Alteration of Consumption Habits in Turkey Over Time

Simon Kuznets and John Maynard Keynes did research on the subject of propensity to consume. Kuznets asserted that people do not alter their consumption/saving ratio and spend more when they have more disposable income. Keynes alleged that when disposable income increases, the rate of saving also increases over time because people tend to keep their consumption habits steady. Namely, the consumption/saving ratio of households or individuals tends to decrease as disposable income goes up. And in this study, the Keynesian consumption function is investigated in the Turkish economy. The result of this research might give insight into the future of the consumption/saving ratio in Turkey. In the study, the ARDL econometric model is operated with data from the Turkish Statistical Institute. The result of the study is that people change their consumption habits with the increase of disposable income. As a result, the consumption level has been slowing down, and the propensity to consume diminishes. That proves that the Keynesian consumption function holds in Turkey.

The Socialization of Healthy Snack and Management of Pocket Money to Increase the Interest in Saving from Early Age in SDN Dumajah 1 Bangkalan

In Indonesia, the society’s awareness of saving is still low, even though the public saving ratio is an indicator of the level of economic growth. It is important to introduce a culture of saving and investing from early age to foster good habits until the child grows up. The purpose of this community service activity is to increase children's interest in saving from an early age and to educate students about healthy snack. The method used in this activity was through multidisciplinary counseling in the health aspect of healthy snack and in the economic aspect of management of pocket money in order to raise awareness to consume healthy snack and to increase student’s interest in saving because it has reduced consumption of unhealthy snacks. A total of 33 students of SDN Dumajah 1 Bangkalan were targeted in this socialization. The results obtained after the socialization were that knowledge about healthy snacks increased from 9,1% to 36,4%, while students' interest in saving increased sharply from 0% to 87,9%. The follow-up evaluation carried out 6 months after the socialization showed good results where the students previously did not have savings, now even all of them have savings with most of the nominal around Rp. 500,000, - to Rp. 700,000, -. It’s means that multidisciplinary extension activities are effective in increasing children's interest in saving.

The Effect Of The Ratio Of The Money Supply, The Ratio Of Bank Credit, And The Ratio Of Domestic Savings To Economic Growth In Malaysia

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the money supply ratio, bank credit ratio, and domestic saving ratio on economic growth. both in the short and long term. Empirically, this study uses secondary data in the form of quarterly data during the 2008 - 2018 period with the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. We find that the money supply ratio, bank credit ratio, and domestic saving ratio have a positive and significant effect on economic growth in Malaysia.

Is it reasonable for the same city to advocate a policy of reducing heating temperature by the same amount?

Reducing heating temperature is a universally recognized energy saving measure. However, the same city has buildings completed in different years and with different functional USES at the same time. It is an important issue worth discussing whether it is reasonable for the government to advocate reducing heating temperature by the same range. Based on DOE medium-sized office building as the object, using the Beijing meteorological database system, the thermal characteristics of four envelopment structures representing different completion years, the annual heating energy saving and relative energy saving ratio when the set indoor heating temperature is reduced by the same range are studied. The results show that the worse the thermal performance of the envelope is, the greater the annual heating energy is when the heating setting temperature drops by the same extent. It indicates that the older the building is, the better heating energy saving effect and more heating cost can be achieved by advocating lowering the heating setting temperature of the same range. For the annual relative energy saving ratio, the older buildings with worse envelope structure are slightly higher, while the new buildings with better envelope structure are slightly lower, but they are similar on the whole. It is proved that the policy of reducing heating temperature by the same range in the same city is reasonable for achieving similar energy saving ratio.

Optimized Design of Diesel Generators Based Chilled Water Cooling System for Intelligent Hospitals and Hotels

For the intelligent applications like Hotels and Hospitals, there is requirement of efficient chilled water system in terms of energy consumption reduction, cost minimization, reduction in Carbon Dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. As the loads in hotels and applications increases, the performances of water cooling systems becomes the worst that leads to excessive consumption of energy and emission of CO2 , thus it needs the efficient load management strategies as well. In this paper, we first analysed the challenges of energy and CO2 efficiency of water cooling system in the intelligent hospitals and hotels from systematic point of view and then introduced the effective scheduling strategies for both hotel and hospitals. Further, the key focus in this paper is to design water cooling system using the diesel generators by considering the real time applications hospitals and hotels. Since the coolant temperature is having the significant effects on the performance of cooling engine and the CO2 emissions, therefore we introduced the diesel generators with coolant system to investigate such effects. For the cold water supply load management, we designed the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based scheduling strategy at last. This paper exhibits the plan and its simulation results that analysed in terms of ESR (Energy Saving Ratio), CSR (Cost Saving Ratio), and CRR (Carbon dioxide Reduction Ratio) for the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) capacity on heating and cooling systems.

Significant Determiners of Greek Debt Crisis: A Comparative Analysis with Probit and MARS Approaches

The purpose of this study is to determine major indicators of the Greek crisis that started in 2009 and the effects of which can still be observed. In this regard, 8 independent variables were applied so as to fulfill the objective. Besides, the annual data between the years 1984 and 2016 was analyzed with Probit model. As a consequence of this study, it was concluded that inflation and gross savings are the leading meters of Greek crisis based on probit method. On the other hand, according to the MARS results, 3 different variables are identified as the indicators of the debt crisis in Greece. It is concluded that there is a negative relation between financial crisis with saving ratio and current account balance. Additionally, it is also identified that high unemployment ratio leads to financial crisis. While comparisng the results of these two approaches, it is concluded that MARS is much more successful than the probit method to predict the debt crisis in Greece. It is strongly recommended that saving ratio should be increased in Greece. For this purpose, governments should take some actions in order to increase this ratio more than 15.5%. Within this framework, media channels can be used by the government to tell the people about the importance of the savings to have sustainable economic development.

STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN PERIKANAN SKALA KECIL DENGAN PENDEKATAN EKOSISTEM DI KABUPATEN ROTE NDAO, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Pengelolaan perikanan dengan pendekatan ekosistem (Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management - EAFM) merupakan pilihan yang tepat dalam mencapai tujuan pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini penting untuk menilai status pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil dan menyusun strategi perbaikan pengelolaan menuju pada pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil yang berkelanjutan dengan pendekatan ekosistem di Kabupaten Rote Ndao. Penelitian dilakukan pada 11 desa/kelurahan di Kabupaten Rote Ndao, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, pengambilan contoh ikan dan pengukuran hasil tangkapan ikan, mengacu pada metode penilaian indikator EAFM yang mencakup 30 indikator dari enam domain. Pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Rote Ndao berdasarkan hasil penilaian terhadap seluruh domain EAFM diperoleh nilai komposit berkisar 30,0 – 63,6 dengan nilai rata-rata 52,4. Nilai tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa status pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Rote Ndao secara umum tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Hasil penilaian menurut domain EAFM menunjukan bahwa domain ekonomi tergolong dalam kategori buruk, sedangkan domain sumberdaya ikan, habitat dan ekosistem, teknologi penangkapan ikan, sosial, dan kelembagaan tergolong dalam kategori sedang. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Rote Ndao belum dikelola dengan baik dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip keberlanjutan berdasarkan indikator EAFM. Peningkatan domain ekonomi yang terfokus pada indikator pendapatan rumah tangga perikanan dan rasio tabungan menjadi prioritas utama dalam upaya perbaikan pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Kabupaten Rote Ndao.Title: Strategy of Ecosystem Approach to Small-Scale Fisheries Management in Rote Ndao District, East Nusa TenggaraEcosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM) is an effective method to manage sustainable small-scale fisheries. This research aims to evaluate the current status of small-scale fisheries management using EAFM indicators as well as to establish the development strategies of sustainable small-scale fisheries using ecosystem approach in Rote Ndao. The study was conducted in 11 villages in Rote Ndao District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. Data were collected through interviews, fish sampling and measuring referring to EAFM analysis covering 30 indicators grouped into 6 domains. The EAFM analysis generates a composite value ranged between 30,0 – 63,6 with an average value of 52.4. This number indicated that the condition status of the small scale fisheries in Rote Ndao was generally in moderate category. Economic domain is in poor category, while the other domains is in moderate category (fish resource, habitat and ecosystem, fishing technology, social and institution) These findings suggested that small-scale fisheries management in Rote Ndao has not been managed optimally based on sustainable principles in EAFM. Improvement in the economic domain focusing on indicators of fisheries household income and saving ratio were the main priorities for the improvement of small-scale fisheries management in Rote Ndao district

Building energy efficiency in Guangdong province, China

Because of irreversibility on building construction, building energy efficiency design is more depended on simulation technology. Ministry of Housing and Urban?Rural Development of China also stated that China?s building energy consumption accounted for 27.5% of the total energy consumption in 2012. Energy consumption is simulated based on the heat transfer principle of building wall, windows, roof and ventilation. Improved measurements are proposed for simulation cases. The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning energy consumption of benchmark and energy efficiency building are simulated based on EnergyPlus software. The most effective energy-saving measurements of energy efficiency building are improving air-conditioning system performance and thermal properties of wall and window. The results show that the energy efficiency ratio of refrigeration system should be more than three and energy-saving ratio is about 30%. Heat transfer coefficient of wall and window should be less than 1.0 W/m2k- and 2.0 ,W/m2k- the energy-saving ratio is more than 16% and 10%, respectively. The sum energy-saving ratios of refrigeration system, wall and window are about 56%. The energy efficiency ratios of roof and air exchanges number are not very obvious. Some energy-saving technologies with high cost are put forward based on simulation results which provide effective ways for building energy efficiency in Guangdong province, China.

Optimization of Performance Parameter Design and Energy Use Prediction for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings

Optimizing key parameters with energy consumption as the control target can minimize the heating and cooling needs of buildings. In this paper we focus on the optimization of performance parameters design and the prediction of energy consumption for nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB). The optimal combination of various performance parameters and the Energy Saving Ratio (ESR)are studied by using a large volume of simulation data. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied for the prediction of annual electrical energy consumption in a nearly Zero Energy Building designs located in Shenyang (China). The data of the energy demand for our test is obtained by using building simulation techniques. The results demonstrate that the heating energy demand for our test nearly Zero Energy Building is 17.42 KW·h/(m2·a). The Energy Saving Ratio of window-to-wall ratios optimization is the most obvious, followed by thermal performance parameters of the window, and finally the insulation thickness. The maximum relative error of building energy consumption prediction is 6.46% when using the artificial neural network model to predict energy consumption. The establishment of this prediction method enables architects to easily and accurately obtain the energy consumption of buildings during the design phase.