scholarly journals Investigation of Ultra-High Pressure Gas Control System for Hydrogen Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2446
Author(s):  
Roh-Won Kim ◽  
Kyung-Hwan Hwang ◽  
Sung-Ryul Kim ◽  
Jae-Hak Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Input Pressure ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Increasing Demand

With the increasing demand to find new energy resources instead of using fossil fuels, for the protection of the environment, one of most attractive areas in renewable energy is hydrogen. Hydrogen gas has high energy efficiency, generates the least greenhouse gases and produces no noise. Moreover, overland transportation industries have been researching and developing hydrogen gas storage systems worldwide. Such a manner of fuel system consists of a hydrogen gas tank, high pressure regulator and solenoid valve, etc. In this paper, a test bed is suggested for ultra-high pressure systems integrating a valve and regulator with precision control. We carried out performance tests by applying voltage with wide ranges of input pressure, response time and output flow rate and pulsation repetition tests considering increases in temperature, etc. Moreover, the results indicated good potential for application in fuel charging and transporting commercial hydrogen vehicles.

Petrological constraints on ultra-high pressure metamorphism and frictionite formation in a catastrophic rockslide: The Koefels event (Eastern Alps).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diethard Sanders ◽  
Bastian Joachim-Mrosko ◽  
Jürgen Konzett ◽  
Julian Lanthaler ◽  
Marc Ostermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Rock Mass ◽  
Frictional Heating ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Shear Localization ◽  
Raman Shift ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Valley Flank

<p>The P-T conditions in extremely-rapid gravity-driven rockslides are difficult to constrain from the descended rock mass itself. Here, we report mineralogical observations from the Koefels rockslide and their interpretation. The Koefels event – happened between 9527-9498 cal BP – comprises 3.9 km<sup>3</sup> mainly of muscovite + biotite-bearing orthogneiss, and is one of the few large rockslides in silicate-bearing rocks worldwide. Detached by collapse of a valley flank, the rockslide impacted the opposite valley flank: While the lower part of the mass was sharply stopped, the overriding part propagated farther. This led to shear localization along discrete planes and, in consequence, to transient melting by frictional heating. The resulting frictionites comprise thin glassy levels with floating crystal fragments. The bulk composition of the glassy melt corresponds to the composition of the orthogneiss.</p><p>            In the frictionites, ultra-high pressure metamorphosed quartz (UPQ) occurs next to unaffected quartz in a glassy matrix. Micro-Raman spectroscopy of unaffected quartz yielded an intense A1 Raman mode at 464 cm<sup>-1 </sup>; UPQ shows a shift of this band down to 460cm<sup>-1</sup>, with some grains showing an internal gradient of up to 3 cm<sup>-1</sup> from the core (463cm<sup>-1</sup>) to the rim (460 cm<sup>-1</sup>). Some UPQ are rimmed by lechatelierite (SiO<sub>2</sub> glass), which never surrounds unaffected quartz grains. Until now lechatelierite formation in frictionites was considered to be a function of temperature only (Heuberger et al. 1984). Because lechatelierite only rims UPQ with outward decreasing band numbers, we interpret lechatelierite formation to be mainly pressure-driven. The completely molten matrix and the lack of glassy rims at the edges of normal quartz indicates minimum temperatures of 900°C. Experimental investigations have shown that the shifted A1 mode of UPQ equilibrates to 464 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 1100°C, thus giving an upper limit of the temperature range. The Raman shift of the A1 mode and the presence of lechatelierite strongly suggest that a pressure >23 GPa was attained (cf., McMillan et al. 1991, Fritz et al. 2011, Kowitz et al. 2013).</p><p>            The UPQ and lechatelierite rims formed by grain collisions during initial shear localization, when the shear plane was relatively cool. Next, upon rapid frictional heating the glassy frictionite matrix formed and became locally injected into lechatelierite rims. Once formed, the melt prevented high-energy grain collisions. Unaffected quartz (which nevertheless may have seen pressures up to 22 GPa) in the frictionites perhaps escaped UHP overprint due to position in local pressure shadows and/or was sheared out from the adjacent caciritic rock mass into the melt. Our results help to better constrain numerical simulations of P-T-conditions in rockslides. Since our investigation only provides limiting estimates the actual P-T conditions in deep shear levels of rockslides exceeding the volume of the Koefels event might be even higher.</p><p> </p><p>References:</p><p>Fritz et al. 2011: International Journal of Impact Engineering, 38:440</p><p>Heuberger et al. 1984: Mountain Research and Development, 4:345</p><p>Kowitz et al. 2013: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 384:17</p><p>McMillan et al. 1992: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 19:71</p>

scholarly journals Development of the Steel Vessel Combined with Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic for Ultra-high Pressure Hydrogen Gas Stations

