, the value perception of traditional manufacturing industry and the existing business regulations. </span></p>

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Microwave-assisted heating synthesis: a general and rapid strategy for large-scale production of highly crystalline g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic H2 production

Green Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c4gc01517g ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (11) ◽

pp. 4663-4668 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

Yu-Peng Yuan ◽

Li-Sha Yin ◽

Shao-Wen Cao ◽

Li-Na Gu ◽

Geng-Sheng Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

H2 Production ◽

Scale Production ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Large Scale Production

g-C3N4 can be fabricated in minutes for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production through a microwave-assisted heating urea process.

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APPLICATION OF WASTE BANANA PEELS AS BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC

Science Proceedings Series ◽

10.31580/sps.v1i2.786 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 128-130

Author(s):

NUR ATHIRAH HUZAISHAM

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Biodegradable Plastic ◽

Organic Polymer ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Scale Production ◽

Plastic Pollution ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Materials Used

The world today seems unimaginable without plastics or synthetic organic polymer, however their large-scale production and use only dates back to 1950 (1). The resulting rapid growth in plastics production is remarkable, surpassing most other man-made materials. The study presents the utilization of banana peel as biodegradable plastic to substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic. The objectives of this research are to aims to develop and produce biodegradable plastic that will substitute the existing non-biodegradable plastic to help in saving the environment as well as to compare the properties of biodegradable plastic based on banana peel with the commercial biodegradable plastic. The use of waste banana peel in this study is mainly to replace the synthetic materials used in the conventional biodegradable plastic. Furthermore, the environmental pollutions can be reduced due to the usage of waste banana peels to produce a new value-added biodegradable plastic. Keywords : Banana peel, biodegradable plastic, pollution, environment

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Design and Construction of Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Waste Coconut Shell for the Isolation of Pyroligneous Acid

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v3i18.4745 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽

Haniif Prasetiawan ◽

Widi Astuti ◽

Wara Dyah Pita Rengga ◽

Dimas Rahadian Aji Muhammad

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Research Center ◽

Scale Production ◽

Pyrolysis Process ◽

Biomass Waste ◽

Pyroligneous Acid

As a country with a large amount of natural resources, Indonesia should be able to convert this material into more value added product. However, most of the natural resources were sold as a raw material. Process system engineering research center is one of the solution to overcome this problem by developing an integrated and systematic technology. Through this research center, output of the research can be scaled up for large scale production and also can be commercialized to increase the community welfare. One of natural resources which has not been optimally utilized is waste coconut shell (WCS). Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world with areal production of 3.88 ha and 3.2 million ton of coconut products. Several problems arefacedbycoconutagroindustry,i.e.thelackofcoconutbasedproductdiversiﬁcation and also the large number of WCS. WCS is one of organic waste, however it is quite hard to be decomposed by the microorganism due to its hard texture. This problem may gave high potential in the environmental pollution. In this research, WCS is going to be used as a raw material for pyroligneous acid through pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis is a method that is usually used to convert a biomass waste sources into a valuable product through thermal decomposition process without the presence of oxygen. This process will produce solid (char), liquid (bio-oil, tar and pyroligneous acid) and gas. Pyroligneous acid is commonly obtained as a side product from the production of active carbon and to date it has not been utilized economically. In the other hand, pyroligneous acid can be used as an anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-bioﬁlm and also as an anti inﬂammatory. This properties are available due to the presence of organic matter and phenolic compound in the pyroligneous acid. This characteristics showedthatpyroligneousacidishighlypotentialasrawmaterialindrugsandpharmacy industries. Pyrolysis process requires high temperature which has range between 500 – 600 ∘C. In this paper, it will be discussed a pyrolysis equipment design and productionofpyroligneousacidfromWCSbyusingmicrowave-assistedpyrolysis(MAP).

