scholarly journals Modeling of Failure Probability for Reliability and Component Reuse of Electric and Electronic Equipment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2843
Author(s):  
Massimo Conti ◽  
Simone Orcioni
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Failure Probability ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Fault Models ◽  
Component Reuse ◽  
Electronic Products

Recently, the concept of “circular economy”, the design for end-of-life, the problem of reduction of waste of electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more important. The design of electronic systems for end-of-life considers the possibility of their repair, reuse and recycle, in order to reduce waste. This work proposes a new accurate model of failure probability density, that includes the failure probability of a used component in new equipment. The model has been tested, in conjunction with the International Electrotechnical Commission and Telcordia standard, in real industrial production. Eight years of historical faults have been analyzed and used to derive the fault models of the components. The model and analysis have been used for the analysis of real electronic products. The reuse of components could make an improvement to the reliability of the equipment.

scholarly journals Consumer’s Circular Behaviors in Relation to the Purchase, Extension of Life, and End of Life Management of Electrical and Electronic Products: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10443
Author(s):  
Filippo Corsini ◽  
Natalia Marzia Gusmerotti ◽  
Marco Frey
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Life Management ◽  
Weee Recycling ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Issue ◽  
Useful Life

Nowadays, management of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) and the related waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a growing concern around the world and clearly an open issue to tackle in order to move towards a more circular economy. The goal of this review paper is to analyze and summarize research conducted exploring behaviors connected with purchases, extension of useful life, and management of end of life of electrical and electronic equipment. The results highlight several research exploring the determinants of WEEE recycling behavior, also in relation with different practices (e.g., online recycling); on the other hand other typologies of behaviors are less analyzed in the literature (e.g., purchase of used EEE products, donation of EEE products, participation in WEEE takeback activities established by firm operating in this sector, etc.). Moreover, the results suggest that the theoretical model adopted in many studies reveals its usefulness to predict the determinist of such circular consumer’s behavior in relation to the purchase, extension of life, and end of life management of electrical and electronic products; however, in many cases, additional variables are needed to fully explain the behavior.

scholarly journals Circularity for Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9924
Author(s):  
Terje Andersen ◽  
Bjørn Jæger
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Product Management ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Distributed Ledger ◽  
Product Responsibility

In the transition to a circular focus on electric and electronic products, manufacturers play a key role as the originators of both the products and the information about the products. While the waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) directive’s contemporary focus is on handling the product as waste after its end of life, the circular economy focuses on retaining the product’s value with a restorative system. The polluter-pays principle requires producers of pollution to bear the costs of handling the pollution, leading to the extended producer responsibility (EPR) principle. This requires manufacturers to change their focus from their current passive role of out-sourcing end-of-life treatment to taking explicit responsibility for product management over an extended period of time. This paper investigates how a manufacturer can assume its responsibility to achieve circularity for its products. Based on our findings, three fundamental circularity principles, the circular electric and electronic equipment (CEEE) principles, for manufactures of electronic and electrical equipment are defined: (1) Serialize product identifiers, (2) data controlled by their authoritative source at the edge, and (3) independent actors’ access to edge data via a distributer ledger are the foundation of the Edge and Distributed Ledger (Edge&DL) model. We demonstrate the model through a case study of how to achieve circularity for lighting equipment. The CEEE principles and the demonstrated model contribute to building new circularity systems for electronic and electric products that let manufacturers undertake their extended product responsibility.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE RE-CYCLING METHOD TO SUPPORT DESIGN FOR AND FROM END-OF-LIFE.

