scholarly journals A New Adaptive Mass Estimation Approach of Heavy Truck Based on Engine Torque Local Convex Minimum Characteristic at Low Speeds

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1649
Author(s):  
DaeYi Jung ◽  
Gyoojae Choi
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Rolling Friction ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Estimation Strategy ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Road Grade ◽  
Local Convex

This paper proposes a new mass estimation for a vehicle system, utilizing the characteristics of engine torque local convex minimum, where the mass can be estimated based on the driving forces and the longitudinal accelerations only. Fundamentally, this approach generally requires no other information about an aerodynamic effect, a road grade, or a rolling friction, which is usually demanded by the existing well-known longitudinal dynamics and adaptive filter-based estimation methods. The effectiveness of the proposed approach was evaluated and validated by both TruckSim/Simulink co-simulation and actual field test data. It is found that the proposed estimation technique is more favorable for a situation where the vehicle is exposed to low-speed regions. In addition to this new mass estimation strategy, other new and current existing methods were explored and are reviewed here. Moreover, this study suggested a guideline for a hybrid-type mass estimation strategy to predict a mass by combining a new method with an existing one for every speed.

An Online Estimator for Heavy Vehicle's Mass and Road Grade

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. McIntyre ◽  
A. Vahidi ◽  
D. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Estimation Strategy ◽  
The Road ◽  
Control Area Network ◽  
Road Grade ◽  
Stage Estimation

This work proposes a two stage estimation strategy to determine a heavy duty vehicles's mass and road grade. The estimation strategy uses standard signals available through the vehicle control area network. The first stage of this approach utilizes an adaptive least-squares estimation strategy to determine the vehicle's mass. Due to the time varying nature of the road grade, a nonlinear estimator is then developed that provides a more accurate estimate of the road grade. An estimation analysis is provided for both stages that proves, under a set of qualifying conditions, both the mass and road grade can be estimated. The validity of this two stage approach is verified using experimental data.

scholarly journals Using the Mercy Method for Weight Estimation in Indian Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1456662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitanjali Batmanabane ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Jena ◽  
Roshan Dikshit ◽  
Susan Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Weight Estimation ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Estimation Strategy

This study was designed to compare the performance of a new weight estimation strategy (Mercy Method) with 12 existing weight estimation methods (APLS, Best Guess, Broselow, Leffler, Luscombe-Owens, Nelson, Shann, Theron, Traub-Johnson, Traub-Kichen) in children from India. Otherwise healthy children, 2 months to 16 years, were enrolled and weight, height, humeral length (HL), and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were obtained by trained raters. Weight estimation was performed as described for each method. Predicted weights were regressed against actual weights and the slope, intercept, and Pearson correlation coefficient estimated. Agreement between estimated weight and actual weight was determined using Bland–Altman plots with log-transformation. Predictive performance of each method was assessed using mean error (ME), mean percentage error (MPE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Three hundred seventy-five children (7.5 ± 4.3 years, 22.1 ± 12.3 kg, 116.2 ± 26.3 cm) participated in this study. The Mercy Method (MM) offered the best correlation between actual and estimated weight when compared with the other methods ( r2 = .967 vs .517-.844). The MM also demonstrated the lowest ME, MPE, and RMSE. Finally, the MM estimated weight within 20% of actual for nearly all children (96%) as opposed to the other methods for which these values ranged from 14% to 63%. The MM performed extremely well in Indian children with performance characteristics comparable to those observed for US children in whom the method was developed. It appears that the MM can be used in Indian children without modification, extending the utility of this weight estimation strategy beyond Western populations.

Observer-Based Cylinder Air Charge Estimation for Spark-Ignition Engines

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Qilun Zhu ◽  
Robert Prucka ◽  
Michael Prucka ◽  
Hussein Dourra
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Spark-ignition engine in-cylinder air charge estimation is important for air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) control, maintaining high after-treatment efficiency, and determination of current engine torque. Current cylinder air charge estimation methodologies generally depend upon either a mass air flow (MAF) sensor or a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor individually. Methods based on either sensor have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some production vehicles are equipped with both MAF and MAP sensors to offer air charge estimation and other benefits. This research proposes several observer-based cylinder air charge estimation methods that take advantage of both MAF and MAP sensors to potentially reduce calibration work while providing acceptable transient and steady-state accuracy with low computational load. This research also compares several common air estimation methods with the proposed observer-based algorithms using steady-state and transient dynamometer tests and a rapid-prototype engine controller. With appropriate tuning, the proposed observer-based methods are able to estimate cylinder air charge mass under different engine operating conditions based on the manifold model and available sensors. Methods are validated and compared based on a continuous tip-in tip-out operating condition.

