scholarly journals Transmission Lines in Poland and Space Weather Effects

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gil ◽  
Renata Modzelewska ◽  
Szczepan Moskwa ◽  
Agnieszka Siluszyk ◽  
Marek Siluszyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Weather Effects

We analyze the solar influence of space weather events on Polish energy infrastructure via geomagnetic disturbances. We consider two time intervals of very different levels of solar activity (SA) in the course of the solar activity cycle 24: 2010—an early rising phase of SA, near the solar minimum and 2014—solar maximum. From the total number of electrical grid failures, we extract almost five thousand failures in 2010 and more than ten thousand in 2014, which could be related to space weather effects. We analyze data of failures having unidentified causes, failures coupled with the aging of transmission network elements and electronic devices, which appeared during the time intervals of enhanced geomagnetic activity. We show that around the times of increasing geomagnetic activity level, the amount of transmission lines failures in the groups mentioned above grows, but mostly with some delay. It might be connected to some cumulative effect due to the result of transient states and their propagation in the distribution network. Although we do not exclude that the other factors may play a role, the solar-originating disturbances strengthen these effects.

scholarly journals ON THE CHARACTER OF AN ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE DRAG UNDER VARIOUS STATES OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-323
Author(s):  
V. H. Komendant ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Lyman Alpha ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Orbit Satellite ◽  
Drag Term

Purpose: The artificial satellites drag in the atmosphere remains an urgent problem to date. In this work, the artificial satellites data are used in order to study the atmosphere state under various manifestations of solar and geomagnetic activity. The selected satelites were moving uncontrollable being good indicators of the upper atmosphere state. The B-star (drag term) drag coefficient is used in this work. This term is used in the SGP and SDP models to take into account the resistance of the atmosphere to the satelite orbital motion. The data of the drag of two artificial satellites, one moving in elliptical and the other in circular orbits at midlatitudes (orbital plane angles of 58°-60°) were considered. These data include the end of the 23rd solar activity cycle, as well as the growth, the maximum and the decay phases of the 24th solar cycle (years 2005–2017). Seven periods of anomalous drag of the satellites were analyzed. They are: 4 monthly periods (two in 2005 and two in 2011) and 3 yearly periods (within 19.07.2014 to 22.08.2015), five-year long (2005–2010) and six-year long (2011–2017) periods. Design/methodology/approach: The periodogram analysis was made. This allowed to reveal the periodic processes in changes in the state of the atmosphere of different duration. The correlation coefficients of the B-star drag term with the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity were calculated. The analysis of extreme drag of the satellites in the periods of the increased solar and geomagnetic activity (intervals of observation lasting a month) was made. Findings: Using the solar and geomagnetic data we found that some month-long part of the anomalous drag periods were followed by flares on the Sun and the arrival of the coronal mass ejections into the near-Earth space. At time intervals of yearlong observations the highest values (0.5-0.7) were obtained for the coefficients of the B-star parameter correlation with the solar activity indices – solar radiation at the wavelength of 10.7 cm, F10.7, and Lyman alpha radiation, Lα. At monthly time intervals, the largest values of the correlation coefficients were obtained for the B-stars with the electron fluxes with energies above 0.6 and 2 MeV, E, (0.3-0.5), the Lyman alpha radiation, Lα, (0.58–0.73 for a сircular orbit satellite), and the solar constant, TSI, (0.3–0.6), as well as the geomagnetic storms intensity index, Dst , (0.66–0.69). Periodogram calculations show the presence of a whole spectrum of periods in the deceleration of a circular orbit satellite and a dedicated period for an elliptical orbit satellite. Conclusions: The B-star drag term dependences on the indices of solar and geomagnetic activity during some periods of their intensification for the 23–24 cycles of solar activity are considered. The periodogram analysis made together with the analysis of the conditions and parameters of space weather allows to see the general and more detailed picture of the solar and geomagnetic activity influence on the change in the motion of the satellite in the atmosphere. The B-star drag term helps to consider only the atmosphere influence on the artificial satellite movement in the near-Earth space. Key words: artificial satellite, atmosphere, artificial satellite drag, solar activity, geomagnetic activity, space weather

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of temperature during geomagnetic disturbances

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ашхен Караханян ◽  
Ashhen Karakhanyan ◽  
Сергей Молодых ◽  
Sergey Molodykh
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Spatio Temporal

