scholarly journals AC Current Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Converters with Neutral Line Inductor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Neutral Line ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Current Ripple

This paper presents a comprehensive study of peak-to-peak and root-mean-square (RMS) values of AC current ripples with balanced and unbalanced fundamental currents in a generic case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC interface inductors present in all three phases and in neutral. The AC current ripple characteristics were determined for both phase and neutral currents, considering the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) method. The derived expressions are simple, effective, and ready for accurate AC current ripple calculations in three- or four-leg converters. This is particularly handy in the converter design process, since there is no need for heavy numerical simulations to determine an optimal set of design parameters, such as switching frequency and line inductances, based on the grid code or load restrictions in terms of AC current ripple. Particular attention has been paid to the performance comparison between the conventional three-phase three-leg converter and its four-leg counterpart, with distinct line inductance values in the neutral wire. In addition to that, a design example was performed to demonstrate the power of the derived equations. Numerical simulations and extensive experimental tests were thoroughly verified the analytical developments.

scholarly journals AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Voltage Source ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Voltage Source Converters ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Current Ripple

Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.

scholarly journals Phase and Neutral Current Ripple Analysis in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split-Capacitor Grid Converter for EV Chargers

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Riccardo Barbone ◽  
Davide Pontara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Neutral Current ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Split Capacitor ◽  
Current Ripples ◽  
Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Current Ripple

The current switching ripple in a three-phase four-wire split-capacitor converter is analyzed in this paper for all the four ac output wires in relation to both balanced and unbalanced working conditions. Specifically, analytical formulations of the peak-to-peak and root mean square (RMS) current ripples are originally evaluated as a function of the modulation index, separately for the three phases and the neutral wire. Initially, the single-carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is outlined, as it generally concerns a straightforward and effective modulation. With the aim of mitigating the current ripple in the neutral wire, the interleaved multiple-carrier PWM strategy is adopted, also avoiding any repercussion on the phase one. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were carried out to verify all the analytical developments.

scholarly journals Design and development of PWM switching for 5-level multiphase interleaved DC/DC boost converter using FPGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
A. F. H. A. Gani ◽  
A. A. Bakar ◽  
A. Ponniran ◽  
M. Hussainar ◽  
M. A. N. Amran
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Boost Converter ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Switching Scheme ◽  
Digital Controllers ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Current Ripple

<p>The continuously increasing demand for control on electric power equipment has led to the rapid technological development in various applications such as renewable energy, electric drives, and communication. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) switching is an important technique to control the output voltage. PWM signals can either be generated using digital controller or analog controller. Digital controllers are widely used to generate PWM signals due to their reliability in solving complex algorithms within short amount of time. Multiphase boost converter is capable to overcome high input current ripple, current stress and semiconductor losses in conventional boost converter. This paper proposes a PWM switching scheme for multiphase interleaved converter using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The proposed switching scheme uses PWM switching technique that is implemented by programming Altera DE2-70 board. The duty cycle can be easily adjusted using assigned switches on the Altera board. For validation, switching frequency was set to 100 kHz, and then switching signal was observed using oscilloscope.</p>

scholarly journals Implementation on the dSPACE 1104 of VOC-SVM based anti-windup PI Controller of a three-phase PWM rectifier

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1586
Author(s):  
J. Lamterkati ◽  
L. Ouboubker ◽  
M. Khafallah ◽  
A. El afia
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Pwm Rectifier ◽  
External Loop ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Dspace 1104 ◽  
Controller Board

<p><span>The study made in this paper concerns the use of the voltage-oriented control (VOC) of three-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifier with constant switching frequency. This control method, called voltage-oriented controlwith space vector modulation (VOC-SVM). The proposed control scheme has been founded on the transformation between stationary (α-β) and and synchronously rotating (d-q) coordinate system, it is based on two cascaded control loops so that a fast inner loop controls the grid current and an external loop DC-link voltage, while the DC-bus voltage is maintained at the desired level and ansured the unity power factor operation. So, the stable state performance and robustness against the load’s disturbance of PWM rectifiers are boths improved. The proposed scheme has been implemented and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The control system of the VOC-SVM strategy has been built based on dSPACE system with DS1104 controller board. The results obtained show the validity of the model and its control method. Compared with the conventional SPWM method, the VOC-SVM ensures high performance and fast transient response.</span></p>

Evaluation of AC Current Ripple in case of Split-Capacitor Three-Phase Four Wires Inverters

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Three Phase ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Split Capacitor ◽  
Current Ripple

Realization of Fixed Switching Frequency Direct Power Control for Three-Phase AC/DC Converter

2013 ◽  
Vol 385-386 ◽  
pp. 1216-1219
Author(s):  
Yun Liang Wang ◽  
Yong Le Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Power Control ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Modulation Method ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Direct Power ◽  
Direct Power Control ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Virtual Flux

This paper presents fixed switching frequency direct power control (FSF-DPC) for three-phase AC/DC converter. Sensorless control strategies based on virtual-flux can optimize the performance of the system. In this paper, realization of pulse width modulation method for FSF-DPC is presented. The simulation results show that the system running performance is good.

scholarly journals Analysis of Input Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split Capacitor PWM Inverters

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Input Voltage ◽  
Switching Voltage ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Voltage Ripple ◽  
Battery Chargers ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Split Capacitor

Three-phase, four-wire split capacitor inverters are currently employed in many applications, such as photovoltaic systems, battery chargers for electric vehicles, active power filters, and, in general, in all grid-tied applications that deal with possible grid voltage and/or current unbalances. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of the capacitor-switching voltage ripple and dc-link switching voltage ripple for the three-phase, four-wire, split capacitor inverters. Specifically, analytical formulations of the peak-to-peak and rms values of the voltage ripples are originally pointed out in this paper and determined in the case of balanced three-phase and unbalanced (two-phase and single-phase) output (ac) currents. The obtained results can help in designing the considered inverter and sizing of the dc-link capacitors. Reference is made to the sinusoidal PWM modulation and sinusoidal three-phase output currents with an almost unity power factor, representing a grid-connected application. Extensive numerical simulations have been carried out to thoroughly verify all the analytical developments presented in this paper. Furthermore, some experimental tests, having balanced output currents on the ac side, have been accomplished, validating numerical simulations and analytical developments.

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