scholarly journals Environmental Impact and Carbon Footprint Assessment of Taiwanese Agricultural Products: A Case Study on Taiwanese Dongshan Tea

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen H. Hu ◽  
Chia-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Lance Hongwei Huang ◽  
Ming-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Yi-Chen Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Electricity Use ◽  
The Government

Climate change is an important global environmental threat. Agriculture aggravates climate change by increasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and in response, climate change reduces agricultural productivity. Consequently, the modern agricultural development mode has progressively transformed into a kind of sustainable development mode. This study aimed to determine the environmental impact and carbon footprint of Dongshan tea from Yilan County. Environmental impact was assessed with use of SimaPro version 8.0.2 and IMPACT2002+. Results showed that climate change has the largest impact upon it in general, followed by human health, natural resources, and ecosystem quality. Furthermore, with use of the IPCC 2007 100a method for carbon footprint of products (CFP), conventional tea was found to have a CFP of 7.035 kgCO2-e, and its main contributors are the raw material (35.15%) and consumer use (45.58%) phases. From this case study, we found that the hotspots of the life cycle of environmental impact of Taiwanese tea mainly come from fertilizer input during the raw material phase, electricity use during manufacturing, and electricity use during water boiling in the consumer use phase (which contributes the largest impact). We propose the ways for consumers to use of highly efficient boiling water facilities and heating preservation, and the government must market the use of organic fertilizers in the national policy subsidies, and farmers have to prudent use of fertilizers and promote the use of local raw fertilizers, and engagement in direct sales for reducing the environmental impacts and costs of agricultural products and thus advancing sustainable agriculture development.

scholarly journals Huella de carbono del cultivo de rosas en Ecuador comparando dos metodologías: GHG Protocol vs. PAS 2050/ Carbon footprint of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador comparing two methodologies: GHG Protocol vs. PAS 2050

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-56
Author(s):  
Karina Guallasamin Constante ◽  
Débora Simón-Baile
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Pas 2050 ◽  
Buenas Prácticas

Ecuador es el tercer exportador de rosas a nivel mundial. Un factor clave para la competitividad internacional es calcular y reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI). Por ello, se calculó la huella de carbono (HC) del cultivo de rosas en Ecuador, tomando como caso de estudio la Empresa Ecoroses S.A. en el año 2015. La empresa está ubicada en el cantón Mejía, provincia de Pichincha y dedica el 100% de su producción a las rosas. La HC se calculó mediante dos metodologías: GHG Protocol y PAS 2050, considerando los límites del sistema “de la cuna a la puerta”. Los factores de emisión fueron recopilados de bases de datos internacionales como IPCC y Ecoinvent v2.2. El resultado de la HC fue de 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg de rosa exportada. Las tres fuentes de emisión de GEI que más afectan son: los productos agrícolas (37,7%), la energía eléctrica (13,3%) y el uso de combustibles fósiles (10,95%). Esta HC duplica a la del cacao seco y es más de 8 veces mayor que la del banano nacional. Por ello, se propone implementar buenas prácticas ambientales para reducir los GEI, en concreto, fertilizantes orgánicos, ahorro energético y biocombustibles. Abstract Ecuador is the third largest exporter of roses worldwide. A key factor for the international competitiveness is to calculate and reduce greenhouse gases (GHG). For this reason, we calculated the carbon footprint (CF) of the cultivation of roses in Ecuador, taking as a case study the Company Ecoroses S.A. in the year 2015. The company is located in the canton Mejia, province of Pichincha, and dedicates 100% of its production to roses. The CF was calculated using two methodologies, GHG Protocol and PAS 2050, considering the limits of the system “from the cradle to the door”. The emission factors were compiled from international databases such as IPCC and Ecoinvent v2.2. The result of the CF was 3,75 kg CO2eq/kg of rose exported. The three sources of emission of GHG that most affect are: agricultural products (37,7%), electrical energy (13,3%), and the use of fossil fuels (10,95%). This CF doubles that of dry cocoa, and is more than 8 times higher than that of domestic bananas. Therefore, the implementation of good environmental practices is proposed to reduce GHG, specifically, organic fertilizers, energy saving, and biofuels.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Functional Food: Improving Sustainability in the Biotechnology Industry through Transparency

