scholarly journals Acquiring the Foremost Window Allocation Strategy to Achieve the Best Trade-Off Among Energy, Environmental, and Comfort Criteria in a Building

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3962
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Farzaneh Mousavi Motlagh ◽  
Ali Sohani ◽  
Mohammad Djavad Saghafi ◽  
Hoseyn Sayyaadi ◽  
Benedetto Nastasi
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The North ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Building Facades ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
Comfort Criteria

The purpose of this investigation is to propose a way for acquiring the foremost window allocation scheme to have the best trade-off among energy, environmental, and comfort criteria in a building. An advanced decision-making tool, named the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), is utilized to find the best building amongst different alternatives for having windows on the building façades. Three conditions, namely two parallel, two perpendicular, and three façades, considered as A, B, and C types, respectively, are investigated. For each type, four possible orientations are studied. Heating, cooling, and lighting energy demands in addition to carbon dioxide equivalent emission and thermal and visual comfort are taken into account as the investigated criteria, and they are all evaluated in a simulation environment. The results show that for the modular residential buildings chosen as the case study and located in Tehran, Iran, having windows on the north and east façades is the best scheme. This alternative, which belongs to the B type, has about 40% and 37% lower heating and cooling energy demands than the C type’s foremost alternative. It is also able to provide about 10% better CO2 equivalent emission and 28% higher thermal comfort.

ANALYSES ON OCCUPANT PATTERNS AND ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS INCLUDING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Manav ◽  
E. Kaymaz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lighting Design ◽  
Occupancy Patterns ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Mental Well Being

In the last years, as a result of environmental concerns, changes in lifestyle during the COVID-19 crisis, the role of healthy buildings in addition to the main lighting design principles are highlighted. Therefore, today’s lighting design issues include social well-being, mental well-being, and physical well-being more than we discussed in the last century. Hence, we are familiar with occupant-centric and performance-based metrics for residential and non-domestic buildings. The study analyses the extended occupancy patterns, daylight availability, and annual lighting energy demand through a case study in Bursa, Turkey including the COVID-19 pandemic scenario.

ENHANCING THE DAYLIGHT AND ENERGY PERFORMANCE OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES IN HIGH-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN DENSE URBAN TROPICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Nadeeka Jayaweera ◽  
Upendra Rajapaksha ◽  
Inoka Manthilake
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Building Model ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Shading Devices

ABSTRACT This study examines the daylight and energy performance of 27 external shading scenarios in a high-rise residential building in the urban tropics. The cooling energy, daytime lighting energy and the spatial daylight autonomy (sDA) of the building model were simulated in Rhino3D and Grasshopper simulation software. The best performance scenario (vertical and horizontal shading on the twentieth floor, horizontal shading only for the eleventh floor and no shading for the second floor) satisfied 75 sDA(300lx|50) with corresponding annual enery performance of 16%–20% in the cardinal directions. The baseline scenario, which is the current practice of providing balconies on all floors, reduced daylight to less than 75 sDA on the eleventh and second floor, even though it had higher annual enery performance (19%–24%) than the best performance scenario. Application of the design principles to a case study indicated that 58% of the spaces had over 75 sDA for both Baseline and Best performance scenarios, while an increase in enery performance of 1%–3% was found in the Best performance scenario compared to the Baseline.

scholarly journals Multi-Function Tradeoffs of Land System in Urbanized Areas—A Case Study of Xi’an, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Shao ◽  
Fei Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Qinling Mountains ◽  
The South ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Land System ◽  
The North ◽  
Trade Offs

