scholarly journals The Time-Series of Energy Mix and Transition: A Comparative Study of OECD Countries through the Fuzzy-Set Analysis

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2992
Author(s):  
Taewook Huh ◽  
Yong-Chan Choi ◽  
Jiyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Measurement Framework

This study aims to analyze the global trends of energy mix and energy transition from a chronological view (from Y1995 to Y2015) and identify the actual results based on the empirical findings. It sets up a measurement framework of energy mix (four energy sources: fossil fuel (F), hydroelectric (H), renewable (R), and nuclear (N)), and compares thirty-four Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries’ cases through the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. In short, twelve ideal types of energy mix of the thirty-four OECD countries were derived in Y1995; eleven ideal types in Y2000, thirteen ideal types in Y2005, twelve ideal types in Y2010, and fifteen ideal types in Y2015, respectively. This study particularly reveals the gradual change of the features of energy transition, although an epoch-making trend of overall energy transition in OECD countries is not identified. For example, from1995 to 2010, in the case of Type 7 (F*h*r*N) with a characteristic of ‘pan-conventional energy-centered mix’ having two high features (F, N), and of Type 8 (F*h*r*n), characterized by ‘fossil fuel-centered energy mix’ with one high feature (F), seven to eight countries were steadily included, but in 2015 there was a significant decrease to four countries (solely Type 7). Throughout the five stages from 1995 to 2015, the type with the largest number of countries (20) was Type 10 (f*H*R*n, ‘pan-renewable energy-centered type’) led by hydroelectric (H) and renewable energy sources (R), followed by the second most, Type 12, (f*H*r*N, ‘hydro & nuclear-centered type’, characterized the high features of H and N) with nineteen countries.

scholarly journals Drivers and Ideal Types towards Energy Transition: Anticipating the Futures Scenarios of OECD Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1441
Author(s):  
Taewook Huh ◽  
Kee-Young Yoon ◽  
I Re Chung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ideal Type ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Ideal

This study aims to identify the ideal types of energy transition of the thirty-five Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries and to explore their implications using the fuzzy-set ideal type analysis. It then anticipates the futures scenarios of OECD member countries towards energy transition by placing the ideal type results. In particular, looking at the possibility of the futures towards energy transition, this study attempts to set up the comprehensive measurement framework of energy transition embracing the three key drivers (energy system (E), energy citizenship (S), and digital technology (T)). As a result, the eight OECD countries, including Denmark (fuzzy score 0.889), UK (0.800), and Norway (0.788) belonging to Type 1 (E*S*T) with the all high features of three key drivers, are expected to have ‘Outlier (super-potent) Futures’ of energy transition. The twelve countries of Type 2 (E*S*t), 3 (E*s*T), and 5 (e*S*T) with two high features of three ones will belong to the ‘Best (reformative) Futures’. The five countries of Type 4 (E*s*t), 6 (e*S*t), and 7 (e*s*T) with one high feature among three ones will be located in ‘Business-As-Usual Futures’. Finally, the ten countries, including Hungary (fuzzy score 0.881), Greece (0.716), Israel (0.679) belonging to Type 8 (e*s*t) with all three low features, are expected to have ‘Worst (declined) Futures’ of energy transition.

scholarly journals Towards a Green State: A Comparative Study on OECD Countries through Fuzzy-Set Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taewook Huh ◽  
Yunyoung Kim ◽  
Jiyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Social Expenditure ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Green State ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Membership Score

This study aims to develop an empirical measurement framework of the green state and compare twenty-four OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries’ cases through the fuzzy-set multiple conjunctural analysis and the ideal type analysis. Based on the analysis model of the outcome set (Sustainable Development Goal Index) and the causal sets of seven variables on the four green state categories (‘ecological authoritarian state’, ‘ecological modern state’, ‘ecological democracy state’, and ‘ecological welfare state’), this study reveals the following results. Among OECD member countries, if ones have high environmental tax, high environmental innovation (patent), high economic development and democracy, high levels of environmental governance and social expenditure, or have high economic development and democracy, and high levels of environmental governance and environmental health, they can be seen to have reached a high level of green state (consistency: 0.980, total coverage: 0.675). Also, the thirteen ideal types of green state of twenty-four OECD countries were derived. Norway (fuzzy-set membership score of 0.515) is a country of Type 1, with a characteristic of ‘strong green state’ having all high features of the four green state categories. Greece (membership score, 0.692) and Ireland (0.577) belong to Type 13, characterized by ‘weak green state’ with all four low features. As a result, the green state types of the twenty-four OECD countries can be assorted into five levels: ‘Strong Green State’, ‘Quasi-Strong Green State’, ‘Quasi-Green State’, ‘Quasi-Weak Green State’, and ‘Weak Green State’.

scholarly journals Energy mix, technological change, and the environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelí Bongers
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rebound Effect ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Mix

AbstractThis paper studies the relationship between the energy mix and the environment using a theoretical framework in which two alternative energy sources are considered: fossil fuels (dirty energy) and renewable energy (clean energy). We find that a positive aggregate productivity shock increases energy consumption and emissions but reduces energy intensity and emissions per unit of output as renewable energy consumption increases, that is, carbon emissions are procyclical but emissions per unit of output are countercyclical. Second, an energy efficiency improvement provokes a “rebound effect” above 100% (the backfire effect), resulting in a rise of pollutant emissions by increasing energy use. Third, a technological improvement in emissions leads to a reduction in emissions per unit of fossil fuel, but also implies a slow-down in the adoption of renewable energy sources. Finally, we consider the case of a decentralized economy in which the government chooses an optimal specific tax on fossil fuel to maximize social welfare. We show that the “second-best” policy is highly effective in correcting the negative effects of the environmental externality and able to almost achive the centralized economy outcome.