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Alisha Lee ◽  
Yini Wang ◽  
Shih-Fang Lo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Biotechnology Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Zero Carbon

With the advancement of biotechnology, consumers are demanding more scientifically advanced products as well as being more concerned with the environmental impact of products. A life cycle carbon footprint assessment is an important tool in reaching net-zero carbon production goals. This paper presents the greenhouse gas emissions of functional foods by highlighting TCI Co., Ltd. as a case study. TCI conducted life cycle assessments (LCAs) on two mainstream products that utilize common manufacturing processes to examine their carbon footprint and gain a better understanding of their environmental impact. The main finding shows that while the manufacturing stage accounts for around 20–30% of emissions, the raw material stage accounts for 70–80% for both products. This suggests that TCI needs to work closely with its suppliers to ensure a low emissions supply chain and to achieve its net-zero target. Not only do these LCAs allow TCI to increase the products’ transparency, but they can also be offered as a reference to other businesses producing similar products. Sharing of knowledge and practices in the biotechnology industry benefits the entire ecosystem and improves corporate sustainability.

Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Reto Hefti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

Mitigation and Adaptation through Environmental Impact Assessment Litigation: Rethinking the Prospect of Climate Change Litigation in China

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Xiangbai He
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Barriers

Abstract There are two general pathways towards climate change litigation in China: tort-based litigation to hold carbon emitters accountable in civil law, and administrative litigation against the government to demand better climate regulation. While the first pathway is gaining momentum among Chinese scholars, this article argues that legal barriers to applying tort-based rules to climate change should be fairly acknowledged. The article argues that China's legal framework for environmental impact assessment (EIA) provides more openness and flexibility for the resolution of climate change disputes. Therefore, EIA-based climate lawsuits, which challenge environmental authorities for not adequately taking climate change factors into account in decision-making processes, encounter relatively fewer legal barriers, require less radical legal or institutional reform, and have greater potential to maintain existing legal orders. The regulatory effects produced by EIA-based litigation suggest that the scholarship on climate change litigation in China should take such litigation seriously because it could influence both governments and emitters in undertaking more proactive efforts. This China-based study, with a special focus on judicial practice in the largest developing country, will shine a light on China's contribution to transnational climate litigation.

The Transportation – Production Tradeoff in the Regional Environmental Impact of Industrial Systems: A Case Study in the Paper Sector

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis M Vanek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Commodity Flow ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Product Manufacturing

The author presents a methodology which is used first to model a product-manufacturing-and-distribution system, and then to predict the resulting changes in environmental impact from changes either in taxation or in costs of inputs. A case study of the paper sector in the eastern and central United States is developed, derived from the 1993 US Commodity Flow Survey. From an analysis of five scenarios, two central findings arise: (1) the model is found to be unresponsive to even large changes in transport taxation, so an environmental policy which considers both transportation and production aspects at the same time is favored, and (2) fluctuations in raw-material costs can have an influence on environmental impact as great as or greater than that of changes in taxation levels.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Environmental Impact of Product Recovery Methods to Support Sustainable Manufacturing within Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

2012 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Michaela R. Appleby ◽  
Chris G. Lambert ◽  
Allan E. W. Rennie ◽  
Adam B. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Product Recovery ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Government Legislation ◽  
Lower Carbon ◽  
Recovery Methods

The effects of climate change and government legislation has changed the way in which manufacturers can dispose of their waste, encouraging SMEs to source alternative disposal methods such as those indicated in the waste hierarchy. It is economically and environmentally beneficial to use product recovery methods to divert waste from landfill. The environmental impact of two product recovery methods, remanufacturing and repairing, has been compared via a carbon footprint calculation for a UK-based SME. The calculation has identified that repairing has a lower carbon footprint than remanufacturing, however this only extends the original life-cycle of the product, whereas remanufacturing provides a new life-cycle and warranty, and therefore seen as the most preferable method of product recovery to support sustainable manufacturing.

