scholarly journals A Case Study of an Industrial Power Plant under Cyberattack: Simulation and Analysis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2568
Author(s):  
Marilena Stănculescu ◽  
Sorin Deleanu ◽  
Paul Cristian Andrei ◽  
Horia Andrei
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electrical Parameter ◽  
National Level ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Process Flow ◽  
Access Methods

For critical infrastructures, technological developments regarding real-time data transmission and processing improve the system's operability and reliability. However, vulnerabilities are introduced in the case of implementing new remote access methods or where redundancy is low. At the national level, most critical infrastructures are connected, and, therefore, achieving a level of security and resilience is based on identifying a multitude of risks. In this respect, the reduction of risk to acceptable levels directly affects the quality of citizens' lives and decreases losses in the industry. This study starts from the threats to power systems, namely cyberattacks, which are much more dangerous, although less visible, to operators, and almost invisible to the public or the media. From this point of view, it was proved that the most vulnerable parts of the power system were human–machine interfaces, electrical equipment, Surveillance, Control, and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. This paper's main achievements include the simulation of cyberattacks on existing electrical equipment from a petrochemical plant (case study), which consists of modifying the remote data transmitted by the SCADA system. Two locations were submitted to simulated cyberattacks that were considered critical for the overall plant operation. Furthermore, the changes that occur following each fault resulting from the cyberattack and the influence of the electrical parameter changes upon the process flow were analyzed. Furthermore, by using Electrical Power System Analysis Software—ETAP—the changes that occur following each fault due to the cyberattack and the influence of the electrical parameter changes upon the process flow were analyzed. By considering the two malfunction events, the resilience assessment of the system was analyzed. In the second case, only partial resilience action, up to 40%, restored the operability of the industrial power plant.

scholarly journals Load Frequency Control Using Hybrid Intelligent Optimization Technique for Multi-Source Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Deepak Kumar Gupta ◽  
Amitkumar V. Jha ◽  
Bhargav Appasani ◽  
Avireni Srinivasulu ◽  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Frequency Deviation ◽  
Source Power ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Tie Line

The automatic load frequency control for multi-area power systems has been a challenging task for power system engineers. The complexity of this task further increases with the incorporation of multiple sources of power generation. For multi-source power system, this paper presents a new heuristic-based hybrid optimization technique to achieve the objective of automatic load frequency control. In particular, the proposed optimization technique regulates the frequency deviation and the tie-line power in multi-source power system. The proposed optimization technique uses the main features of three different optimization techniques, namely, the Firefly Algorithm (FA), the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and the Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The proposed algorithm was used to tune the parameters of a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to achieve the automatic load frequency control of the multi-source power system. The integral time absolute error was used as the objective function. Moreover, the controller was also tuned to ensure that the tie-line power and the frequency of the multi-source power system were within the acceptable limits. A two-area power system was designed using MATLAB-Simulink tool, consisting of three types of power sources, viz., thermal power plant, hydro power plant, and gas-turbine power plant. The overall efficacy of the proposed algorithm was tested for two different case studies. In the first case study, both the areas were subjected to a load increment of 0.01 p.u. In the second case, the two areas were subjected to different load increments of 0.03 p.u and 0.02 p.u, respectively. Furthermore, the settling time and the peak overshoot were considered to measure the effect on the frequency deviation and on the tie-line response. For the first case study, the settling times for the frequency deviation in area-1, the frequency deviation in area-2, and the tie-line power flow were 8.5 s, 5.5 s, and 3.0 s, respectively. In comparison, these values were 8.7 s, 6.1 s, and 5.5 s, using PSO; 8.7 s, 7.2 s, and 6.5 s, using FA; and 9.0 s, 8.0 s, and 11.0 s using GSA. Similarly, for case study II, these values were: 5.5 s, 5.6 s, and 5.1 s, using the proposed algorithm; 6.2 s, 6.3 s, and 5.3 s, using PSO; 7.0 s, 6.5 s, and 10.0 s, using FA; and 8.5 s, 7.5 s, and 12.0 s, using GSA. Thus, the proposed algorithm performed better than the other techniques.

scholarly journals An Exploration of The Key Issues and Challenges in Implementing Public-Private Partnerships: A Case Study of The Central Java Power Plant Project, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fikriyatul Falashifah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Impact

