scholarly journals The Energy-Saving Potential of Chilled Ceilings Combined with Personalized Ventilation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Lipczynska ◽  
Jan Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Arsen Melikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Free Cooling ◽  
Personalized Ventilation

The energy consumption of purely convective (i.e., various air volume (VAV) mixing ventilation) and combined radiant and convective HVAC systems (chilled ceiling combined with mixing ventilation—CCMV or personalized ventilation—CCPV) was investigated with multi-variant simulations carried out the IDA Indoor Climate and Energy software. We analyzed three different climates: temperate, hot and humid, and hot and dry. Our results show that the use of CCPV substantially reduced energy consumption compared to the conventional VAV system in hot climates. We also show that increasing the room temperature to 28 °C is an effective energy-saving strategy that can reduce consumption by as much as 40%. In the temperate climate, the VAV system was preferable because it used less energy as it benefited from outdoor air free-cooling. The control strategy of the supply temperature of personalized air had an impact on the energy demand of the HVAC system. The most efficient control strategy of the CCPV system was to increase the room temperature and keep the supply air temperature in the range of 20–22 °C. This approach consumed less energy than VAV or CCMV, and also improved the relative humidity in the hot climate.

Agent Based Modelling to Improve Comfort and Save Energy in the Built Environment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Zeiler ◽  
Gert Boxem ◽  
Rinus van Houten ◽  
Joep van der Velden ◽  
Willem Wortel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

In Europe comfort in buildings needs 40% of the total energy. With effects of Global warming becoming more and more apparent there is a need to reduce this energy demand by comfort within the built environment. In comfort control strategy there is an exciting development based on inclusive design: the user’s preferences and their behaviour have become central in the building services control strategy. Synergy between end-user and building is the ultimate in the intelligent comfort control concept. This new comfort control technology is based on the use of agent technology and can further reduce energy consumption of buildings while at the same time improve individual comfort. The TU/e (Technische Universiteit Eindhoven) together with Kropman and ECN (Energy research Centre Netherlands) work together in the research for user based preference indoor climate control technology. Central in this approach is the user focus of the whole building design process which makes it possible to reduce energy consumption by tuning demand and supply of the energy needed to fulfill the comfort demand of the occupants building.

scholarly journals A facile energy-saving route of fabricating thermoelectric Sb 2 Te 3 -Te nanocomposites and nanosized Te

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180698 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Yu Liu ◽  
Fei-Hung Lin ◽  
Zong-Ren Yang ◽  
Chia-Jyi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Nanosized Powders ◽  
Dimensionless Figure Of Merit ◽  
Fabrication Procedure

A facile energy-saving route is developed for fabricating Sb 2 Te 3 -Te nanocomposites and nanosized Te powders. The fabrication route not only avoids using organic chemicals, but also keeps the energy consumption to a minimum. The fabrication procedure involves two steps. Energetic precursors of nanosized powders of Sb and Te are produced at room temperature followed by hot pressing at 400°C under 70 MPa for 1 h. The resulting Sb 2 Te 3 -Te nanocomposite exhibits enhanced power factor. The dimensionless figure of merit zT value of the Sb 2 Te 3 -Te nanocomposite is 0.29 at 475 K.

scholarly journals Optimization of Performance Parameter Design and Energy Use Prediction for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Guohui Feng ◽  
Dandan Chi ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Baoyue Dou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Maximum Relative Error ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Saving Ratio ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Zero Energy Buildings

Optimizing key parameters with energy consumption as the control target can minimize the heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this paper we focus on the optimization of performance parameters design and the prediction of energy consumption for nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB). The optimal combination of various performance parameters and the Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)are studied by using a large volume of simulation data. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied for the prediction of annual electrical energy consumption in a nearly Zero Energy Building designs located in Shenyang (China). The data of the energy demand for our test is obtained by using building simulation techniques. The results demonstrate that the heating energy demand for our test nearly Zero Energy Building is 17.42 KW·h/(m2·a). The Energy Saving Ratio of window-to-wall ratios optimization is the most obvious, followed by thermal performance parameters of the window, and finally the insulation thickness. The maximum relative error of building energy consumption prediction is 6.46% when using the artificial neural network model to predict energy consumption. The establishment of this prediction method enables architects to easily and accurately obtain the energy consumption of buildings during the design phase.