We propose an index of efficiency of the solar activity effect on the tropospheric temperature, which takes into account the spatial irregularity of the response to this effect. As a proxy of solar activity we take the PC index of geomagnetic activity, designed to monitor the geomagnetic field at high latitudes. Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, we carry out a comparative analysis of variations in the proposed index and lower-troposphere temperature variations during geomagnetic disturbances. We identify the presence of a high degree of correlation between the temperature in the 925–700 hPa layer and the proposed index of solar activity effect. The spatio-temporal analysis of the index and temperature variations shows that the index of effi-ciency of the solar activity effect describes well both the value and the sign of the observed variations in the spa-tial distribution of the lower-troposphere temperature as compared to the frequently used index of geomagnetic activity.

scholarly journals ESTIMATED RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MAIN THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL COMPONENTS AT IONOSPHERIC F1-LAYER HEIGHTSABOVE IRKUTSK IN 2014–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
Galina Kushnarenko ◽  
Olga Yakovleva ◽  
Galina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Molecular Component ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Atomic Component

We have estimated seasonal variations in the main thermospheric gas components [O]/[N₂] and [O₂]/[O] for the period 2014–2017. We have used the well-known authoring technique and electron density measurements made with the Irkutsk digisonde (52° N, 104° E) at ionospheric F1-layer heights under different geomagnetic activity conditions. We have found that at these heights during geomagnetic disturbances in all seasons the molecular component of the neutral composition of the thermosphere increases and the atomic component decreases. In comparison with 2014, [O₂]/[O] values increased by 2017 under quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions: up to 30 % and 20 % in summer and spring respectively; up to 10 % in winter and autumn. The [O]/[N₂] ratio decreased by an average of 15 % by 2017. The assumption has been confirmed that in summer under quiet geomagnetic conditions the relative molecular oxygen content [O₂]/[O] increases with decreasing solar activity.

Geomagnetic activity effects on CO2‐driven trend in the thermosphere and ionosphere:  ideal model experiments with GAIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixin Liu ◽  
Chihiro Tao ◽  
Hidekatsu Jin
Keyword(s):  
Local Time ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Ideal Model ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Preliminary Model ◽  
Geomagnetic Activities ◽  
Weather Impacts

<p>We examine impacts of geomagnetic activity on CO<sub>2</sub>-driven trend in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere (IT) using the GAIA whole atmosphere model. The model reveals three salient features. (1) Geomagnetic activities usually weakens the CO<sub>2</sub>-driven trend at a fixed altitude. Among the IT parameters analyzed, the thermosphere mass density is the most robust indicator for CO<sub>2</sub> cooling effect even with geomagnetic activity influences. (2) Geomagnetic activities can either strengthen or weaken the CO<sub>2</sub>-driven trend in hmF2 and NmF2, depending on local time and latitudes. This renders the widely used linear fitting methods invalid for removing geomagnetic effects from observations. (3) An interdependency exists between the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> forcing and geomagnetic forcing, with the former enhances at lower geomagnetic activity level, while the latter enhances at higher CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. This could imply that the CO<sub>2</sub>-driven trend would accelerate in periods of declining geomagnetic activity, while magnetic storms may have larger space weather impacts in the future with increasing CO<sub>2</sub>. These findings provide a preliminary model framework to understand interactions between the CO<sub>2</sub> forcing from below and the geomagnetic forcing from above.</p>

scholarly journals Space weather effects on the MAGION-4 and MAGION-5 solar cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 3111-3113 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tříska ◽  
A. Czapek ◽  
J. Chum ◽  
F. Hruška ◽  
J. Šimůnek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Activity ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Radiation Belts ◽  
High Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Weather Effects ◽  
Array Output ◽  
Array Efficiency

Abstract. Data on solar array efficiency measured on board two Czech MAGION micro-satellites between August 1995 and June 2002, during the period of increasing and high solar activity, were used to study the space weather effects on photo-voltaic solar cells. A stronger degradation of the solar array was observed on MAGION-5 in comparison with MAGION-4. This fact can be explained by the essential difference between the two orbits. The MAGION-5 s/c was in the radiation belts more than 40% of the time, whereas the MAGION-4 was only present about 4% of the time. The experimental data refer to periods of low as well as high solar activity, with an enhanced occurrence of strong solar events. The evaluation of the data set covering a period of more than 6 years has shown that solar proton flares can have an almost immediate effect on the solar array efficiency. However, in the case of MAGION-5, an important role in solar cell degradation is played by the long-term effect of energetic particles in the radiation belts. Periods with a distinctly steeper decrease in the solar array output power were observed and can be explained by an increase of particle flux density in the radiation belts. Periods in slower decline of the solar array output power correspond to periods in low radiation belt indices based on the NOAA POES s/c data.

