scholarly journals Limestone Sorbents Market for Flue Gas Desulphurisation in Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Context of the Transformation of the Power Industry—A Case of Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4275
Author(s):  
Jarosław Szlugaj ◽  
Krzysztof Galos
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
So2 Capture ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Fluidized Bed Boilers

Since the beginning of the 1990s, due to international regulations on air quality, a large number of flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) installations have been constructed in the Polish coal-fired power industry. Thanks to that, SO2 capture in this industry increased to ca. 90%. Since wet lime or fluidized bed boilers were mostly used for FGD purposes, a significant increase in the domestic demand for lime sorbents has been reported. Between 1994 and 2019, it has increased from virtually zero before 1994 to about 3.3–3.4 million tpy (tonnes per year) today. On the basis of official governmental data and completed surveys of the Polish power companies, the paper analyses the process of the implementation of FGD in Poland along with limestone sorbents consumption and FGD gypsum production in the Polish coal-fired power plants. It also presents the current and potential limestone resource base for production of limestone sorbents applied in FGD. Electric energy mix in Poland is expected to be changed radically in the coming 30 years. Share of coal-based electricity is still very high—ca. 80%—and it will remain dominant for at least next decade. With the next coming FGD installations, further moderate increase of limestone sorbents consumption is expected, up to 3.7 million tpy in 2030. After 2030, a significant, quick decrease of share of coal-fired electricity is expected in Poland, down to max. 30% just before 2050. This will result in a gradual decrease in limestone sorbent demand, to max. 1.3 million tpy before 2050 and virtually zero after 2050, which will be followed by collapse of FGD gypsum production.

Flue Gas Denitrification Programming Model for Coal-Fired Generating Units Based on Total Emission Control Policies of NOx in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Li ◽  
Chao Ci Li ◽  
Jing Ya Wen
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Total Emission ◽  
Generation Expansion ◽  
Flue Gas Denitrification

Because of the large-scale emission of nitrous oxides (NOx) in recent years, acid rain is still one of the major air pollution problems in China, although SO2 has been well controlled. And then, the goals for the total emission control of NOx begin to move forward in the 12th five-year plan, which requires a 10% cut in national NOx emissions by 2015, relative to the 2010 level, and NOx emission reduction of coal-fired power plants are still put in a strategic position. Accordingly, it’s of great significance to carry out flue gas denitrification work around the power industry with purposes and plans. In this study, a mixed 0-1 integer nonlinear flue gas denitrification programming model for power system is developed for the first time, which can be used for planning the initial time put into operation of SCR facilities in a region and optimize the allocation of NOx emission reduction balance, which is significant for generation expansion planning. The model is applied to the power system in Heilongjiang province and the results indicate that the proposed model not only can meet the requirement of flue gas denitrification management, but also can help the coal-fired power plants clear the economic impact of NOx emission reduction on self-development. This study can provide reference for the decision support of NOx emission reduction and generation expansion in power industry.

scholarly journals Fuel consumption of thermal power technologies under maneuvering modes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
V.S. Kobernik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Fluidized Bed Boilers

A characteristic feature of the present day development of power engineering lies in the increase in the unevenness of power systems schedules. The structure of generating powers of Ukrainian energy engineering is overloaded with basic powers and characterized by a sharp deficit of maneuvering wanes. To cover the uneven load of the power system during the operation of existing and construction of new power plants, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of their operation under maneuvering modes. This paper determines the influence of work of power plants i under maneuvering modes on the specific consumption of conditional fuel on the released electric energy at working on gas or coal fuel. Fuel consumption for starting of a unit depends on its type and downtime in reserve. The use of steam–and–gas facilities and gas turbines helps to enhance the maneuverability of power plants. Alternative options for the development of thermal energy are the introduction of gas–piston power plants and power units with fluidized–bed boilers. We present formulas for the calculations of fuel consumption on by power units for start–ups and specific consumptions depending on the load and degree of their involvement to regulating loads for different thermal energy technologies: steam–turbine condensation and district heating power units; steam–and–gas and gas turbine plants; gas piston installations; power units with fluidized bed boilers. For enhancing the maneuverability of power plants, working on fossil fuels, their modernization and renewal of software are necessary. Quantitative assessment of the efficiency of power units and separate power plants during their operation under variable modes is important for forecasting the structure of generating capacities of power systems, the need to introduce peak and semi–peak capacities, the choice of the most profitable composition of operating equipment at different schedules of electrical loads Keywords: thermal power, power unit, maneuverable mode, electrical load, specific fuel consumption