The path to a 2025 nuclear-free Taiwan: An analysis of dynamic competition among emissions, energy, and economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094998
Author(s):  
Chun Chih Chen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Government

Taiwan intends to be nuclear free by 2025. This study employs the Lotka–Volterra competition model for sustainable development to analyze the emissions–energy–economy (3Es) issue to make appropriate policy suggestions for a nuclear-free transition. It also offers a new approach to naming the 3E relationship. The literature review shows that the environmental Kuznets curve accompanies the feedback and conservation hypotheses. In the 3E dynamics relationship analysis, the model shows a good mean absolute percentage error (<15%) for the model estimation. The key findings are as follows: 1) the fossil fuel-led economy exists; 2) CO2 emissions are reduced with nuclear energy consumption; 3) renewable energy is far from scale; 4) a complementary effect exists between fossil fuel and nuclear energy consumption; and 5) gas retrofitting and phasing out of nuclear seem imminent. In the energy transition, Taiwan drastically cuts nuclear energy without considering energy diversity due to which troubles might ensue. The priority issue for Taiwan’s energy mix is energy security. To deal with these concerns, this study suggests the government could improve energy efficiency, build a smart grid, develop carbon capture and storage, and reconsider putting nuclear energy back into the energy mix before renewable energy is scaled.

Process of metal−organic framework (MOF)/covalent−organic framework (COF) hybrids-based derivatives and their applications on energy transfer and storage

Nanoscale ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingbing Cui ◽  
Guo-Dong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Organic Framework

The fossil-fuel shortage and severe environmental issues have posed ever-increasing demands on clean and renewable energy sources, for which the exploration of electrocatalysts has been in a big challenge toward...

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY AND RISKS OF USING RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ERA OF ENERGY TRANSITION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Elena V. Karanina ◽  
◽  
Maxim A. Bortnikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power Industry ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Near Future

Many leading world powers are already setting ambitious goals to achieve zero CO2 emis-sions in the electric power industry through the use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the near future. In Russia, this type of generation also received state support, however, more modest, due to the low intercon-nection between Russia and renewable energy sources in terms of the state's energy security. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the existing support for renewable energy in the Russian Federation, to assess the feasibility of building these facilities in our country, as well as to provide a scientifically substantiated proposal for alternative ways of developing the industry. The paper analyzes and summarizes the economic aspects of investment and operating activities of wind, solar and small hydropower in Russia. As a result, it was concluded that the pace of development chosen by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation can be considered correct, but it is necessary to adjust the support program and diversify in terms of the subjectivity of the construction of new generating facilities based on RES.

scholarly journals Solar and Wind Energy Based Microgrid : Study of Architecture's Potential at Coastal Areas in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Abir Muhtadi ◽  
Ahmed Mortuza Saleque ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Real Case ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Geographical Locations

Due to sheer dependency upon fossil fuel sources, Bangladesh as a country is not free from numerous negative aspects. Country’s requirement for a certain portion of power be generated from renewable energy sources is due and required renewable energy target (RET) needs to be fulfilled. In this study, potential of distinguished coastal sites for entirely renewable energy such as solar and wind sources based microgrid for chosen community is explored. Microgrid architecture is appropriate considering the coastal areas’ geographical locations and due to the inconvenience in grid extension. Study suggests, potential of coastal sites are found to be feasible for such structures based on real case scenario data and modelled technical scheme.

scholarly journals The Balanced Energy Mix for Achieving Environmental and Economic Goals in the Long Run

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3850
Author(s):  
Anh Hoang To ◽  
Duc Hong Vo
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Balanced Structure ◽  
Environmental Goals

In this paper, we seek to find a balanced structure of energy sources that can simultaneously achieve two essential goals: (i) the environmental (degradation) goal and (ii) the economic (growth) goal. This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods to estimate and then rank each of the energy sources (including coal, gas, oil, hydropower, and renewable energy) to achieve the above two goals. This paper uses the weighted scoring method, the most popular method in multi-criteria decision-making techniques, to combine the rankings using five energy sources and two goals from panel data of 28 countries from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the period 1980–2017. Techniques for estimating the mean group long-run effect, including fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), are used. The empirical findings of this paper reveal that, in the long term, in achieving both environmental goals and economic goals, the OECD countries should consider adopting a balanced energy mix in which the following structure is preferred: (i) hydropower, (ii) renewables and (iii) fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal).

The Use of Renewable Energies for Nigerian Agriculture: Progress, Prospects and Problems

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Bobboi Umar
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Positive Results

Renewable energies have great potential to improve agricultural activities and rural development. Positive results are already being achieved with these relatively benign energies in many countries. In Nigeria, there is need to improve agricultural production for the increasing population and to conserve the fossil fuel reserves. Although renewable energy sources such as solar radiation and biomass are abundant, harnessing them for agricultural and rural development needs is very slow. This article extols the virtues of these energy sources, analyses the progress made so far in renewable energy technologies in Nigeria, identifies the major obstacles and suggests some solutions to overcome them.

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