<p>Over the last two decades, Indonesia began to implement Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to provide an alternative mechanism for providing public infrastructure. The need to accelerate development, fulfil national demands and address mounting fiscal constraints are the reasons behind choosing PPP approach. One of the infrastructure projects using PPP mechanisms in Indonesia is Central Java Power Plant (CJPP) project, which is claimed to be the largest power plant in Southeast Asia. The project bidding was won by three consortia including ITOCHU Corporation, Adaro Power and J-Power, while the Government of Indonesia provided a guarantee for this project through the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and the Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund (IIGF). The project is built under Build, Operate, Own, and Transfer (BOOT) PPP model.  In continuing academic research about PPP in general and CJPP in particular, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring critical issues and challenges in implementing PPPs in CJPP project. Three issues were chosen for particular examination, including governance, environment and social issues. This study was conducted by adopting a qualitative approach under a constructivist epistemology to gain meaning and knowledge from certain phenomena or specific circumstances, in this case, by using CJPP as a single case study. Document reviews, semi-structured interviews, and unstructured observation were carried out from July to September 2018 to gain information and perspectives from multilevel stakeholders who are in charge, involved in and were impacted by the implementation of PPP mechanism in CJPP. Stakeholder Analysis and Sustainable Livelihood Approach were taken as the framework for data analysis.  This study found that top-down approach applied to implementing PPP in CJPP project left some governance issues and dynamics about power relations and regulations; conflicting stakeholders’ interests; communication and knowledge gaps; and dualism perspectives for viewing the scheme. The Governments of Central Java and Batang Regency underwent difficulties in structuring and implementing Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), or in Bahasa Indonesia known as AMDAL. Meanwhile, coal, the major resource that will be utilised in this project, faces issues surrounding its emissions, stock, and sustainability. Several issues regarding five forms of capital for sustainable livelihood – human capital, social capital, economic capital, natural capital and physical capital – also arose during the project period. These issues included differing perspectives and sentiments among the surrounding societies and economic inequalities, as well as cultural and migration issues.  It is hoped that this research can inform our understanding of PPP implementation, both in policy and in practice. Based on this study, PPP practice at the national level should standardise documents and processes as well as having project assistance. At the regional level, the local government must be more empowered regarding their roles, responsibilities and resource management. Moreover, the impact of PPP on environment and society should be more precisely predicted and managed.</p>

scholarly journals Operation Algorithms and Computational Simulation of Physical Cooling and Heat Recovery for Indoor Space Conditioning. A Case Study for a Hydro Power Plant in Lugano, Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4574
Author(s):  
Katsaprakakis ◽  
Kagiamis ◽  
Zidianakis ◽  
Ambrosini
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Set Up

This article presents the computational simulation process and the operation algorithms of the VAV and VRV systems, for indoor space conditioning, with extensive physical cooling and heat recovery. Through the introduction of appropriate operation algorithms, the article aims to highlight the high energy saving potential on indoor space conditioning, by exploiting physical cooling and heat recovery processes. The proposed algorithms are evaluated with a case study for a hydro power plant building located in the area of Lugano, Switzerland, with significant cooling needs for the whole year, due to high internal heat gains from indoor electrical equipment. This fact enables physical cooling during winter, for the cooling load coverage, and heat recovery, for the concurrent heating load coverage in different thermal zones of the building. Analytical operation algorithms are developed for a VAV and a VRV system. Both algorithms are computationally simulated. With the VAV system, 86.1% and 63.7% of the annual cooling and heating demand, respectively are covered by physical cooling and heat recovery. With the VRV system, 58.5% of the annual heating demand is covered by heat recovery. The set-up cost of the VAV system is almost twice higher than the set-up cost of the VRV system.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fuel Consumption on a Hybrid Marine Power Plant With Low-Power Versus High-Power Engines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenying Wu ◽  
Laxminarayan Thorat ◽  
Roger Skjetne
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Power ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Optimal Operating ◽  
System Configurations

In this paper, we are comparing fuel consumption on a case study hybrid marine power plant with diesel gensets and batteries. Optimization methods are used to find an optimal operating point for the gensets, under different power demands, with regards to fuel consumption and NOx emissions. Three different power system example configurations for an offshore construction vessel are explored in this study, and the simulations are carried out to compare the resulting fuel consumption and NOx emissions for these power system configurations.

scholarly journals An Exploration of The Key Issues and Challenges in Implementing Public-Private Partnerships: A Case Study of The Central Java Power Plant Project, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Fikriyatul Falashifah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Impact