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Recycling of Waste Tyre into Silica-Rubber Compounds for Green Tyre Application

10.21203/rs.3.rs-460181/v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joyeeta Ghosh ◽

Sakrit Hait ◽

Soumyajit Ghorai ◽

Dipankar Mondal ◽

Gert Heinrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Value Added ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Scale Production ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Rubber Compounds ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Devulcanized Rubber

Abstract The prevention of detrimental effects to environment, owing to generation of a huge amount of rubber wastes, is a big challenge across the globe that warrants a thorough investigation of recycling and reuses waste of rubber products. In this spirit a sustainable development of a devulcanization process along with the production of value added devulcanized rubber is a task of hours. The present work describes a simultaneous devulcanization and chemical functionalisation process of waste solution styrene butadiene rubber (S-SBR). This kind of rubber is generally used as the main polymer component in silica filled tread rubber compounds for high-performance passenger car tyres. As-grown ethoxy groups on the functionalized devulcanized styrene butadiene rubber (D-SBR) are exploited for the coupling between silica and the devulcanized rubber chains. We compare the mechanical and dynamic mechanical performance of D-SBR with that of virgin SBR control composites. Covalently bonding interfaces developed from the pendent ethoxy groups of D-SBR and silanol groups on the silica surface offer a competitive and promising performance of the D-SBR based composites. We conclude that the present approach can be further utilized for the large-scale production of different rubber products with satisfied elastomeric performance.

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Synthesis and Processing of Melt Spun Materials from Esterified Lignin with Lactic Acid

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9245361 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (24) ◽

pp. 5361 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Panagiotis Goulis ◽

Ioannis Kartsonakis ◽

George Konstantopoulos ◽

Costas Charitidis

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Thermal Processing ◽

Large Scale ◽

Value Added ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Scale Production ◽

Fibrous Materials ◽

Melt Spun

In this study, the carbon fiber manufacturing process is investigated, using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and esterified lignin either with lactic acid (LA) or with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as precursors. More specifically, lignin was modified using either LA or PLA in order to increase its chemical affinity with HDPE. The modified compounds were continuously melt spun to fibrous materials by blending with HDPE in order to fabricate a carbon fiber precursor. The obtained products were characterized with respect to their morphology, as well as their structure and chemical composition. Moreover, an assessment of both physical and structural transformations after modification of lignin with LA and PLA was performed in order to evaluate the spinning ability of the composite fibers, as well as the thermal processing to carbon fibers. This bottom–up approach seems to be able to provide a viable route considering large scale production in order to transform lignin in value-added product. Tensile tests revealed that the chemical lignin modification allowed an enhancement in its spinning ability due to its compatibility improvement with the commercial low-cost and thermoplastic HDPE polymer. Finally, stabilization and carbonization thermal processing was performed in order to obtain carbon fibers.

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Integration of Algal Biofuels With Bioremediation Coupled Industrial Commodities Towards Cost-Effectiveness

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.735141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Gurpreet Kaur Nagi ◽

Amritpreet Kaur Minhas ◽

Suchitra Gaur ◽

Priyanshu Jain ◽

Shovon Mandal

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Process Development ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Value Added ◽

Current Status ◽

Scale Production ◽

Algal Biofuel ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

By Products

Microalgae offer a great potential to contribute significantly as renewable fuels and documented as a promising platform for algae-based bio refineries. They provide solutions to mitigate the environmental concerns posed by conventional fuel sources; however, the production of microalgal biofuels in large scale production system encounters few technical challenges. High quantity of nutrients requirements and water cost constrain the scaling up microalgal biomass to large scale commercial production. Crop protection against biomass losses due to grazers or pathogens is another stumbling block in microalgal field cultivation. With our existing technologies, unless coupled with high-value or mid-value products, algal biofuel cannot reach the economic target. Many microalgal industries that started targeting biofuel in the last decade had now adopted parallel business plans focusing on algae by-products application as cosmetic supplements, nutraceuticals, oils, natural color, and animal feed. This review provides the current status and proposes a framework for key supply demand, challenges for cost-effective and sustainable use of water and nutrient. Emphasis is placed on the future industrial market status of value added by products of microalgal biomass. The cost factor for biorefinery process development needs to be addressed before its potential to be exploited for various value-added products with algal biofuel.

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