scholarly journals BODY-MASS ESTIMATION IN PALEONTOLOGY: A REVIEW OF VOLUMETRIC TECHNIQUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 133-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Brassey
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Surface Laser ◽  
Body Mass Estimation ◽  
Future Work

AbstractBody mass is a key parameter for understanding the physiology, biomechanics, and ecology of an organism. Within paleontology, body mass is a fundamental prerequisite for many studies considering body-size evolution, survivorship patterns, and the occurrence of dwarfism and gigantism. The conventional method for estimating fossil body mass relies on allometric scaling relationships derived from skeletal metrics of extant taxa, but the recent application of three-dimensional imaging techniques to paleontology (e.g., surface laser scanning, computed tomography, and photogrammetry) has allowed for the rapid digitization of fossil specimens. Volumetric body-mass estimation methods based on whole articulated skeletons are therefore becoming increasingly popular. Volume-based approaches offer several advantages, including the ability to reconstruct body-mass distribution around the body, and their relative insensitivity to particularly robust or gracile elements, i.e., the so-called ‘one bone effect.’ Yet their application to the fossil record will always be limited by the paucity of well-preserved specimens. Furthermore, uncertainties with regards to skeletal articulation, body density, and soft-tissue distribution must be acknowledged and their effects quantified. Future work should focus on extant taxa to improve our understanding of body composition and increase confidence in volumetric model input parameters.

scholarly journals Insect Mass Estimation Based on Radar Cross Section Parameters and Support Vector Regression Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1903
Author(s):  
Cheng Hu ◽  
Shaoyang Kong ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Lianjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Radar Cross Section ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Feature Subset ◽  
Mass Estimation ◽  
Optimal Feature Subset ◽  
Optimal Feature

Radar cross section (RCS) parameters of insect targets contain information related to their morphological parameters, which are helpful for the identification of migratory insects. Several morphological parameter estimation methods have been presented. However, most of these estimations are performed based on polynomial fitting methods, using only one or two parameters, which may limit the estimation accuracy. In this paper, a new insect mass estimation method is proposed based on support vector regression (SVR). Several RCS parameters were extracted for the estimation of insect mass. Support vector regression based on recursive feature elimination (SVRRFE) was used to obtain the optimal feature subset. Specifically, a dataset including 367 specimens was included to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Fifteen features were extracted and ranked. The optimal feature subset contained six features and the optimal mass estimation accuracy was 78%. Additionally, traditional insect mass estimation methods were analyzed for comparison. The results prove that the proposed method is more effective and accurate for insect mass estimation. It needs to be emphasized that the poor number of experimental insects available may limit the further improvement of estimation accuracy.

A review of aircraft wing mass estimation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 256-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Odeh Dababneh ◽  
Timoleon Kipouros
Keyword(s):  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Aircraft Wing ◽  
Mass Estimation

Observer Based Cylinder Air Charge Estimation for Spark Ignition Engines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Qilun Zhu ◽  
Robert Prucka ◽  
Michael Prucka ◽  
Hussein Dourra
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Rapid Prototype ◽  
Spark Ignition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Absolute Pressure ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Spark ignition engine in-cylinder air charge estimation is important for air-to-fuel ratio control, maintaining high after-treatment efficiency, and determination of current engine torque. Current cylinder air charge estimation methodologies generally depend upon either a mass air flow (MAF) sensor or a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor individually. Methods based on either sensor have their own advantages and disadvantages. Some production vehicles are equipped with both MAF and MAP sensors to offer air charge estimation and other benefits. This research proposes several observer based cylinder air charge estimation methods that take advantage of both MAF and MAP sensors to potentially reduce calibration work while providing acceptable transient and steady-state accuracy with low computational load. This research also compares several common air estimation methods with the proposed observer based algorithms using steady-state and transient dynamometer tests and a rapid-prototype engine controller. With appropriate tuning the proposed observer based methods are able to estimate cylinder air charge mass under different engine operating conditions based on the manifold model and available sensors. Methods are validated and compared based on a continuous tip-in tip-out operating condition.

First Interim Report of Technical Unit Committee T-4B On Corrosion of Cable Sheaths. Pipe-Type Cable Corrosion Protection Practices In the Utilities Industry

CORROSION ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 299-313 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Cathodic Protection ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Stray Current ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Testing Potential ◽  
Protection Coating

Abstract Data received in reply to a questionnaire is compiled on the actual field practices of utilities operating pipe-type cables. The data cover more than 90 percent of this type of cable in operation at the time the survey was made. The prinicpal data are tabulated, giving reports by seventeen operators on field practices. The subjects covered include size and kind of pipe, coating materials, holiday testing, potential surveys, cathodic protection, coating resistance measurements, rates of coating resistance depreciation, bonding, stray current measurements, shunts, surveys, voltages and magnitudes of cathodic protection currents and other information.

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