An Investigation of Thermoelectric Generators Used as Energy Harvesters in a Water Consumption Meter Application

In this study, we present the results of measuring the performance of selected Peltier cells such as thermoelectric Peltier cooler modules (TEC), thermoelectric micro-Peltier cooler modules (TES), and thermoelectric Seebeck generator modules (TEG). The achieved results are presented in the form of graphs of powering system output voltage or power efficiency functions of the load impedance. Moreover, a technical solution is also presented that consists of designing a water consumption power supply system, using a renewable energy source in the form of a Peltier cell. The developed measuring system does not require additional batteries or an external power source. The energy needed to power the system was obtained from the temperature difference between two sides of a thermoelectric cell, caused by the measured medium which was flowing in a copper water pipe. All achieved results were investigated for the temperature difference from 1 to 10 K in relation to the ambient temperature.

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MODELING THE EFFECT OF HEAT EXCHANGE ON THE EFFICIENCY OF A THERMOELECTRIC COOLER

Fundamental and Applied Problems of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.33979/2073-7408-2020-340-2-132-135 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 132-135

Author(s):

O.I. MARKOV

Keyword(s):

Numerical Calculation ◽

Heat Exchange ◽

Solid State ◽

Numerical Modelling ◽

Temperature Difference ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Thermoelectric Cooler ◽

Maximum Temperature Difference ◽

Peltier Cooler ◽

Account Heat

Numerical modelling thermal and thermoelectric processes in a branch of solid–state thermoelectric of Peltier cooler is performed, taking into account heat exchange by convection and radiation. The numerical calculation of the branch was carried out in the mode of the maximum temperature difference.

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Low-cost wireless power efficiency optimization of the NFC tag through switchable receiver antenna

Wireless Power Transfer ◽

10.1017/wpt.2018.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 87-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Zhao ◽

Huaye Li ◽

Saman Naderiparizi ◽

Aaron Parks ◽

Joshua R. Smith

Keyword(s):

Power Efficiency ◽

Low Cost ◽

Near Field ◽

Power Delivery ◽

Wireless Power ◽

Load Impedance ◽

Communication Performance ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Varied Range ◽

Range Alignment

Near-field communication (NFC) readers, ubiquitously embedded in smartphones and other infrastructures can wirelessly deliver mW-level power to NFC tags. Our previous work NFC-wireless identification and sensing platform (WISP) proves that the generated NFC signal from an NFC enabled phone can power a tag (NFC-WISP) with display and sensing capabilities in addition to identification. However, accurately aligning and placing the NFC tag's antenna to ensure the high power delivery efficiency and communication performance is very challenging for the users. In addition, the performance of the NFC tag is not only range and alignment sensitive but also is a function of its run-time load impedance. This makes the execution of power-hungry tasks on an NFC tag (like the NFC-WISP) very challenging. Therefore, we explore a low-cost tag antenna design to achieve higher power delivered to the load (PDL) by utilizing two different antenna configurations (2-coil/3-coil). The two types of antenna configurations can be used to dynamically adapt to the requirements of varied range, alignment and load impedance in real-time, therefore, we achieve continuous high PDL and reliable communication. With the proposed method, we can, for example, turn a semi-passive NFC-WISP into a passive display tag in which an embedded 2.7″ E-ink screen can be updated robustly by a tapped NFC reader (e.g. an NFC-enable cell-phone) over a 3 seconds and within 1.5cm range.

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Effect of mechanical fastener induced pre-stress on power efficiency of soft PZT energy harvesters

Ferroelectrics ◽

10.1080/00150193.2019.1691390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 555 (1) ◽

pp. 124-131

Author(s):

George Nall ◽

Bryan Gamboa ◽

Maximilian Estrada ◽

Ruyan Guo ◽

Amar S. Bhalla

Keyword(s):

Power Efficiency ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Mechanical Fastener

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Canopy-air temperature difference of winter wheat near-isogenic lines and its relationship with total water consumption by winter wheat grown under water deficit conditions

Acta Ecologica Sinica ◽

10.5846/stxb201712212292 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

Author(s):

梅旭荣 MEI Xurong ◽

黄桂荣 HUANG Guirong ◽

严昌荣 YAN Changrong ◽

刘晓英 LIU Xiaoying ◽

张欣莹 ZHANG Xinying ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Difference ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Near Isogenic Lines ◽

Total Water ◽

Isogenic Lines ◽

Total Water Consumption

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VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNIQUE: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Engineering Heritage Journal ◽

10.26480/gwk.02.2020.46.48 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 46-48

Author(s):