Materia Japan ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Okano ◽  
Shusaku Takagi ◽  
Kazuki Matsubara ◽  
Nobuyuki Ishikawa ◽  
Yasumasa Takemura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Steel Vessel ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
Ultra High Pressure ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Pressure Hydrogen

scholarly journals Prospecting for underground natural hydrogen - new energy for the future

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Anh Duc Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Trung Phan
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Local Power ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Thermochemical Processes ◽  
Abundant Element

Hydrogen, accounting for 75% of ordinary matter by mass and over 90% by atomic number, is the third most abundant element on the Earth's surface, mainly in the form of chemical compounds such as water and hydrocarbons. When burned, hydrogen gas (H2) produces heat and water without causing environmental pollution, thus it is expected to be one of the clean energy sources for the future. Industrial hydrogen has so far been mainly produced by thermochemical processes of fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas, and insignificantly by electrolysis of water. Recent natural hydrogen discoveries recorded in the world, especially the exploration and discovery of relatively pure underground hydrogen which was extracted and used as fuel for a local power generator in Bourakebougou (Mali), show the possibility of prospecting for underground natural hydrogen. The article provides an overview of natural hydrogen discoveries over the world and gives recommendations on the prospecting for underground natural hydrogen in Vietnam.

scholarly journals Advances in ethanol autothermal reform for hydrogen gas production: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e126953070
Author(s):  
Marcos Lapa Brito ◽  
José Mário Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Luiz Carlos Lobato dos Santos ◽  
George Simonelli
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modeling Simulation ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Made In

Concern about global warming and the high consumption of fossil fuels has led some countries to seek and invest in new energy sources that are efficient and less polluting. Among these alternatives, hydrogen fuel cells are a potential solution that can generate clean energy. Due to the industrial production of hydrogen being carried out by steam reforming of methane, which uses non-renewable raw material and is endothermic (resulting in high energy costs), the autothermal reform of ethanol has been presenting itself as an interesting technology, as it combines a renewable raw material with the reactions of reform (endothermic) and partial oxidation (exothermic), thus achieving energy self-sufficiency in the process of converting ethanol to hydrogen. Despite the various studies referring to the autothermal reform of ethanol, to our knowledge, no article has presented a detailed review of the main advances made in recent years for this process. Thus, this review presents the main results for the autothermal reform of ethanol, in recent years, in three main areas: Catalysts, Reactor Design and Modeling / Simulation. This work identified that the greatest advances have been made in the development of new catalysts and the design of reactors, while the modeling/simulation area still has few studies to efficiently describe the thermodynamics of the autothermal reform of ethanol.

Assessing desalination as a sustainable alternative using a multiple criteria decision support model

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Fernandes ◽  
M. C. Almeida ◽  
A. G. Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Decision Support Model

Desalination technologies provide an alternative for potable water production, having significant potential for application where fresh water scarcity exists. Potential benefits have to be balanced with other factors, such as high costs, high energy consumption, and significant environmental impacts, for the understanding of real risks and gains of desalination within the context of integrated water resources management. Multiple factors can be considered when analysing the viability of a desalination project but often a limited approach is used. The complexity in the analysis lies in finding the alternatives that obey to multiple objectives (e.g. reduced environmental impact, social acceptance, less cost associated). In this paper, development of a methodology based on multiple criteria decision support system for the evaluation and ranking the potential of desalination technologies is described and applied to a Portuguese case study. Relevant factors to the selection of desalination technologies were identified using SWOT analysis and the MACBETH (Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) approach was applied. Technical alternatives considered include reverse osmosis and multi-effect desalination (MED), together with energy production by fossil fuels or solar energy. Production of water by conventional approaches was also considered. Results, for non-economic benefits, show higher score for MED solar but, in the cost-benefit analysis, conventional methods of water production have higher ranking since costs of renewable energies are not yet competitive. However, even if not preferred in economic terms, desalination is ranked significantly above the conventional approaches for non-economic criteria.

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