The development of a genetic method to optimize the flue gas desulfurization process

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (jai2021.26(1)) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Fedorchenko I ◽  
◽  
Oliinyk A ◽  
Stepanenko A ◽  
Fedoronchak T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Adaptive Mutation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Desulfurization Process ◽  
Using Data

Sulfur dioxide is one of the most commonly found gases, which contaminates the air, damages human health and the environment. To decrease the damage, it is important to control the emissions on power stations, as the major part of sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is produced during electric energy generation on power plants. The present work describes flue gas desulfurization process optimizing strategy using data mining. The optimisation modified genetic method of flue gas desulfurization process based on artificial neural network was developed. It affords to represent the time series characteristics and factual efficiency influence on desulfurization and increase its precision of prediction. The vital difference between this developed genetic method and other similar methods is in using adaptive mutation, that uses the level of population development in working process. It means that less important genes will mutate in chromosome more probable than high suitability genes. It increases accuracy and their role in searching. The comparison exercise of developed method and other methods was done with the result that new method gives the smallest predictive error (in the amount of released SO2) and helps to decrease the time in prediction of efficiency of flue gas desulfurization. The results afford to use this method to increase efficiency in flue gas desulfurization process and to decrease SO2 emissions into the atmosphere

Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment for Coal-Fired Power Industry

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behrang Pakzadeh ◽  
Jay Wos ◽  
Jay Renew
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Liquid Discharge ◽  
Plant Operations

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)’s announcement that it will revise the effluent limitation guidelines for steam electric power generating units could affect not only how power plants use water, but also how they discharge it. The revised guidelines may lower discharge limits for various contaminants in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater including mercury, selenium, arsenic, and nitrate/nitrite. Although the specific details of the guidelines are unknown at present, the power industry is evaluating various technologies that may address the new effluent limitation guidelines and promote water conservation. Moreover, the power industry is looking for avenues to increase water usage efficiency, reuse and recycle throughout its plant processes. Final rule approval is expected by the middle of 2014 and new regulations are expected to be implemented between 2017 and 2022 through 5-year NPDES permit cycles. discharge limits for various contaminants including arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrate/nitrite [1]. These pollutant limits may be below the levels achievable today with conventional treatment [2]. A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement [1]. Thermal ZLD systems have been the subject of increased interest and discussion lately. They employ evaporating processes such as ponds, evaporators and crystallizers, or spray dryers to produce a reusable water stream and a solid residue (i.e. waste). Evaporators and crystallizers have been employed in the power industry for a number of years. However, typical A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement. A key disadvantage of thermal ZLD is its high capital cost. One way to reduce this cost is to pre-treat the liquid stream using innovative membrane technologies and reverse osmosis (RO).

Effect of Flue Gas Pollution Control Devices on Mercury Emission from Coal-Fired Power Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2160-2164
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Shi ◽  
Shuang Deng ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Qing Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
Control Devices ◽  
Air Pollution Control Devices ◽  
Stack Gas

Coal-fired power plant is one of the largest sources of mercury emitted into the atmosphere artificially. In the paper, more intensive investigations were performed in 27 power plants for observing distribution of mercury at all the effluents. Mass balance of mercury was figured out from the emission data and analysis results of mercury at all the in- and out-streams. The results show that, concentrations of mercury emitted from stack gas equipped with air pollution control devices (APCDs) range between 0.6734 and 14.4312μg/m3 with coal mercury content lower than 0.20mg/kg. FGD gypsum mercury is about 2~10 times as that of in coal. The average mercury removal efficiency by ESP is only about 29.36% while ESP +wFGD and dry-FGD+FF about 68.72% and 81.51% separately. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the existing APCDs, wash and mix coal to Hg co-removal for coal-fired power plants.

