scholarly journals Dynamic Cost-Optimal Assessment of Complementary Diurnal Electricity Storage Capacity in High PV Penetration Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4496
Author(s):  
Samuel Matthew G. Dumlao ◽  
Keiichi N. Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Optimal Trajectory ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Growth Trajectory ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pv Penetration ◽  
The Impact

Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is seen as one of the renewable energy technologies that could help reduce the world’s dependence on fossil fuels. However, since it is dependent on the sun, it can only generate electricity in the daytime, and this restriction is exacerbated in electricity grids with high PV penetration, where solar energy must be curtailed due to the mismatch between supply and demand. This study conducts a techno-economic analysis to present the cost-optimal storage growth trajectory that could support the dynamic integration of solar PV within a planning horizon. A methodology for cost-optimal assessment that incorporates hourly simulation, Monte Carlo random sampling, and a proposed financial assessment is presented. This approach was tested in Japan’s southernmost region since it is continuously increasing its solar capacity and is at the precipice of high PV curtailment scenario. The results show the existence of a cost-optimal storage capacity growth trajectory that balances the cost penalty from curtailment and the additional investment cost from storage. This optimal trajectory reduces the impact of curtailment on the energy generation cost to manageable levels and utilizes more solar energy potential that further reduces CO2 emissions. The results also show that the solar capacity growth rate and storage cost significantly impact the optimal trajectory. The incorporation of the Monte Carlo method significantly reduced the computational requirement of the analysis enabling the exploration of several growth trajectories, and the proposed financial assessment enabled the time-bound optimization of these trajectories. The approach could be used to calculate the optimal growth trajectories in other nations or regions, provided that historical hourly temperature, irradiance, and demand data are available.

scholarly journals The impact of digital contact tracing on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic - a comprehensive modelling study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina R Pollmann ◽  
Julia Pollmann ◽  
Christoph Wiesinger ◽  
Christian Haack ◽  
Lolian Shtembari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Testing Protocols

Contact tracing is one of several strategies employed in many countries to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Digital contact tracing (DCT) uses tools such as cell-phone applications to improve tracing speed and reach. We model the impact of DCT on the spread of the virus for a large epidemiological parameter space consistent with current literature on SARS-CoV-2. We also model DCT in combination with random testing (RT) and social distancing (SD). Modelling is done with two independently developed individual-based (stochastic) models that use the Monte Carlo technique, benchmarked against each other and against two types of deterministic models. For current best estimates of the number of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers (approximately 40\%), their contagiousness (similar to that of symptomatic carriers), the reproductive number before interventions (R0 at least 3) we find that DCT must be combined with other interventions such as SD and/or RT to push the reproductive number below one. At least 60\% of the population would have to use the DCT system for its effect to become significant. On its own, DCT cannot bring the reproductive number below 1 unless nearly the entire population uses the DCT system and follows quarantining and testing protocols strictly. For lower uptake of the DCT system, DCT still reduces the number of people that become infected. When DCT is deployed in a population with an ongoing outbreak where O(0.1\%) of the population have already been infected, the gains of the DCT intervention come at the cost of requiring up to 15% of the population to be quarantined (in response to being traced) on average each day for the duration of the epidemic, even when there is sufficient testing capability to test every traced person.

scholarly journals Impact of Imperfect Quality Items on Inventory Management for Two Warehouses with Shortages

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 869-885
Author(s):  
Aastha . ◽  
Sarla Pareek ◽  
Leopoldo Eduardo Cárdenas-Barrón ◽  
Mandeep Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Defective Items ◽  
Imperfect Quality ◽  
Inspection Process ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Generally, the majority of the inventory models work on the concept that overall units produced must be perfect in terms of quality and that the storage capacity of the warehouse is unlimited. In fact, under realistic conditions, it is not possible to manufacture products with complete perfection. Furthermore, there are always some limits associated with storage capacity of the warehouse. This paper formulates an inventory model that considers the impact of imperfect quality items and shortages. The cost of storage in rented warehouse (RW) is greater than own warehouse (OW) due to fact there are better preservation facilities in RW. This work considers that defective items are completely withdrawn after the inspection process. The purpose of this inventory model is to establish the optimal order quantity and backorder size that maximize the total profit. Some numerical examples are solved, and a sensitivity analysis is included.

