scholarly journals The Structure and Optimal Gear Tooth Profile Design of Two-Speed Transmission for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3736
Author(s):  
Jae-Oh Han ◽  
Won-Hyeong Jeong ◽  
Jong-Seok Lee ◽  
Se-Hoon Oh
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement

As environmental regulations have been strengthened worldwide since the Paris Climate Agreement, the automobile industry is shifting its production paradigm to focus on eco-friendly vehicles such as electric vehicles and hydrogen-battery vehicles. Governments are banning fossil fuel vehicles by law and expanding the introduction of green vehicles. The energy efficiency of electric vehicles that use a limited power source called batteries depends on the driving environment. Applying a two-speed transmission to an electric vehicle can optimize average speed and performance efficiency at low speeds, and achieve maximum speed with minimal torque at high speeds. In this study, a two-speed transmission for an electric vehicle has been developed, to be used in a compact electric vehicle. This utilizes a planetary gear of a total of three pairs, made of a single module which was intended to enable two-speed. The ring gear was removed, and the carrier was used in common. When shifting, the energy used for the speed change is small, due to the use of the simple method of fixing the sun gear of each stage. Each gear was designed by calculating bending strength and surface durability, using JGMA standards, to secure stability. The safety factor of the gears used in the transmission is as follows: all gears have been verified for safety with a bending strength of 1.2 or higher and a surface pressure strength of 1.1 or higher. The design validity of the transmission was verified by calculating the gear meshing ratio and the reference efficiency of the gear. The transmission to be developed through the research results of this paper has a simple and compact structure optimized for electric vehicles, and has reduced shift shock. In addition, energy can be used more efficiently, which will help improve fuel economy and increase drive range.

scholarly journals Advancements in Battery Technologies of Electric Vehicle

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
V.K Bupesh Raja ◽  
Ignatius Raja ◽  
Rahul Kavvampally
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Compact Design

Abstract The Automotive Industry has undergone a huge revolution – Electric Vehicles! Electric cars are growing fast and the demand for them is increasing all around the world, thanks to the more and improved choice, reduced prices, and enhancing battery technology. Introduced more than 100 years ago, electric vehicles have gone through a tremendous amount of advancement. This paper reviews the current major challenges faced by the Electric Vehicle Industry along with possible solutions to overcome them. Although electric vehicles have come a long way, the battery used in the vehicles needs to be further explored to harness maximum energy with a compact design. Electric vehicles should soon be able to compete with combustion engine vehicles in every aspect. Also, this paper reviews alternative materials for electrodes and batteries to make charging faster and reliable than ever. This paper envisages few concepts that could revolutionize Automobile Industry further in the future.

Design and Analysis of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle for Indian Conditions

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Nanda Kumar ◽  
Shankar C. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Drive System ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Electric and hybrid vehicles are emerging rapidly in the automotive market as alternatives to the traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) driven vehicles to meet stringent emission standards, environmental and energy concerns. Recently, Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have been introduced in many countries including India. One configuration of a HEV is the Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle (SHEV). The design and analysis of the drive system of a SHEV under Indian conditions is the focus of this paper. In conventional vehicles, the ICE is the power source that drives the vehicle. The energy from the ICE is distributed to the wheels through the transmission, which is then used to generate the traction force at the tyre-road interface. In a HEV, both the engine and the electric motor provide the energy to drive the vehicle. In a SHEV, the energy generated by the electric motor is transmitted through the transmission to meet the torque demand at the wheels. Based on the driver’s acceleration demand and the state of charge of the battery, the controller manages the ICE, the generator and the battery to supply the required energy to the motor. The motor finally develops the required drive torque to generate the traction force at the wheels to meet the vehicle drive performance requirements like gradeability, acceleration and maximum speed. The objective of this paper is to discuss the design of the drive system of a SHEV. This involves the calculation of the power specifications of the electric motor based on the vehicle drive performance requirements. The equations for performing these calculations are presented. The procedure is then demonstrated by considering a typical Indian commercial vehicle along with its typical vehicle parameter values. A simulation study has also been performed by considering the Indian drive cycle to demonstrate the energy savings obtained by the use of a SHEV.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the E-Vehicle Industry and its Path Towards Setting up Dominance in Automobile Industry - A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Anantha Murthy ◽  
Nethravathi P. S.
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Government Legislation

