scholarly journals Electric Mobility in Cities: The Case of Vienna

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Amela Ajanovic ◽  
Marina Siebenhofer ◽  
Reinhard Haas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
The Future ◽  
Historical Developments

Environmental problems such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are especially challenging in urban areas. Electric mobility in different forms may be a solution. While in recent years a major focus was put on private electric vehicles, e-mobility in public transport is already a very well-established and mature technology with a long history. The core objective of this paper is to analyze the economics of e-mobility in the Austrian capital of Vienna and the corresponding impact on the environment. In this paper, the historical developments, policy framework and scenarios for the future development of mobility in Vienna up to 2030 are presented. A major result shows that in an ambitious scenario for the deployment of battery electric vehicles, the total energy demand in road transport can be reduced by about 60% in 2030 compared to 2018. The major conclusion is that the policies, especially subsidies and emission-free zones will have the largest impact on the future development of private and public e-mobility in Vienna. Regarding the environmental performance, the most important is to ensure that a very high share of electricity used for electric mobility is generated from renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Renewable energy systems implementation in road transport: prospects and impediments

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Amela Ajanovic ◽  
Reinhard Haas
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Renewable Energy Systems ◽  
The Future

The transport sector accounts for about one quarter of the global carbon dioxide emissions. It is dominated by fossil fuels, leading to different negative impacts on humans and the environment. Over the last years, interest in alternative automotive powertrains such as different types of electric vehicles as well as low-carbon fuels has been increasing. The main objective of this paper is to provide review of the current state of the major renewable energy systems in road transport focusing on the EU. Based on a detailed literature review, the major prospects and impediments for the future use of biofuels, renewable electricity and green hydrogen in road transport are discussed considering policies implemented, as well as emission reduction targets set for the future with a special focus on passenger car transport. The major conclusions are: (i) The prospects of biofuels depend on their future economic and environmental performance as well as on land availability and the food versus tank discussion. (ii) The high investment costs of battery- and fuel cell electric vehicles are still a major barrier for their faster market penetration but they could be reduced in future due to technological learning. In addition, their contribution to the reduction of global greenhouse gas emissions is achievable only in combination with the increasing use of renewable energy sources in electricity generation.

scholarly journals Studying the Formation of the Charging Session Number at Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5571
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorbunova ◽  
Ilya Anisimov ◽  
Elena Magaril
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Stations

The energy industry is a leader of introduction and development of energy supply technologies from renewable energy sources. However, there are some disadvantages of these energy systems, namely, the low density and inconsistent nature of the energy input, which leads to an increase in the cost of the produced electric energy in comparison to the traditional energy complexes using hydrocarbon fuel resources. Therefore, the smart grid technology based on preliminary calculation parameters of the energy system develops in cities. This area should also be used to organize the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, as the electrification of road transport is one of the global trends. As a result, a current task of the transport and energy field is the development of scientifically based approaches to the formation of the urban charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the application flow formation for the charge of the electric vehicle battery. The results obtained provide a basis for building a simulation model for determining the required number of charging stations in the city, taking into account the criteria of minimizing operating costs for electric vehicle owners and energy companies.

scholarly journals The Importance of Alternative Drive Vehicles in Road Transport in Poland and the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Damian Frej ◽  
Paweł Grabski ◽  
Emilia Szumska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Alternative Drive ◽  
European Union Countries

Abstract The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles and vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more and more popular. It should be noted that the development of infrastructure for electric vehicles and the pursued environmental policy with the related subsidies for the purchase of electric vehicles are an important aspect encouraging the purchase of this type of vehicle. The article presents a comparison of the popularity of vehicles powered by renewable energy sources in Poland and other European Union countries, as well as the characteristics of the most common alternative fuels. Its main objective is to specify the importance of passenger cars with alternative drive sources across the selected EU countries.

Managing the Demise of the Necessary Evil

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Andy Hartree
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
The Future ◽  
Fossil Fuel Industry ◽  
Necessary Evil

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a unique collapse in global energy demand and provoked a significant reappraisal of many aspects of our way of life, including working habits and travel behaviours, impacting the outlook for energy demand in the future. Assisted by tangible reductions in pollution levels in urban areas worldwide, there is even a perception growing that post COVID, we will somehow have accelerated on the path of energy transition, and the fossil fuel industry may never recover. This article reviews just where we are on the path to fossil fuel freedom, and tempers the over-optimism by highlighting how small the steps are that we have made to date and the scale of the challenge we face on the long road still ahead. Further, it emphasises that even our greenest aspirations, far from signalling the eradication of fossil fuels, will still rely on our legacy industries for a significant proportion of our energy requirements decades into the future. The biggest challenge is to create a global political environment of consensus and commitment focused on delivering realistic and achievable environmental strategy. Governments need to see a common goal, backed up by co-ordinated lobbies – industry, science, environmentalists and investors – all pulling in one direction. COVID-19 has raised awareness and even given us a glimpse of a greener future, but by giving the impression that we can live without our legacy fossil fuels it poses the threat that we fail to support an industry still vital to the delivery of energy transition.

scholarly journals Digital analysis of the geometric variability of bamboo poles in bending

2019 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Lorenzo ◽  
Leonel Mimendi ◽  
Haitao Li
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Mechanical Characterisation ◽  
The Future ◽  
Sustainable Materials ◽  
Combination Of Material