scholarly journals Monte Carlo analysis for solar PV impact assessment in MV distribution networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Dilini Almeida ◽  
Jagadeesh Pasupuleti ◽  
Shangari K. Raveendran ◽  
M. Reyasudin Basir Khan
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Monte Carlo Analysis ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Pv Generation ◽  
Pv Penetration ◽  
The Impact

The rapid penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in distribution networks has imposed various implications on network operations. Therefore, it is imperative to consider the stochastic nature of PV generation and load demand to address the operational challenges in future PV-rich distribution networks. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo based probabilistic framework for assessing the impact of PV penetration on medium voltage (MV) distribution networks. The uncertainties associated with PV installation capacity and its location, as well as the time-varying nature of PV generation and load demand were considered for the implementation of the probabilistic framework. A case study was performed for a typical MV distribution network in Malaysia, demonstrating the effectiveness of Monte Carlo analysis in evaluating the potential PV impacts in the future. A total of 1000 Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to accurately identify the influence of PV penetration on voltage profiles and network losses. Besides, several key metrics were used to quantify the technical performance of the distribution network. The results revealed that the worst repercussion of high solar PV penetration on typical Malaysian MV distribution networks is the violation of the upper voltage statutory limit, which is likely to occur beyond 70% penetration level.

scholarly journals Impact on Milk Assembly Costs of Daily Milk Pick-Ups

1976 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Strang ◽  
Doyle A. Eiler
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Milk Storage ◽  
Daily Milk

The majority of U.S. dairy farmers have invested in on-farm storage equipment with capacity for at least two days’ milk production. However, the remaining farms, with limited investment in storage capacity may have a major impact on milk assembly costs. The purpose of this study is to explore the impact daily milk pick-ups have on milk assembly costs and to compare these costs to the cost of increasing on-farm milk storage capacity.

scholarly journals Novelty Seeking and Mental Health in Chinese University Students Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Wen Li ◽  
Huizhen Yu ◽  
Dan J. Miller ◽  
Fang Yang ◽  
Christopher Rouen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Growth Trajectory ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Growth Trajectories ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
Latent Curve ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has created significant concern surrounding the impact of pandemic lockdown on mental health. While the pandemic lockdown can be distressing, times of crisis can also provide people with the opportunity to think divergently and explore different activities. Novelty seeking, where individuals explore novel and unfamiliarly stimuli and environments, may enhance the creativity of individuals to solve problems in a way that allows them to adjust their emotional responses to stressful situations. This study employs a longitudinal design to investigate changes in novelty seeking and mental health outcomes (namely, stress, anxiety, and depression) before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, among a group of students (final N = 173; Mage = 19.81; SDage = 0.98; 135 females and 38 males) from a university in southeast China. Participants were surveyed at three points: November, 2019 (prior to the COVID-19 pandemic); between February and March, 2020 (during the peak of the pandemic and intense lockdown in China); and between May and June, 2020 (after lockdown had been lifted in China). Cross-sectionally, correlation analysis indicated that greater novelty seeking was associated with lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression at all three time points. Univariate latent curve modeling (LCM) indicated a growth trajectory in which novelty seeking increased over time and then remained high during the post-lockdown period. Stress, anxiety, and depression all showed V-shaped growth trajectories in which these variables decreased during lockdown, before increasing in the post-lockdown period. Multivariate LCM indicated the growth trajectory for novelty seeking was associated with the growth trajectories for stress, anxiety, and depression. This suggests that the observed decreases in stress, anxiety, and depression during the lockdown period may be attributable to the sample’s observed increase in novelty seeking. These findings are valuable in that they challenge the notion that lockdown measures are inherently detrimental to mental health. The findings indicate the important role of novelty seeking in responding to crises. It may be possible for future public health measures to incorporate the promotion of novelty seeking to help individuals’ respond to stressful situations and maintain good mental health in the face of crises.

scholarly journals The impact of digital contact tracing on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic—a comprehensive modelling study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina R. Pollmann ◽  
Stefan Schönert ◽  
Johannes Müller ◽  
Julia Pollmann ◽  
Elisa Resconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Stochastic Models ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Random Testing ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Testing Protocols