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 511-520
Author(s):  
Jorge Martínez Leal ◽  
Stéphane Pompidou ◽  
Carole Charbuillet ◽  
Nicolas Perry
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Support Design ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Recycled Materials ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Similar Score ◽  
The World

AbstractNowadays, the world is shifting towards a more sustainable way of life, and product designers have an important part in this change. They have to eco(re)design their products to make them environmentally conscious throughout their lifecycle, and especially at their end-of-life (EoL). However, one can observe that synergy between product designers and recycling-chains stakeholders is lacking, mainly due to their weak communication. While many design-for-EoL approaches coexist in the literature, design from EoL must also be taken into account to fully develop a circular economy.RE-CYCLING is an innovative design approach that supports both design for and from EoL. This paper focuses on the recycling EoL-option and the validation of the associated indicators. To validate the design-for-recycling indicators, the recyclability of three smartphones is assessed. It is expected that indicators provide a similar score as none of them was designed to be recycled; results comply with expectations. In parallel, the convenience of using recycled materials in smartphones is analysed to validate our design-from-recycling indicators. It is found that the proposed indicators can indeed support designers integrating recycled materials in products.

A Robotic-Driven Disassembly Sequence Generator for End-Of-Life Electronic Products

2012 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed ElSayed ◽  
Elif Kongar ◽  
Surendra M. Gupta ◽  
Tarek Sobh
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Electronic Products ◽  
Disassembly Sequence ◽  
Sequence Generator

scholarly journals Towards a Circular Economy for End-of-Life Vehicles: A Comparative Study UK – Japan

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Despeisse ◽  
Yusuke Kishita ◽  
Masaru Nakano ◽  
Michael Barwood
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy

scholarly journals WHY DO (W)EEE HOARD? THE EFFECT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON THE RELEASE OF HOME ENTERTAINMENT PRODUCTS INTO THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY

Detritus ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Ariadne Wilkinson ◽  
Ian D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Home Entertainment ◽  
Entertainment Products ◽  
Very High

Home entertainment (HE) products are particularly rich in metals and plastics and thus have enormous potential as a source of materials from within Distinct Urban Mines (DUMs). Consumers’ end-of-life (EoL) management decisions (i.e. stockpiling, hoarding, reusing, discarding of WEEE) strongly influence the exploitation potential of a DUM. This study aimed to assess the effect of consumer behaviour on the release of HE (W)EEE into the circular economy. A survey was undertaken in Southampton (Hampshire, UK) to assess perceptions and behaviours relating to the EoL management of HE (W)EEE. The study provides previously unavailable data and critical evaluation on the ownership, use and hoarding levels of HE EEE in a typical city DUM, and the reasons behind their hoarding. Results indicated that ownership levels were very high, with an average of 12 home entertainment items owned per household. This makes urban areas extremely plausible as DUMs; we estimate that there are over 1 million HE devices owned and ~440,000 HE devices hoarded in Southampton and >150 million HE EEE owned and ~61 million HE devices hoarded in UK households. Hoarding is common, especially for smaller or older equipment, due to their perceived residual value. HE product lifecycles averaged 4-5 years. The most common EoL routes were donating to relatives, friends or charities; hoarding; recycling; or discarding items in general refuse. To encourage the recovery of EoL HE equipment: i) convenient and accessible WEEE collection points should be established for regular (periodic) harvesting and ii) promoted via awareness campaigns and incentives.

scholarly journals Design for and from Recycling: A Circular Ecodesign Approach to Improve the Circular Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9861
Author(s):  
Jorge Martínez Leal ◽  
Stéphane Pompidou ◽  
Carole Charbuillet ◽  
Nicolas Perry
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Design For Recycling ◽  
Circular Design

In the context of a circular economy, one can observe that (i) recycling chains are not adapted enough to the end-of-life products they have to process and that (ii) products are not sufficiently well designed either to integrate at best their target recycling chain. Therefore, a synergy between product designers and recycling-chains stakeholders is lacking, mainly due to their weak communication and the time-lag between the product design phase and its end-of-life treatment. Many Design for Recycling approaches coexist in the literature. However, to fully develop a circular economy, Design from Recycling also has to be taken into account. Thus Re-Cycling, a complete circular design approach, is proposed. First, a design for recycling methodology linking recyclability assessment to product design guidelines is proposed. Then, a design from recycling methodology is developed to assess the convenience of using secondary raw materials in the design phase. The recyclability of a smartphone and the convenience of using recycled materials in a new cycle are both analyzed to demonstrate our proposal. The Fairphone 2® and its treatment by the WEEE French takeback scheme are used as a case study.

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