scholarly journals Application of Enhanced CPC for Load Identification, Preventive Maintenance and Grid Interpretation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3275
Author(s):  
Netzah Calamaro ◽  
Avihai Ofir ◽  
Doron Shmilovitz
Keyword(s):  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Component Representation ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
Physical Components ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Currents’ Physical Components (CPC) theory with spectral component representation is proposed as a generic grid interpretation method for detecting variations and structures. It is shown theoretically and validated experimentally that scattered and reactive CPC currents are highly suited for anomaly detection. CPC are enhanced by recursively disassembling the currents into 6 scattered subcomponents and 22 subcomponents overall, where additional anomalies dominate the subcurrents. Further disassembly is useful for anomaly detection and for grid deciphering. It is shown that the newly introduced syntax is highly effective for identifying variations even when the detected signals are in the order of 10−3 compared to conventional methods. The admittance physical components’ transfer functions, Yi(ω), have been shown to improve the physical sensory function. The approach is exemplified in two scenarios demonstrating much higher sensitivity than classical electrical measurements. The proposed module may be located at a data center remote from the sensor. The CPC preprocessor, by means of a deep learning CNN, is compared to the current FFT and the current input raw data, which demonstrates 18% improved accuracy over FFT and 45% improved accuracy over raw current i(t). It is shown that the new preprocessor/detector enables highly accurate anomaly detection with the CNN classification core.

Anomaly Detection using system logs

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Log Files ◽  
System Logs ◽  
Hadoop Distributed File System ◽  
Windowing Technique ◽  
Improved Accuracy

Anomaly detection is a very important step in building a secure and trustworthy system. Manually it is daunting to analyze and detect failures and anomalies. In this paper, we proposed an approach that leverages the pattern matching capabilities of Convolution Neural Network (CNN) for anomaly detection in system logs. Features from log files are extracted using a windowing technique. Based on this feature, a one-dimensional image (1×n dimension) is generated where the pixel values of an image correlate with the features of the logs. On these images, the 1D Convolution operation is applied followed by max pooling. Followed by Convolution layers, a multi-layer feed-forward neural network is used as a classifier that learns to classify the logs as normal or abnormal from the representation created by the convolution layers. The model learns the variation in log pattern for normal and abnormal behavior. The proposed approach achieved improved accuracy compared to existing approaches for anomaly detection in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) logs.

scholarly journals Sensory augmentation: integration of an auditory compass signal into human perception of space

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schumann ◽  
J. Kevin O’Regan
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Magnetic Signal ◽  
Sensory Augmentation ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sensorimotor Contingencies

Abstract Bio-mimetic approaches to restoring sensory function show great promise in that they rapidly produce perceptual experience, but have the disadvantage of being invasive. In contrast, sensory substitution approaches are non-invasive, but may lead to cognitive rather than perceptual experience. Here we introduce a new non-invasive approach that leads to fast and truly perceptual experience like bio-mimetic techniques. Instead of building on existing circuits at the neural level as done in bio-mimetics, we piggy-back on sensorimotor contingencies at the stimulus level. We convey head orientation to geomagnetic North, a reliable spatial relation not normally sensed by humans, by mimicking sensorimotor contingencies of distal sounds via head-related transfer functions. We demonstrate rapid and long-lasting integration into the perception of self-rotation. Short training with amplified or reduced rotation gain in the magnetic signal can expand or compress the perceived extent of vestibular self-rotation, even with the magnetic signal absent in the test. We argue that it is the reliability of the magnetic signal that allows vestibular spatial recalibration, and the coding scheme mimicking sensorimotor contingencies of distal sounds that permits fast integration. Hence we propose that contingency-mimetic feedback has great potential for creating sensory augmentation devices that achieve fast and genuinely perceptual experiences.

scholarly journals A Multiagent Transfer Function Neuroapproach to Solve Fuzzy Riccati Differential Equations

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shazri Shahrir ◽  
N. Kumaresan ◽  
Kuru Ratnavelu ◽  
M. Z. M. Kamali
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Riccati Differential Equation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Riccati Differential Equations ◽  
Continuous Estimation ◽  
Improved Accuracy