Multi-functional trade-offs and synergy research on land systems are hotspots in geography and land science research, and are of great significance for achieving sustainable development of land use and the effective allocation of land resources. Recently, the development of the western region and The Belt and Road Initiative have become key topics, bringing opportunities and challenges to Xi’an. The rapid development of cities is accompanied by drastic changes in land use, and the ecological problems in the Qinling Mountains are becoming increasingly severe. This study took Xi’an as a case study and quantitatively evaluated the spatial-temporal patterns and trade-offs of land system functions such as economic development (ED), grain production (GP), ecological service (ES), etc. on the scale of 1 km × 1 km by fusing the data on land use, topography, soil, climate, and social economy. The results showed that the ED function of the land system continued to rise between 1980 and 2015, the GP function first declined and then increased; however, the ES function continued to decline. The ED, GP and ES functions respectively present a spatial pattern of high-value agglomeration, high in the north and low in the south, and high in the south and low in the north. In general, the three land system functions were trade-offs between each other. In terms of spatial pattern, ED and ES functions showed trade-offs in the south and a synergy distribution in the north; ESs and GP function trade-off zone significantly larger than the synergy zone, the trade-off between the two was significant; while the trade-off and the synergy zone for GP and ED was relatively small, the trade-off zone was the main one. The significant trade-off between GP and ES functions of the land system is a serious problem in land use in Xi’an. Under the premise of limited arable land, it is the current feasible strategy to promote the high-quality development of agriculture to increase the cultivation rate and efficiency, and to strengthen the ecological protection of arable land. In addition, the continued decline of ES functions is also worthy of attention. It is necessary to focus on increasing the greening rate of the city and strengthening the ecological management of the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains.

scholarly journals Impact of Shape Factor on Energy Demand, CO2 Emissions and Energy Cost of Residential Buildings in Cold Oceanic Climates: Case Study of South Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9491
Author(s):  
Manuel Carpio ◽  
David Carrasco
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Shape Factor ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Transmittance ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
The Impact

The increase in energy consumption that occurs in the residential sector implies a higher consumption of natural resources and, therefore, an increase in pollution and a degradation of the ecosystem. An optimal use of materials in the thermal envelope, together with efficient measures in the passive architectural design process, translate into lower energy demands in residential buildings. The objective of this study is to analyse and compare, through simulating different models, the impact of the shape factor on energy demand and CO2 emissions depending on the type of construction solution used in the envelope in a cold oceanic climate in South Chile. Five models with different geometries were considered based on their relationship between exposed surface and volume. Additionally, three construction solutions were chosen so that their thermal transmittance gradually complied with the values required by thermal regulations according to the climatic zone considered. Other parameters were equally established for all simulations so that their comparison was objective. Ninety case studies were obtained. Research has shown that an appropriate design, considering a shape factor suitable below 0.767 for the type of cold oceanic climate, implies a decrease in energy demand, which increased when considering architectural designs in the envelope with high values of thermal resistance.

scholarly journals The concept and implementation of an energy retaining wall of large diameter piles

2020 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 06007
Author(s):  
Octavian Bujor ◽  
Iulia Prodan ◽  
Augustin Popa ◽  
Horia Ban
Keyword(s):  
Slope Failure ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Retaining Wall ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Piles ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
Implementation Stages

Performance and success of energy geostructures systems are already facts proven by research and practice. The number of implementations is in constant grow and due to their advantages, such systems have started to be implemented in a variety of structural elements. Among the various types, energy piles are the most common type of energy geostructures. However, most of the existing research, experimental sites and case studies refer to energy piles as a foundation element. This paper presents the concept and implementation steps of a different type of energy piles system which is a retaining wall of piles built in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The paper is based on a real project case study, where large diameter piles are used as retaining wall for an urban excavation on a steep slope with high slope failure potential. The piles from the retaining system have been energy equipped in order to be used as an energy exchange element with the ground for heating and cooling demand of 3 new residential buildings from the same site. The paper will present the concept of an urban energy retaining wall and implementation stages of the project.

scholarly journals A Numerical Pinch Analysis Methodology for Optimal Sizing of a Centralized Trigeneration System with Variable Energy Demands

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairulnadzmi Jamaluddin ◽  
Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi ◽  
Khaidzir Hamzah ◽  
Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Pinch Analysis ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands

The energy and power sectors are critical sectors, especially as energy demands rise every year. Increasing energy demand will lead to an increase in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Improving the thermal efficiency of conventional power systems is one way to reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions. The previous study has developed a new methodology called Trigeneration System Cascade Analysis (TriGenSCA) to optimise the sizing of power, heating, and cooling in a trigeneration system for a Total Site system. However, the method only considered a single period on heating and cooling demands. In industrial applications, there are also batches, apart from continuous plants. The multi-period is added in the analysis to meet the time constraints in batch plants. This paper proposes the development of an optimal trigeneration system based on the Pinch Analysis (PA) methodology by minimizing cooling, heating, and power requirements, taking into account energy variations in the total site energy system. The procedure involves seven steps, which include data extraction, identification of time slices, Problem Table Algorithm, Multiple Utility Problem Table Algorithm, Total Site Problem Table Algorithm, TriGenSCA, and Trigeneration Storage Cascade Table (TriGenSCT). An illustrative case study is constructed by considering the trigeneration Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Plant (PWR NPP) and four industrial plants in a Total Site system. Based on the case study, the base fuel of the trigeneration PWR NPP requires 14 t of Uranium-235 to an average demand load of 93 GWh/d. The results of trigeneration PWR NPP with and without the integration of the Total Site system is compared and proven that trigeneration PWR NPP with integration is a suitable technology that can save up to 0.2% of the equivalent annual cost and 1.4% of energy compared to trigeneration PWR NPP without integration.

A Comparative Study of the Building Energy Performance of Thermotropic Windows

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Jian Yao ◽  
Rong-Yue Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Energy Saving Potential ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Solar Shading ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Shading Devices

This paper conducted a study on the energy-saving potential of a developed thermotropic window. Office buildings in different climate regions of China were compared in terms of heating, cooling and lighting energy demands. Results show that annual heating and cooling energy demands for office buildings differ largely, while lighting energy demand at different climates keeps a significant percentage of the total energy demand, ranging from 36.1% to 66.3%. Meanwhile, thermotropic windows achieve a great advantage in improving daylighting performance and in reducing the overall energy demand, by reducing the overall energy demand by 2.27%-8.7% and 10.1%-21.72%, respectively, compared to movable shading devices and Low-E windows. This means that this kind of thermotropic windows have a great potential in applications in different climatic regions and can be considered as a good substitute of solar shading devices and Low-E windows.

A Case Study of Energy Saving by CCHP Technology in a Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a CCHP system. The CCHP idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy was used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CCHP. The typical patterns for driving units of CCHP were decided by the hourly energy demands in several seasons throughout the year. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CCHP system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CCHP system predicted a large potential for energy savings and CO2 reduction.

Energy-efficient retrofitting of multi-storey residential buildings

Facilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C.P. Sing ◽  
Venus W.C. Chan ◽  
Joseph H.K. Lai ◽  
Jane Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Research Findings

Purpose Sustainable retrofitting of aged buildings plays a significant role in reducing energy demands and greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to assess the performance and effectiveness of energy retrofit measures (ERMs) for an archetype of aged multi-storey residential buildings. Design/methodology/approach The methodology consists of three parts, namely, a desktop study including the selection of a case-study building and identification of ERM options for the building; development of a computer model to simulate the building’s energy use in the baseline scenario and different scenarios of ERMs; and evaluation of the ERMs based on energy-saving rate. Findings Among the 13 ERMs tested, lighting-related ERMs were found to be optimal measures while window fin is the least suitable option in terms of energy saving. Based on the research findings, a two-level retrofitting framework was developed for aged multi-storey buildings. Research limitations/implications Future studies may take a similar approach of this study to develop retrofitting frameworks for other types of buildings, and further research paper can be extended to study retrofitting for buildings in a district or a region. Practical implications The findings of this study can serve as a reference for building owners to select effective ERMs for aged multi-storey buildings, which invariably exist in developed cities. Originality/value This study presents a pioneering work where an energy model and a building archetype were used to analyze the energy savings of a variety of ERMs that are applicable to aged multi-storey buildings.

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