Energy Consumption Analysis on Office Building Ventilation

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 1139-1143
Author(s):  
Ke Chun Sun ◽  
Wei Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Energy Simulation ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
Night Ventilation

Chongqing weather conditions as the representative, energy simulation software DesT-c Chongqing office building energy simulation analysis, simulated natural building under different ventilation conditions at room temperature, the energy consumption of building cooling load and air-conditioning system changes, with an emphasis on energy-saving effect of the night ventilation; The study showed that in Chongqing reasonable use of ventilation reduce building natural room temperature to a certain extent; Sensitive indicators of building air conditioning energy consumption than the heating energy consumption of ventilation was significantly; Night ventilation when the number of ventilators is less than 5 times / h, the energy saving effect is very significant.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Outdoor Climate, Moist Air Enthalpy and their Relation to Cooling Energy Consumption in the Tropics

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.35) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Waraporn Rattanongphisat ◽  
Anantachai Suwannakom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Outdoor Temperature ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Outdoor Climate ◽  
Enthalpy Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Tropics

The air conditioned auditorium classroom was monitored for energy consumption by a monitoring platform. One year collected data from energy consumption and indoor climate monitoring systems and outdoor climate data in Phitsanulok province, Thailand, where its climate classified as the tropics, was employed to determine their relation by regression analysis. The analysis of climate data showed that the outdoor temperature above 26 oC was accounted for 70% of the year this emphasizes on cooling requirement. Furthermore, the hourly cooling energy consumption ranged from 8.1 to 10.3 kWh for indoor air temperature between 20 oC and 32 oC.  The higher outdoor temperature causes the greater cooling energy consumption. The correlation between outdoor temperature and cooling energy consumption with linear regression showed the correlation coefficient of 0.38 while the correlation between temperature difference and enthalpy difference of the outdoor and indoor found the correlation coefficient of 0.71. This pointed out that the outdoor tropical climate highly affected to the cooling energy demand.

Action for increasing energy-saving behaviour in student residences at Rhodes University, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Ancha Lindelwa Bulunga ◽  
Gladman Thondhlana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Content Type

Purpose In response to increasing energy demand and financial constraints to invest in green infrastructure, behaviour change energy-saving interventions are increasingly being considered as a tool for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour in campus residences. This paper aims to report on a pilot programme aimed at reducing energy consumption via behaviour change interventions, variably applied in residences at Rhodes University, South Africa. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected via structured questionnaires, energy consumption records and post-intervention programme focus group discussions. Findings Participant residences that received a mix of different interventions in the forms of pamphlets, face-to-face discussions, incentives and feedback recorded more energy reductions of up to 9 per cent than residences that received a single or no intervention. In post-experiment discussions, students cited personal, institutional and structural barriers to pro-environmental energy-use behaviour. Practical implications Overall, the results of this study suggest that information provision of energy-saving tips combined with regular feedback and incentives can result in energy-use reductions in university residences, which may yield environmental and economic benefits for universities, but addressing barriers to pro-environmental behaviour might maximise the results. Originality/value Given the lack of literature on energy conservation in the global South universities, this study provides the basis for discussing the potential for using behavioural interventions in universities for stirring pathways towards sustainability.

scholarly journals The Impact of Individual Behavior on Household Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Gulshan Maqbool ◽  
Zulqarnain Haider
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Saving Behavior ◽  
The Impact