The importance of sustainable materials in the building industry has grown during the last decades due to the negative impact that industrialised materials have caused over the environment as a consequence of the rapid increase of urban areas, especially in developing countries. To alleviate this problem, research has focused on the utilisation of bamboo, a ready-to-use natural material with a high potential of playing an important role in the future development of the building industry, however, the limitations of the material have not been properly addressed and therefore, the current use of bamboo in the building industry is negligible. This paper presents a digital approach to analyse the structural effects that the inherent geometric variability causes in bamboo poles subjected to bending effects. In contrast with current methodologies that apply the use of conventional tools to determine average geometric properties of a bamboo pole, this work adopted a combination of material testing and 3D scanning of a series of bamboo elements, in order to define suitable parameters for structural analysis that accurately represents the geometric variability of the poles. The results confirmed that the geometric variability produces significant effects that had not been considered before in the mechanical characterisation of bamboo, and that could not have been possible to identify without the use of digital technology. This work encourages the future development of methodologies that implement the use of digital technology to increase the structural understanding of bamboo and therefore, offer a robust platform for the general implementation of bamboo culms in the building industry.

scholarly journals A mobile catenary power supply system for automotive vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Maciołek
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Current Collectors ◽  
Type Power ◽  
Lower Capacity

Trolleybus type power supply using a two-pole overhead catenary system has been used for over one hundred years. However, energy demand in this type of road transport is the lowest. The main disadvantage of this type of transport is the lack of flexibility. Road electric vehicles equipped with batteries, which are now more and more often being put into service, allow for autonomous run on the roads without overhead contact wires. Therefore, it is possible to use them in a more flexible manner. The main problem is a limited range of autonomous run and long charge time of batteries. The paper presents a concept consisting in the application of an overhead catenary for supplying electric and hybrid vehicles (including automobiles) when a vehicle is in motion (mobile charging). Electric trucks are equipped with controlled current collectors allowing for connection with an overhead catenary during driving. Application of this solution to automobiles is rather impossible, which prevents them from being supplied directly from a catenary. The basis of the original concept presented in the paper is the creation of automobile convoys supplied via a truck equipped with current collectors. A description of the proposed system and an algorithm of its operation are presented in the paper. The discussed transport system has significant advantages in comparison to completely autonomous electric vehicles: increased range of driving with lower capacity of batteries on board and flexibility of use, longer life-time of batteries, lower energy consumption. The paper compares the proposed system with the currently used ones, which employ charging of automobiles during stops, but also underlines the advantages of the first solution.

Impacts of Electric Mobility on the Electric Grid

2014 ◽  
pp. 319-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Fraile-Ardanuy ◽  
Dionisio Ramirez ◽  
Sergio Martinez ◽  
Roberto Alvaro ◽  
Jairo Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Eu Project ◽  
External Dependence ◽  
The Impact

Electric mobility is becoming an option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions of road transport and decreasing the external dependence on fossil fuels. However, this new kind of mobility will introduce additional loads to the power system, and it is important to determine its effects on it. As a direct scenario from DATA SIM FP7 EU project, an application related to electric mobility and its impact on the electric grid from Flanders region is presented in this chapter. The chapter begins with a brief description of the electric transmission network for Flanders region and the electric vehicles energy requirements for different mobility zones in this region, obtained from FEATHERS, an activity-based model. In the following section, the main assumptions that allow estimating the total electricity consumption for each mobility area is presented. Once this total consumption per zone has been estimated, an algorithm to link the mobility areas with the nearest substation is developed. Finally, the impact of charging electric vehicles on the transmission substations is examined.

Research of Application Status for the Drive Motor Based on the Pure Electric Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 1505-1508
Author(s):  
Hao Pan ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Important Impact ◽  
Drive Motor ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vehicle Technology

The drive motor as the only drive of pure electric vehicles, its performance and its controlling technology have important impact on the performance of pure electric vehicles, So research of the drive motor is the focus of the pure electric vehicle technology research.This article expound the current conditions of the drive motor ,Through the comparative research, that provide the basis for selection and matching of parameters of the drive motor under the conditions of meeting design goals. In combination with the future development trends of pure electric vehicle, to put forward the key research contents of the future of drive motor based on pure electric vehicles

scholarly journals On the Historical Development and Future Prospects of Various Types of Electric Mobility

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Amela Ajanovic ◽  
Reinhard Haas ◽  
Manfred Schrödl
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Electric Mobility ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Almost All

Environmental problems such as air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions are caused by almost all transport modes. A potential solution to these problems could be electric mobility. Currently, efforts to increase the use of various types of electric vehicles are under way virtually worldwide. While in recent years a major focus was put on the electrification of passenger cars, electricity has already, for more than hundred years, been successfully used in some public transport modes such as tramways and metros. The core objective of this paper is to analyze the historical developments and the prospects of electric mobility in different transport modes and their potential contribution to the solution of the current environmental problems. With respect to the latter, we analyze the effect of the electricity generation mix on the environmental performance of electric vehicles. In addition, we document major policies implemented to promote various types of e-mobility. Our major conclusions are: (i) The policies implemented will have a major impact on the future development of electric mobility; (ii) The environmental benignity of electric vehicles depends to a large extent on the electricity generation mix.

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