<p>Over the last two decades, Indonesia began to implement Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to provide an alternative mechanism for providing public infrastructure. The need to accelerate development, fulfil national demands and address mounting fiscal constraints are the reasons behind choosing PPP approach. One of the infrastructure projects using PPP mechanisms in Indonesia is Central Java Power Plant (CJPP) project, which is claimed to be the largest power plant in Southeast Asia. The project bidding was won by three consortia including ITOCHU Corporation, Adaro Power and J-Power, while the Government of Indonesia provided a guarantee for this project through the Ministry of Finance (MoF) and the Indonesia Infrastructure Guarantee Fund (IIGF). The project is built under Build, Operate, Own, and Transfer (BOOT) PPP model.  In continuing academic research about PPP in general and CJPP in particular, this study was conducted with the aim of exploring critical issues and challenges in implementing PPPs in CJPP project. Three issues were chosen for particular examination, including governance, environment and social issues. This study was conducted by adopting a qualitative approach under a constructivist epistemology to gain meaning and knowledge from certain phenomena or specific circumstances, in this case, by using CJPP as a single case study. Document reviews, semi-structured interviews, and unstructured observation were carried out from July to September 2018 to gain information and perspectives from multilevel stakeholders who are in charge, involved in and were impacted by the implementation of PPP mechanism in CJPP. Stakeholder Analysis and Sustainable Livelihood Approach were taken as the framework for data analysis.  This study found that top-down approach applied to implementing PPP in CJPP project left some governance issues and dynamics about power relations and regulations; conflicting stakeholders’ interests; communication and knowledge gaps; and dualism perspectives for viewing the scheme. The Governments of Central Java and Batang Regency underwent difficulties in structuring and implementing Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA), or in Bahasa Indonesia known as AMDAL. Meanwhile, coal, the major resource that will be utilised in this project, faces issues surrounding its emissions, stock, and sustainability. Several issues regarding five forms of capital for sustainable livelihood – human capital, social capital, economic capital, natural capital and physical capital – also arose during the project period. These issues included differing perspectives and sentiments among the surrounding societies and economic inequalities, as well as cultural and migration issues.  It is hoped that this research can inform our understanding of PPP implementation, both in policy and in practice. Based on this study, PPP practice at the national level should standardise documents and processes as well as having project assistance. At the regional level, the local government must be more empowered regarding their roles, responsibilities and resource management. Moreover, the impact of PPP on environment and society should be more precisely predicted and managed.</p>

Achieving the Objectives in the Field of Consequences Management at the National Level, By Preparing the Economy and the Territory for Defense

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Dorel Badea ◽  
Daniel Roman ◽  
Dumitru Iancu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
National Level ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Topical Area

AbstractThis article presents some lines of effort to reach the specific objectives, for a topical area of collective security, the management of consequences. Conceptual correlations in this spectrum are highlighted between emergencies, critical infrastructures, community resilience. Theoretical research is accompanied by examples taken from practice, the case study at national level being focused on the contribution made to the efficient management of the consequences of the processes specific to the preparation of the economy and the territory for defense. It is emphasized, based on the experience of the specific events of the Covid 19 dynamics, the role and importance of this sector of administrative activity in the critical infrastructure security plan.

scholarly journals ANALISA INDEKS KEKUATAN SISTEM PADA SAAT TERJADI GANGGUAN DI PLTA POSO

JURNAL ELTEK ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marwan Marwan ◽  
Ati Lolo Ratnasari ◽  
Satriani Said Akhmad
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical System ◽  
Electrical Power System ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
A Value

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya nilai indeks kekuatan system (IKS) system kelistrikan Sulawesi Bagian Selatan. Untuk mencapai tujuan dari penelitian ini, simulasi sistem kelistrikan pada saat terjadi gangguan di PLTA Poso dengan menggunakan DigSilent. Simulasi dilakukan pada saat terjadi gangguan dalam dua waktu yang berbeda yaitu pada Waktu Beban Puncak (WBP) dan Luar Waktu Beban Puncak (LWBP) dengan tiga skenario gangguan yakni pada saat trip 1 unit, trip 2 unit dan trip 3 unit. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besarnya nilai IKS dalam WBP sebesar 55,05 MW/Hz dan LWBP yaitu 47,19 MW/Hz.   The aim of this research to find out a value of electrical power system indeks (IKS) in South Sulawesi. To achieved this aim, simulation of the electrical system if an outage was occured in PLTA Pos under DgiSilent program. In this simulation, peak and off-peak season was chosen for the case study with three kinds of scenarious, such as: when 1 power plant was off, 2 power plant was off and 3 power plant was off, continuously. The result of research illustrated that a value of IKS for peak and off peka season were 55,05 MW/Hz and 47,19 MW/Hz.

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