Energy-saving behaviors are defined as the daily and habitual practices of households that focus on specific reductions in energy use. The main objective of this research was to estimate the impact of the energy-saving behavior of individuals on energy demand and to estimate the impact of factors affections the adoption of energy-saving techniques. The study is based on primary data which is collected through questionnaires. The data were collected from rural and urban households in four tehsils of district Sargodha, Pakistan. The Ordinary Least Square technique was to describe the relationship between electricity consumption and different explanatory variables such as gender, age, region, family members, dwelling area, income, energy consumption awareness, external influencing factors, and household saving behavior. Job status is negative and significant, qualification variable in this study is insignificant, marital status is negatively associated with energy consumption and significant, size of a household has a significant effect on the model.  The monthly income of the household head has a positive and significant effect. Energy consumption awareness is significantly negative. External influencing factors are insignificant. Saving behavior in electronic appliances is significantly negative to energy consumption. Government should put efforts to aware the public about energy-saving measures through an awareness campaign using electronic media like mobile and email. Energy-saving appliances should be a sale at cheap prices. The household should have to change its habitual behavior.

scholarly journals An Innovative Design of Decoupled Regenerative Braking System for Electric City Bus Based on Chinese Typical Urban Driving Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Xiong ◽  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Shengyu Yan ◽  
Xiaodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
City Bus ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Braking Energy Recovery

This paper proposes a novel decoupled approach of a regenerative braking system for an electric city bus, aiming at improving the utilization of the kinetic energy for rear axle during a braking process. Three contributions are added to distinguish from the previous research. Firstly, an energy-flow model of the electric bus is established to identify the characteristic parameters which affect the energy-saving efficiency of the vehicle, while the key parameters (e.g., driving cycles and the recovery rate of braking energy) are also analyzed. Secondly, a decoupled braking energy recovery scheme together with the control strategy is developed based on the characteristics of the power assistance for electric city bus which equips an air braking system, as well as the regulatory requirements of ECE R13. At last, the energy consumption of the electric city bus is analyzed by both the simulation and vehicle tests, when the superimposed and the decoupled regenerative braking system are, respectively, employed for the vehicle. The simulation and actual road test results show that compared with the superposition braking system of the basic vehicle, the decoupled braking energy recovery system after the reform can improve the braking energy recovery rate and vehicle energy-saving degree. The decoupled energy recovery system scheme and control strategy proposed in this paper can be adopted by bus factories to reduce the energy consumption of pure-electric buses.

Impact Analysis to Building Energy Consumption of Daylighting Combined Lighting Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 202-208
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei Li ◽  
Huan Li ◽  
Jian Ping Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Building Energy Consumption ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Energy Saving Potential

A study on the building energy consumption analysis of daylighting-based lighting control strategy was carried out. A circle type of building was mainly simulated by using the eQUEST energy simulating software. By setting various window-wall ratios, we try to find the relationship between the energy saved by daylighting-based lighting control and the other main energy consumptions, such as the cooling and heating energies. The data shows that the energy saving potential of daylighting-based lighting control strategy can be 40% under the proper window-wall ratio, and in the meanwhile, the total energy saving of the whole building can be 8%. A formula is given to get the best window-wall ratio of various cities according to its geographical information and local climate factors.

Train Optimal Control Strategy on Continuous Change Gradient Steep Downgrades

2011 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhou ◽  
Hong Ze Xu ◽  
Meng Nan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Energy Feedback ◽  
Time And Energy

Reducing the traction energy consumption plays an important role in railway energy saving. Viewed from the present research situation--the models were all based on the train without energy-feedback, moreover the line condition is the fixed steep down or steep up grades, the train group energy control strategy on continuous change gradient steep downgrades with the energy-feedback is proposed. The advantage for energy-saving of the strategy is proved through the traction calculation in theory. On that basis the optimization method is applied to get the optimal strategy balancing the operation time and energy consumption. By comparing the traditional control strategy with the optimal control strategy, the experiments show that the optimal overall target index of the operation time and energy consumption is much better.

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