Background/Purpose: The electric vehicle (EV) has gained a lot of attention from researchers in the twenty-first century as a green travel tool, leading to a series of in-depth studies. With the advancement of high-capacity batteries and electric vehicles, the value of electric vehicles will skyrocket, posing new problems to the power grid's safe and stable operation. This article briefly discusses a certain area of electric vehicles, such as government legislation, employability options, market trends, problems, and solutions to connected issues. Objective: The growth of the vehicle industry and its progress toward the government of India's "Make in India" mission for electric vehicles, as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan to set up dominance in the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach: Presentation of information collected from various scholarly articles, web articles, and analysis using the SWOC framework. Findings/Results: Based on the analysis of facts and figures and also by looking at the various scenarios of expansion of the electric vehicle industry in India, it is seen that this industry has seen considerable growth and progress in various avenues such as creating employment opportunities and country's economy. Few recommendations are also suggested to take the concept further. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to the electric vehicle industry, though a total of 25 Industry sectors have been identified under ‘Make in India’. Originality/Value: This paper focuses on the growth of the electric vehicle industry and the factors that helped towards making ‘Make in India’ a reality. It also talks about the support given by Government to achieve the same. Paper Type: A Research Case study paper on the growth and dominance of the electric vehicle Industry and realization of the ‘Make in India’ concept.

Scheme Design and Optimal Selection for HEV Planetary Gear Coupling Mechanism

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Futang Zhu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Chengliang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Matrix Theory ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Optimal Selection ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Topological Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Electric

More and more planetary gear mechanisms are being used in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) as multi-energy coupling mechanisms because of their compact structure, high transmission efficiency and strong load bearing capacity. In order to get all the planetary gear schemes that satisfy the requirements of topological characteristics and select the optimal scheme for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Planetary Gear Coupling Mechanism (HEV-PGCM) as the references for the following analysis and structure design. Firstly, a variety of HEV-PGCM schemes with required topological characteristics are designed by applying the Creative Design Method. Secondly, according to the design requirements of planetary gear transmission and HEV power coupling mechanism, combined with Matrix Theory, the scheme evaluating indicators and method for HEV-PGCM are presented and used for scheme analysis and optimal selection. The results indicate that this method is general for common use and it can provide reference schemes for the following structure parameter design and analysis of HEV-PGCM.

scholarly journals Research and realization of automatic test system for motor controller unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Lingxiao Zhao ◽  
Xiangpeng Zeng ◽  
Huansheng Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automatic Test ◽  
Automatic Test System ◽  
Motor Controller ◽  
Test Verification

The development of electric vehicles has gradually become the mainstream trend of the automobile industry, and the motor controller unit is one of the key parts of the electric vehicle. The reliability and safety of the electric vehicle motor controller unit have attracted extensive attention in the industry in recent years. In order to meet the automotive industry on the motor controller unit reliability test verification. This paper studies and designs an automatic test system of the motor controller unit. And introduces the hardware and software control strategy test system in detail .The test results prove the feasibility and convenience of the test system.

scholarly journals Adoption Intention Model of Electric Vehicle in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Martha Widhi Dela Utami ◽  
Yuniaristanto Yuniaristanto ◽  
Wahyudi Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Adoption Intention

Indonesia’s government was targeting the adoption of 2.1 million units of two-wheeled electric vehicles and 2,200 units of four-wheeled electric vehicles in 2025 through the Republic of Indonesia's Presidential Regulation No. 22 in 2017 about the National Energy General Plan. In 2019, the Government of Indonesia issued Presidential Regulation No. 55 in 2019 concerning the Acceleration of the Battery Electric Vehicle Program for Road Transportation. In 2018, the adoption of two-wheeled electric vehicles only reached 0.14% of the government's target for 2025. Therefore, the adoption of Electric Motorcycle (EM) technology must also consider many factors to be successful. This research develops a non-behavioral electric vehicle adoption intention model. The factors include sociodemographic, financial, technological, and macro-level. The online survey involved 1,223 respondents. Logistic regression is used to obtain the function and probability value of intention to adopt EM in Indonesia. Frequency of sharing on social media, level of environmental awareness, purchase prices, maintenance costs, maximum speed, battery charging time, availability of charging station infrastructure at work, availability of home power based- charging infrastructure, purchase incentive policies, and charging cost discount incentive policies are significantly influencing the intention to adopt electric vehicles. It also shows that the opportunity for Indonesians to adopt electric motorcycles reaches 82.90%. The realization of the adoption of electric motorcycles in Indonesia requires infrastructure readiness and costs that can be accepted by consumers. Lastly, the results of this research provide some suggestions for the government and businesses to accelerate electric motorcycle adoption in Indonesia.