A numerical solution of fuzzy quadratic Riccati differential equation is estimated using a proposed new approach for neural networks (NN). This proposed new approach provides different degrees of polynomial subspaces for each of the transfer function. This multitude of transfer functions creates unique “agents” in the structure of the NN. Hence it is named as multiagent neuroapproach (multiagent NN). Previous works have shown that results using Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK4) are reliable. The results can be achieved by solving the 1st order nonlinear differential equation (ODE) that is found commonly in Riccati differential equation. Multiagent NN shows promising results with the advantage of continuous estimation and improved accuracy that can be produced over Mabood et al. (2013), RK-4, and the existing neuromethod (NM). Numerical examples are discussed to illustrate the proposed method.

Parametric Identification of Control Objects to Provide the Improved Accuracy on Start or End Point of Timing Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 525-531
Author(s):  
V. Goncharov ◽  
D. Berchuk ◽  
V. Than ◽  
I. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Solution ◽  
Transient Process ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Parametric Identification ◽  
Identification Problem ◽  
Maximum Error ◽  
Improved Accuracy

This work considers the parametric identification problem of control objects and signals. The problem feature is the necessity of searching for an approximate solution that provides the improved accuracy of the transition process in the high (or low) values of time. This work suggests a variant that satisfies the requirements of accuracy and robustness to solve the problem. Based on using numerical methods to solve the problem, the variant has its own singularities. Firstly, its instrumental variable allows redistributing the maximum error of the approximate solution by the interval of transient process. Secondly, the variant is applied to the dynamic systems, transfer functions of which have fractional-rational, irrational and transcendental expressions. This work also leads the calculations to illustrate the suggested method that obtains an improved accuracy of the approximation in the initial and final fragments of the transient process.

A simple way for producing holographic filters suitable for image improvement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
E. Reuber ◽  
P. Schiske
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Diffraction Order ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wiener Filters ◽  
Image Improvement ◽  
Optical Reconstruction ◽  
Set Up

Aposteriori deblurring of high resolution electron micrographs of weak phase objects can be performed by holographic filters [1,2] which are arranged in the Fourier domain of a light-optical reconstruction set-up. According to the diffraction efficiency and the lateral position of the grating structure, the filters permit adjustment of the amplitudes and phases of the spatial frequencies in the image which is obtained in the first diffraction order.In the case of bright field imaging with axial illumination, the Contrast Transfer Functions (CTF) are oscillating, but real. For different imageforming conditions and several signal-to-noise ratios an extensive set of Wiener-filters should be available. A simple method of producing such filters by only photographic and mechanical means will be described here.A transparent master grating with 6.25 lines/mm and 160 mm diameter was produced by a high precision computer plotter. It is photographed through a rotating mask, plotted by a standard plotter.

Analytic integration of contrast transfer functions

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 822-823
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Transfer Function ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Scattering Angle ◽  
Analytic Integration ◽  
Image Position

In high resolution microscopy the image amplitude is given by the convolution of the specimen exit surface wave function and the microscope objective lens transfer function. This is usually done by multiplying the wave function and the transfer function in reciprocal space and integrating over the effective aperture. For very thin specimens the scattering can be represented by a weak phase object and the amplitude observed in the image plane is1where fe (Θ) is the electron scattering factor, r is a postition variable, Θ a scattering angle and x(Θ) the lens transfer function. x(Θ) is given by2where Cs is the objective lens spherical aberration coefficient, the wavelength, and f the defocus.We shall consider one dimensional scattering that might arise from a cross sectional specimen containing disordered planes of a heavy element stacked in a regular sequence among planes of lighter elements. In a direction parallel to the disordered planes there will be a continuous distribution of scattering angle.