AbstractContact tracing is one of several strategies employed in many countries to curb the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Digital contact tracing (DCT) uses tools such as cell-phone applications to improve tracing speed and reach. We model the impact of DCT on the spread of the virus for a large epidemiological parameter space consistent with current literature on SARS-CoV-2. We also model DCT in combination with random testing (RT) and social distancing (SD).Modelling is done with two independently developed individual-based (stochastic) models that use the Monte Carlo technique, benchmarked against each other and against two types of deterministic models.For current best estimates of the number of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 carriers (approximately 40%), their contagiousness (similar to that of symptomatic carriers), the reproductive number before interventions (${R_{0}}$ R 0 at least 3) we find that DCT must be combined with other interventions such as SD and/or RT to push the reproductive number below one. At least 60% of the population would have to use the DCT system for its effect to become significant. On its own, DCT cannot bring the reproductive number below 1 unless nearly the entire population uses the DCT system and follows quarantining and testing protocols strictly. For lower uptake of the DCT system, DCT still reduces the number of people that become infected.When DCT is deployed in a population with an ongoing outbreak where $\mathcal{O}$ O (0.1%) of the population have already been infected, the gains of the DCT intervention come at the cost of requiring up to 15% of the population to be quarantined (in response to being traced) on average each day for the duration of the epidemic, even when there is sufficient testing capability to test every traced person.

Demonstrating Nutrient Cost Gradients: A Brooklyn Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Karp ◽  
Gary Wong ◽  
Marguerite Orsi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Caloric Density ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Introduction: Foods dense in micronutrients are generally more expensive than those with higher energy content. These cost-differentials may put low-income families at risk of diminished micronutrient intake. Objectives: We sought to determine differences in the cost for iron, folate, and choline in foods available for purchase in a low-income community when assessed for energy content and serving size. Methods: Sixty-nine foods listed in the menu plans provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) for low-income families were considered, in 10 domains. The cost and micronutrient content for-energy and per-serving of these foods were determined for the three micronutrients. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparisons of energy costs; Spearman rho tests for comparisons of micronutrient content. Ninety families were interviewed in a pediatric clinic to assess the impact of food cost on food selection. Results: Significant differences between domains were shown for energy density with both cost-for-energy (p < 0.001) and cost-per-serving (p < 0.05) comparisons. All three micronutrient contents were significantly correlated with cost-for-energy (p < 0.01). Both iron and choline contents were significantly correlated with cost-per-serving (p < 0.05). Of the 90 families, 38 (42 %) worried about food costs; 40 (44 %) had chosen foods of high caloric density in response to that fear, and 29 of 40 families experiencing both worry and making such food selection. Conclusion: Adjustments to USDA meal plans using cost-for-energy analysis showed differentials for both energy and micronutrients. These differentials were reduced using cost-per-serving analysis, but were not eliminated. A substantial proportion of low-income families are vulnerable to micronutrient deficiencies.

TRANSFER FİYATLAMA UYGULAMASININ İŞLETME PERFORMANSINA ETKİSİ VE VERGİSEL AÇIDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Serdar KUZU
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
International Transactions ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The size of international trade continues to extend rapidly from day to day as a result of the globalization process. This situation causes an increase in the economic activities of businesses in the trading area. One of the main objectives of the cost system applied in businesses is to be able to monitor the competitors and the changes that can be occured as a result of the developments in the sector. Thus, making cost accounting that is proper according to IAS / IFRS and tax legislation has become one of the strategic targets of the companies in most countries. In this respect, businesses should form their cost and pricing systems according to new regulations. Transfer pricing practice is usefull in setting the most proper price for goods that are subject to the transaction, in evaluating the performance of the responsibility centers of business, and in determining if the inter-departmental pricing system is consistent with targets of the business. The taxing powers of different countries and also the taxing powers of different institutions in a country did not overlap. Because of this reason, bringing new regulations to the tax system has become essential. The transfer pricing practice that has been incorporated into the Turkish Tax System is one of the these regulations. The transfer pricing practice which includes national and international transactions has been included in the Corporate Tax Law and Income Tax Law. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of goods and services transfer that will occur between departments of businesses on the responsibility center and business performance, and also the impact of transfer pricing practice on the business performance on the basis of tax-related matters. As a result of the study, it can be said that transfer pricing practice has an impact on business performance in terms of both price and tax-related matters.

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