Particulate Matter Reduction in Residual Biomass Combustion

Counteracting emissions of particulate matter (PM) is an increasingly important goal in sustainable biomass combustion. This work includes a novel approach to investigate the PM emissions, originating from residual biomass combustion, at different combustion conditions in a lab-scale grate-fired furnace and includes in situ PM measurements by using on-line sensors. The interior furnace design allows installation of baffles to suppress the emissions by controlling the residence time. Moreover, the two-thermocouple method is used to measure the true gas temperature, and an on-line spatially resolved PM measurement method is developed to study the evolution of the PM concentration throughout the furnace for different experimental conditions thereby allowing accurate in-situ measurement of the PM reactivity. Experimental results and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses are utilized in the current work to develop a kinetic model for reduction of particulate matter emissions in biomass combustion. The discrete particle model (DPM) is utilized in CFD analysis to improve the understanding of the particle temperature and residence time distribution which are difficult to quantify experimentally. By combining the experimental measurements of real soot formed during biomass combustion and information from the CFD analyses, a predictive kinetic model for PM10 reduction in biomass combustion is successfully developed.

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Remote On-Line Control of a High-Voltage in situ Transmission Electron Microscope with A Rational User Interface

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100164386 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 384-385

Author(s):

M.A. O’Keefe ◽

J. Taylor ◽

D. Owen ◽

B. Crowley ◽

K.H. Westmacott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

User Interface ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

High Voltage ◽

Materials Science ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

On Line ◽

Electron Microscopes

Remote on-line electron microscopy is rapidly becoming more available as improvements continue to be developed in the software and hardware of interfaces and networks. Scanning electron microscopes have been driven remotely across both wide and local area networks. Initial implementations with transmission electron microscopes have targeted unique facilities like an advanced analytical electron microscope, a biological 3-D IVEM and a HVEM capable of in situ materials science applications. As implementations of on-line transmission electron microscopy become more widespread, it is essential that suitable standards be developed and followed. Two such standards have been proposed for a high-level protocol language for on-line access, and we have proposed a rational graphical user interface. The user interface we present here is based on experience gained with a full-function materials science application providing users of the National Center for Electron Microscopy with remote on-line access to a 1.5MeV Kratos EM-1500 in situ high-voltage transmission electron microscope via existing wide area networks. We have developed and implemented, and are continuing to refine, a set of tools, protocols, and interfaces to run the Kratos EM-1500 on-line for collaborative research. Computer tools for capturing and manipulating real-time video signals are integrated into a standardized user interface that may be used for remote access to any transmission electron microscope equipped with a suitable control computer.

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The influence of chemical parameters on the in-situ metal carbonyl complex formation studied with the fast on-line reaction apparatus (FORA)

Radiochimica Acta ◽

10.1515/ract-2020-0031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 243-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yves Wittwer ◽

Robert Eichler ◽

Dominik Herrmann ◽

Andreas Türler

Keyword(s):

Metal Carbonyl ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Single Atom ◽

Carbonyl Complex ◽

Carbonyl Complexes ◽

On Line ◽

Carrier Gases ◽

And Performance ◽

Atom Chemistry

Abstract A new setup named Fast On-line Reaction Apparatus (FORA) is presented which allows for the efficient investigation and optimization of metal carbonyl complex (MCC) formation reactions under various reaction conditions. The setup contains a 252Cf-source producing short-lived Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh isotopes at a rate of a few atoms per second by its 3% spontaneous fission decay branch. Those atoms are transformed within FORA in-situ into volatile metal carbonyl complexes (MCCs) by using CO-containing carrier gases. Here, the design, operation and performance of FORA is discussed, revealing it as a suitable setup for performing single-atom chemistry studies. The influence of various gas-additives, such as CO2, CH4, H2, Ar, O2, H2O and ambient air, on the formation and transport of MCCs was investigated. O2, H2O and air were found to harm the formation and transport of MCCs in FORA, with H2O being the most severe. An exception is Tc, for which about 130 ppmv of H2O caused an increased production and transport of volatile compounds. The other gas-additives were not influencing the formation and transport efficiency of MCCs. Using an older setup called Miss Piggy based on a similar working principle as FORA, it was additionally investigated if gas-additives are mostly affecting the formation or only the transport stability of MCCs. It was found that mostly formation is impacted, as MCCs appear to be much less sensitive to reacting with gas-additives in comparison to the bare Mo, Tc, Ru and Rh atoms.

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Theoretical equilibration time is supported by measurement study of residence time at dilution sampling on fine particulate matter emissions from household biofuel burning

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129178 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

pp. 129178

Author(s):

Xinghua Li ◽

Kaiqiang Yang ◽

Zihao Wang ◽

Yan Xie ◽

Philip K. Hopke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particulate Matter ◽

Residence Time ◽

Fine Particulate Matter ◽

Equilibration Time ◽

Measurement Study ◽

Fine Particulate ◽

Particulate Matter Emissions

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Particulate matter variability in Kathmandu based on in-situ measurements, remote sensing, and reanalysis data

Atmospheric Research ◽

10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105623 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105623

Author(s):

Stefan Becker ◽

Ramesh Prasad Sapkota ◽

Binod Pokharel ◽

Loknath Adhikari ◽

Rudra Prasad Pokhrel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Reanalysis Data ◽

In Situ Measurements

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On-Line Monitoring of Airborne Chemistry in Levitated Nanodroplets: In Situ Synthesis and Application of SERS-Active Ag−Sols for Trace Analysis by FT-Raman Spectroscopy

Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.1021/ac026308l ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 2166-2171 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Nicolae Leopold ◽

Michael Haberkorn ◽

Thomas Laurell ◽

Johan Nilsson ◽

Josefa R. Baena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Trace Analysis ◽

In Situ Synthesis ◽

Ft Raman Spectroscopy ◽

On Line ◽

Ft Raman

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Microwave On-Line Measurements on Conveyed Products Application to Paper and Wood Industries

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-347-161 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J.Ch. Bolomey ◽

G. Cottard ◽

P. Berthaud ◽

A. Lemaitre ◽

J. F. Portala

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Transformation Process ◽

Wood Material ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

On Line ◽

Phase Data ◽

Polynomial Expansions ◽

Physical Quantities ◽

Data Calibration

ABSTRACTMicrowave multiport sensors have been shown to provide some unique capabilities to achieve real-time testing of products conveyed at high speed. In many applications, quantitative measurements of physical quantities such as moisture content, density, etc… are required, either to guarantee reliable production or to optimally control a fabrication/transformation process. In this paper, different ways of extracting such physical quantities from microwave measurements performed by multiport sensors are presented. Model approaches are used, based on polynomial expansions of the physical quantities to be measured as a function of the microwave amplitude and phase data. Calibration procedures have been investigated for both paper and wood material samples. Comparisons between in-situ, microwave and conventional, measurements are analysed.

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