scholarly journals Accounting for Carbon Footprint Flows in Wine Production Process. Case Study in Spanish Winery

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8381
Author(s):  
Miguel Marco-Fondevila ◽  
José M. Moneva ◽  
Fernando Llena-Macarulla
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wine Production

Companies are gradually becoming conscious about the necessity of reducing their environmental impact and adopting low-carbon strategies in order to cope with increasing institutional and social demands. However, remaining competitive while reducing the environmental impact and improving the corporate image requires adopting sophisticated mechanisms boosting eco-efficiency and keeping costs tight. Material Flows Cost Accounting (MFCA) is an instrument that allows the monitoring of, measurement of, and accounting for physical and monetary processes along the production process. If extended to the supply chain, and applied to the energy usage and CO2 emissions, it allows one to account for the Carbon Footprint (CF) of a company and its products at any given stage of the value chain. The current paper presents a case study developed under the framework of a three-year project to introduce an energy use and carbon emissions monitoring and accounting system in a large winery company in Spain, based on the MFCA approach and CF accountability. Including the supply chain of the company and the whole farming cycle of its main input, the case study presents the method and phases adopted to implement the project, its direct and indirect results and outcomes, and the conclusions that can be extracted, which may be inspirational for practitioners and scholars envisaging similar projects.

scholarly journals Environmental impact of disposing of mouth covers, masks or respirators what alternatives do we have?

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe HERNÁNDEZ-RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
Laura Antonia ORTEGA-CHÁVEZ ◽  
Carmen Angelina GALLEGOS-OROZCO ◽  
Iveth Selene CARO-ESCUDERO
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Personal Protection ◽  
Single Use

The objective of this article is to study the different options we have to combat the environmental impact generated by the use and disposal of face masks, masks or respirators due to the pandemic that we have been suffering for more than a year (COVID-19). The growing demand for this article of personal protection has also brought with it a growing carbon footprint that we are generating towards the environment, because most of the facial masks that are used are not degradable and must be discarded after a single use. To achieve environmental sustainability, we must work and investigate other options for masks, masks or respirators that can be reused or that are biodegradable, in order to minimize the negative impact on our environment. The masks that are analyzed in this article for the raw material with which they are made are N95 and fabric masks, especially cotton ones.

scholarly journals A Policies of Inclusion and Exclusion for the Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) interlinked with The Climate Change Adaptation: Case Study of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Israt Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
The Government

 The paper aims to see so far the policies have been recommended and implemented which is interrelated with the lives and livelihoods of the vulnerable communities and, as a result, the well-being and safety of persons, communities and countries as a whole have been affected being persons with disabilities so far both by the non-government organizations and what could be done by the government policy makers. Ten percent of the total population of Bangladesh is known as differently able, often called Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) or disabled people according to the survey of Bangladesh Protibandhi Kallayan Somity (BPKS, 2014). It is worth saying that they are often treated with disregard, and so far they are the vulnerable of the society. Yet their role in homes, places of work and communities is often underplayed. So the paper prepares the studies of policies in terms of how we can integrate and mainstream the excluded differently abled /disabled/PWDs through accessibility in people with disabilities friendly policy making. Disasters, many of which are exacerbated by climate change and are increasing in frequency and intensity, significantly impede progress towards sustainable development. Till now we have achieved both the Hyogo and Sendai Framework based on disaster management do have impressions having the framework to be vocal and to ensure the access of the persons with disabilities in terms disasters, many of which are related with the climate change  and adaptation. The paper recommends that the “Children with Disabilities” must be included in a separate policy based framework and the two most important terms based on vulnerabilities and hazards should be more inclusive towards the specialization of the accessibility of the persons with disabilities where both the non-government organizations and government can work together.

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