scholarly journals On the multi-scale nature of large geomagnetic storms: an empirical mode decomposition analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Michelis ◽  
G. Consolini ◽  
R. Tozzi
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Mode Decomposition

Abstract. Complexity and multi-scale are very common properties of several geomagnetic time series. On the other hand, it is amply demonstrated that scaling properties of geomagnetic time series show significant changes depending on the geomagnetic activity level. Here, we study the multi-scale features of some large geomagnetic storms by applying the empirical mode decomposition technique. This method, which is alternative to traditional data analysis and is designed specifically for analyzing nonlinear and nonstationary data, is applied to long time series of Sym-H index relative to periods including large geomagnetic disturbances. The spectral and scaling features of the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) into which Sym-H time series can be decomposed, as well as those of the Sym-H time series itself, are studied considering different geomagnetic activity levels. The results suggest an increase of dynamical complexity and multi-scale properties for intermediate geomagnetic activity levels.

scholarly journals Geomagnetic activity recurrences for predicting the amplitude and shape of solar cycle N. 25

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Diego ◽  
Monica Laurenza
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Activity Prediction ◽  
Successful Prediction ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
Maximum Sunspot

The prediction of solar activity is one of the most challenging topics among the various Space    Weather and Space Climate issues. In the last decades, the constant enhancement of Space Climate    data allowed to improve the comprehension of the related physical phenomena and the statistical    bases for prediction algorithms. For this purpose, we used geomagnetic indices to provide a pow erful algorithm (see Diego et al 2010) for the solar activity prediction, based on the evaluation of    the recurrence rate in the geomagnetic activity. The aim of this paper is to present the validation    of our algorithm over solar cycle n. 24, for which a successful prediction was made, and upgrade    it to forecast the shape and time as well as the amplitude of the upcoming cycle n. 25. Contrary    to the consensus, we predict it to be quite high, with a maximum sunspot number of 205  ±  29,  that should be reached in the first half of 2023. This prediction is consistent with the scenario in    which the long-term Gleissberg cycle has reached its minimum in cycle n. 24 and the rising phase  is beginning.

Corotational solar streams and cosmic-ray diurnal anisotropy

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 981-983
Author(s):  
A. G. Ananth ◽  
D. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Solar Activity Cycle ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Secondary Peak ◽  
Solar Magnetic Fields ◽  
Diurnal Anisotropy

A detailed comparison of the behavior of cosmic-ray diurnal anisotropy with the solar activity cycle indicates that the amplitude of the diurnal anisotropy is significantly modulated by the corotational streams that produce the secondary peak in geomagnetic activity. However, the time of the maximum of diurnal anisotropy does not show any systematic changes with solar activity but indicates a shift towards earlier hours (~12:00 LT), corresponding to the reversal of polarity of solar magnetic fields.

scholarly journals ESTIMATED RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MAIN THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL COMPONENTS AT IONOSPHERIC F1-LAYER HEIGHTSABOVE IRKUTSK IN 2014–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 110-114
Author(s):  
Galina Kushnarenko ◽  
Olga Yakovleva ◽  
Galina Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Molecular Component ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Atomic Component

We have estimated seasonal variations in the main thermospheric gas components [O]/[N₂] and [O₂]/[O] for the period 2014–2017. We have used the well-known authoring technique and electron density measurements made with the Irkutsk digisonde (52° N, 104° E) at ionospheric F1-layer heights under different geomagnetic activity conditions. We have found that at these heights during geomagnetic disturbances in all seasons the molecular component of the neutral composition of the thermosphere increases and the atomic component decreases. In comparison with 2014, [O₂]/[O] values increased by 2017 under quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions: up to 30 % and 20 % in summer and spring respectively; up to 10 % in winter and autumn. The [O]/[N₂] ratio decreased by an average of 15 % by 2017. The assumption has been confirmed that in summer under quiet geomagnetic conditions the relative molecular oxygen content [O₂]/[O] increases with decreasing solar activity.

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