A design methodology for hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configurations with planetary gear sets

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xingyue Jiang ◽  
Jianjun Hu ◽  
Hang Peng ◽  
Zhipeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Matrix Representation ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Representation Method ◽  
Vehicle Powertrain

Abstract Increasingly strict emission and fuel economy standards stimulates the researches on hybrid electric vehicle techniques in automobile industry and one of the most important techniques is the design of powertrain configurations. In this paper, a theoretical design methodology for hybrid electric vehicle powertrain configurations is proposed to find the configurations with excellent performance in a large pool of configurations. There are two main parts in a powertrain configuration, power/coupling devices (engine, electric machine, wheel and planetary gear set) and mechanical connections between these devices. Different connections will lead to the configurations having different performance. This paper divides all connections in configurations into three categories and a novel matrix representation method is developed to express these kinds of connections so as to reflect system dynamics and physical structure of configurations. With the support of the matrix representation method, configuration selections from large pools can automatically be completed by computer and manually calculation and comparison can be avoided, which saves much energy and time. Finally, the proposed method is vigorously verified by simulations.

The Potential Impacts of an Electric Vehicle Manufacturing Complex on the Los Angeles Economy

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Wolff ◽  
D Rigby ◽  
D Gauthier ◽  
M Cenzatti
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Industrial Base ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Labor Skills

In this paper the potential for electric vehicle production and the likely economic impacts of developing an electric vehicle industry in Los Angeles are examined. An historical overview of the automobile industry in Los Angeles suggests that a fully fledged automobile complex was never really developed. Rather, automotive firms have focused on the production of components for a variety of aftermarket and specialized uses. The small size of most auto firms and their custom orientation bodes well for the nascent electric vehicle industry. The region's industrial base, with the diverse range of products and labor skills offered, is well equipped to meet the needs of electric vehicle producers. After specifying a generic electric vehicle technology, input-output analysis is used to examine the employment effects of shifting production from conventional automobile technology to electric vehicles.

Design of One Stage Planetary Gear Train With Improved Conditions of Load Distribution and Reduced Transmission Errors

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Litvin ◽  
D. Vecchiato ◽  
A. Demenego ◽  
E. Karedes ◽  
B. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Rigid Bodies ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Planetary Gear Train ◽  
Planetary Gears ◽  
Transmission Errors ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

The authors propose an approach for the design of one-stage planetary gear train with reduced transmission errors, localized bearing contact and improved conditions of distribution of load between the planetary gears. The planetary gear train is considered as a multi-body mechanical system of rigid bodies. The proposed approach is based: (i) on modification of geometry of gear tooth surfaces, and (ii) minimization and equalization of the backlash between the contacting gear tooth surfaces. The modification of geometry is accomplished: (i) by double-crowning of planetary gears, and (ii) by application of screw involute surfaces of the same direction of screws for the sun and the ring gears. The proposed geometry enables: (i) predesign of parabolic function of transmission errors for reduction of noise and vibration, and (ii) a simple method of regulation and equalization of the backlash between the gear tooth.

EV – Challenges In Going Electric

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umanand L
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Hybrid Electric

This article presents a frank and open opinion on the challenges that will be faced in moving towards an electric mass transport ecosystem. World over there is considerable research activity on electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. There seems to be a global effort to move from an ICE driven ecosystem to electric vehicle ecosystem. There is no simple means to make this transition. This road is filled with hurdles and challenges. This paper poses and discusses these challenges and possible solutions for enabling EVs.

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