scholarly journals Locational Aspects of Industrial Ecology and Experiences of Practitioners from a Hungarian Industrial Park

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-556
Author(s):  
Noémi Csigéné Nagypál
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fossil Fuel Power Plants

The present article aims to contribute to understanding the relationship between the concepts of industrial ecology and circular economy in order to foster circular economy attempts. While research mostly focuses on various forms of industrial ecology or innovative technologies, it is also reasonable to analyse some mature industrial ecology practices, which can be used as quasi-models for circular economy. The technology selected for this study is flue gas desulphurisation in fossil fuel power plants and the utilization of gypsum produced in this process as a by-product by construction sector companies. In the first part of our article we briefly present the concept of industrial ecology and discuss its applicability as a potential model for circular economy as well as its locational aspects. Afterwards based on a literature review and stakeholder interviews a Hungarian power plant and industrial park is presented as a case study. The relevance of criteria of ecoinnovation parks are presented for the selected industrial park as well as the experience of industrial ecology by participating companies. Finally some general conclusions, based on the literature and the case study, are also discussed.  Keywords: industrial ecology, locational aspects, industrial park, FGD gypsum

scholarly journals Use of Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum, Construction and Demolition Waste, and Oil Palm Waste Trunks to Produce Concrete Bricks

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalitsuda Phutthimethakul ◽  
Park Kumpueng ◽  
Nuta Supakata
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
Concrete Production

This research aims to study the utilization of waste from power plants, construction and demolition, and agriculture by varying the ratios of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum, construction and demolition waste (CDW), and oil palm trunks (OPT) in concrete production. This research used these as the raw materials for the production of concrete bricks of 15 × 15 × 15 cm. There were 12 ratios of concrete brick, fixing 5.5 wt% of FGD gypsum to replace Portland cement and substituting coarse sand with 0 wt%, 25 wt%, 50 wt%, or 75 wt% of CDW, and gravel with 0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, and 1 wt% of OPT. The initial binder:fine aggregate:coarse aggregate ratio was 1:2:4 and the water to cement ratio was 0.5, curing in water at room temperature for 28 days. Then, all concrete brick specimens were tested for compressive strength and water absorption. From the experiment, it was found that the highest compressive strength of concrete brick specimens was 45.18 MPa, which was produced from 5.5% gypsum without CDW and OPT, while 26.84 MPa was the lowest compressive strength obtained from concrete bricks produced from 5.5% FGD gypsum, 75% CDW, and 1% OPT. In terms of usage, all proportions can be applied in construction and building work because the compressive strength and water absorption were compliant with the Thai Industrial Standard TIS 57-2530 and TIS 60-2516.

Thermal/electric energy generation and CO2 production for greenhouse facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
O. E. Gnezdova ◽  
E. S. Chugunkova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Electricity Rates ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
Generation Power

Introduction: greenhouses need microclimate control systems to grow agricultural crops. The method of carbon dioxide injection, which is currently used by agricultural companies, causes particular problems. Co-generation power plants may boost the greenhouse efficiency, as they are capable of producing electric energy, heat and cold, as well as carbon dioxide designated for greenhouse plants.Methods: the co-authors provide their estimates of the future gas/electricity rates growth in the short term; they have made a breakdown of the costs of greenhouse products, and they have also compiled the diagrams describing electricity consumption in case of traditional and non-traditional patterns of power supply; they also provide a power distribution pattern typical for greenhouse businesses, as well as the structure and the principle of operation of a co-generation unit used by a greenhouse facility.Results and discussion: the co-authors highlight the strengths of co-generation units used by greenhouse facilities. They have also identified the biological features of carbon dioxide generation and consumption, and they have listed the consequences of using carbon dioxide to enrich vegetable crops.Conclusion: the co-authors have formulated the expediency of using co-generation power plants as part of power generation facilities that serve greenhouses.

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

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