CBED study of low-temperature InP grown by gas source MBE

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 810-811
Author(s):  
R. Rajesh ◽  
M.J. Kim ◽  
J.S. Bow ◽  
R.W. Carpenter ◽  
G.N. Maracas
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Material System ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Electrical Measurements ◽  
Gas Source ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
The One ◽  
Lt Inp ◽  
Gas Source Mbe

In our previous work on MBE grown low temperature (LT) InP, attempts had been made to understand the relationships between the structural and electrical properties of this material system. Electrical measurements had established an enhancement of the resistivity of the phosphorus-rich LT InP layers with annealing under a P2 flux, which was directly correlated with the presence of second-phase particles. Further investigations, however, have revealed the presence of two fundamentally different types of precipitates. The first type are the surface particles, essentially an artefact of argon ion milling and containing mostly pure indium. The second type and the one more important to the study are the dense precipitates in the bulk of the annealed layers. These are phosphorus-rich and are believed to contribute to the improvement in the resistivity of the material.The observation of metallic indium islands solely in the annealed LT layers warranted further study in order to better understand the exact reasons for their formation.

Electron Holography Improving Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Hannes Lichte
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Object Wave ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Wave Aberration

Generally, the electron object wave o(r) is modulated both in amplitude and phase. In the image plane of an ideal imaging system we would expect to find an image wave b(r) that is modulated in exactly the same way, i. e. b(r) =o(r). If, however, there are aberrations, the image wave instead reads as b(r) =o(r) * FT(WTF) i. e. the convolution of the object wave with the Fourier transform of the wave transfer function WTF . Taking into account chromatic aberration, illumination divergence and the wave aberration of the objective lens, one finds WTF(R) = Echrom(R)Ediv(R).exp(iX(R)) . The envelope functions Echrom(R) and Ediv(R) damp the image wave, whereas the effect of the wave aberration X(R) is to disorder amplitude and phase according to real and imaginary part of exp(iX(R)) , as is schematically sketched in fig. 1.Since in ordinary electron microscopy only the amplitude of the image wave can be recorded by the intensity of the image, the wave aberration has to be chosen such that the object component of interest (phase or amplitude) is directed into the image amplitude. Using an aberration free objective lens, for X=0 one sees the object amplitude, for X= π/2 (“Zernike phase contrast”) the object phase. For a real objective lens, however, the wave aberration is given by X(R) = 2π (.25 Csλ3R4 + 0.5ΔzλR2), Cs meaning the coefficient of spherical aberration and Δz defocusing. Consequently, the transfer functions sin X(R) and cos(X(R)) strongly depend on R such that amplitude and phase of the image wave represent only fragments of the object which, fortunately, supplement each other. However, recording only the amplitude gives rise to the fundamental problems, restricting resolution and interpretability of ordinary electron images:

The Effect of Nonlinear Amplitude Growth on the Speech Perception Benefits Provided by a Single-Sided Vocoder

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Wess ◽  
Joshua G. W. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
Interaural Difference ◽  
Interaural Differences ◽  
Single Sided Deafness ◽  
Perceptual Separation ◽  
Loudness Growth

PurposeFor listeners with single-sided deafness, a cochlear implant (CI) can improve speech understanding by giving the listener access to the ear with the better target-to-masker ratio (TMR; head shadow) or by providing interaural difference cues to facilitate the perceptual separation of concurrent talkers (squelch). CI simulations presented to listeners with normal hearing examined how these benefits could be affected by interaural differences in loudness growth in a speech-on-speech masking task.MethodExperiment 1 examined a target–masker spatial configuration where the vocoded ear had a poorer TMR than the nonvocoded ear. Experiment 2 examined the reverse configuration. Generic head-related transfer functions simulated free-field listening. Compression or expansion was applied independently to each vocoder channel (power-law exponents: 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, or 2).ResultsCompression reduced the benefit provided by the vocoder ear in both experiments. There was some evidence that expansion increased squelch in Experiment 1 but reduced the benefit in Experiment 2 where the vocoder ear provided a combination of head-shadow and squelch benefits.ConclusionsThe effects of compression and expansion are interpreted in terms of envelope distortion and changes in the vocoded-ear TMR (for head shadow) or changes in perceived target–masker spatial separation (for squelch). The compression parameter is a candidate for clinical optimization to improve single-sided deafness CI outcomes.

Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 864-872
Author(s):  
Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽  
Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Renata Mancopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Sensory Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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