Nik Fakhri Nek Daud ◽

Ruzlaini Ghoni

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Power Output ◽

Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽

Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Output Performance ◽

Harvesting Technique ◽

External Power Source ◽

External Power ◽

Future Requirement

In order to minimize the requirement of external power source and maintenance for electric devices such as wireless sensor networks, the energy harvesting technique based on vibrations has been a dynamic field of studying interest over past years. Researchers have concentrated on developing efficient energy harvesters by adopting new materials and optimizing the harvesting devices. One important limitation of existing energy harvesting techniques is that the power output performance is seriously subject to the resonant frequencies of ambient vibrations, which are often random and broadband. This paper reviews important vibration-to-electricity conversion mechanisms, including theory, modelling methods and the realizations of the piezoelectric, electromagnetic and electrostatic approaches. Different types of energy harvesters that have been designed with nonlinear characteristics are also reviewed. As one of important factors to estimate the power output performance, the energy conversion efficiency of different conversion mechanisms is also summarized. Finally, the challenging issues based on the existing methods and future requirement of energy harvesting are also discussed.

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Performance Enhancement of a Multiresonant Piezoelectric Energy Harvester for Low Frequency Vibrations

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12142770 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 2770 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Iman Izadgoshasb ◽

Yee Lim ◽

Ricardo Vasquez Padilla ◽

Mohammadreza Sedighi ◽

Jeremy Novak

Keyword(s):

Cantilever Beam ◽

Performance Enhancement ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Design Parameters ◽

Vibration Source ◽

Element Analysis ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Piezoelectric Energy ◽

Low Frequency Vibration ◽

External Power Source

Harvesting electricity from low frequency vibration sources such as human motions using piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) is attracting the attention of many researchers in recent years. The energy harvested can potentially power portable electronic devices as well as some medical devices without the need of an external power source. For this purpose, the piezoelectric patch is often mechanically attached to a cantilever beam, such that the resonance frequency is predominantly governed by the cantilever beam. To increase the power generated from vibration sources with varying frequency, a multiresonant PEH (MRPEH) is often used. In this study, an attempt is made to enhance the performance of MRPEH with the use of a cantilever beam of optimised shape, i.e., a cantilever beam with two triangular branches. The performance is further enhanced through optimising the design of the proposed MRPEH to suit the frequency range of the targeted vibration source. A series of parametric studies were first carried out using finite-element analysis to provide in-depth understanding of the effect of each design parameters on the power output at a low frequency vibration. Selected outcomes were then experimentally verified. An optimised design was finally proposed. The results demonstrate that, with the use of a properly designed MRPEH, broadband energy harvesting is achievable and the efficiency of the PEH system can be significantly increased.

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Real-time load impedance optimization for radar spectral mask compliance and power efficiency

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems ◽

10.1109/taes.2014.130825 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 591-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Matthew Fellows ◽

Charles Baylis ◽

Lawrence Cohen ◽

Robert J. Marks Ii

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Power Efficiency ◽

Load Impedance

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Sensors connection for yield determination on round balers with variable chamber

Research in Agricultural Engineering ◽

10.17221/24/2010-rae ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Kroulík ◽

J. Mašek ◽

Z. Kvíz ◽

B. Jošt ◽

V. Prošek

Keyword(s):

Strong Dependence ◽

Spatial Relationship ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Measuring System ◽

Technical Solution ◽

Data Sets ◽

Trial Field ◽

Instantaneous Position ◽

Yield Determination ◽

Relationship Of

The main aim of this article is to present a technical solution for straw and forage yield mapping when using round balers with variable chamber for harvest. The yield measurement is based on monitoring of instantaneous position of a tension roller mechanism for press chamber circular belt. Wheat straw was harvested – baled, during our trial measurements. The acreage of the trial field was 12 ha. Calibration of the measuring system showed a strong dependence of the tension roller position on the amount of pressed straw (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.99). Geostatistical evaluation confirms a spatial relationship of measured data sets with a moderate spatial dependence. Finally, yield map of straw was created

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Modeling, Analysis and Experimental Validation of an Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting Unit

Volume 2: Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Integrated System Design and Implementation; Bio-Inspired Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting ◽

10.1115/smasis2012-8007 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yan Chen ◽

Armaghan Salehian

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Power Efficiency ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Electromagnetic Energy ◽

Vibration Energy Harvesting ◽

Energy Harvesters ◽

Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting ◽

Power Outputs ◽

Experimental Values ◽

Energy Harvesting Devices

Vibration energy harvesting devices have been widely used to power many electronic self-sustainable devices. Most traditional linear energy harvesters exploit the phenomenon of resonance to produce electric power. Nonlinear energy harvesters however present more interesting alternatives and have demonstrated capabilities to harvest power over a wider range of frequencies due to characteristics such as bifurcation. The aim of this study is to introduce an alternative design to nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvesting devices to improve the power production of the unit. The configuration presented in the current work has more degrees of freedom compared to some previously designed devices, and has demonstrated higher power efficiency over a wider range of frequencies. The power outputs for both previous and current designs are compared and validated against their experimental values. Finally, the validated numerical model is used to find the optimal design to produce the maximum power.

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