scholarly journals Valuation of Distributed Wind in an Isolated System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6956
Author(s):  
Sarah Barrows ◽  
Kendall Mongird ◽  
Brian Naughton ◽  
Rachid Darbali-Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Advanced Controls ◽  
Isolated Systems ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Additional Fuel

Remote communities are increasingly adopting renewable energy, such as wind, as they transition away from diesel energy generation. It is important to understand the benefits and costs of wind energy to isolated systems so that decision-makers can optimize their choices in these communities. There are few examples of valuation of wind energy as a distributed resource and numerous differences in valuation approaches, especially in the inclusion of environmental and economic impacts. We apply a distributed wind valuation framework to calculate the benefits and costs of wind in St. Mary’s, Alaska, to the local electric cooperative and to society, finding that the project does not have a favorable benefit-to-cost ratio unless societal benefits are included, in which case the benefit-to-cost ratio is nearly double. Government funding is important to reducing the initial capital expenditures of this wind project and will likely be the case for projects with similar characteristics. Additional fuel savings benefits are potentially possible for this project through technological additions such as energy storage and advanced controls.

scholarly journals The Societal Benefits and Costs of School Dropout Recovery

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Catterall
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Dropout Recovery ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Successful Recovery ◽  
Public Costs ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

This article reports an analysis of the societal benefits and costs of recovering school dropouts. Successful recovery is defined by subsequent graduation from high school. The analysis is based on established estimates of the societal costs of dropping out including reduced government tax collections and higher social costs of welfare, healthcare, and crime. These potential costs are cast as benefits when a dropout is recovered. A large dropout recovery program provides the setting for the analysis. Rigorous attention is given to accurate estimation of the number of students who would not have graduated without the program in the year assessed and to the induced public costs of their continued education. Estimated benefits are weighed against the total annual public costs of the program, which operates in 65 school centers and commands an annual budget of about $70 million. The estimated benefit-cost ratio for this program is 3 to 1, a figure comparable to benefit-cost ratio estimates reported in studies of dropout prevention. The sensitivity of this conclusion to specific assumptions within the analysis is discussed.

scholarly journals A Comeback of Wind Power in Shipping: An Economic and Operational Review on the Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1880
Author(s):  
Todd Chou ◽  
Vasileios Kosmas ◽  
Michele Acciaro ◽  
Katharina Renken
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ship Propulsion ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Promising Solution

Wind-assisted ship propulsion (WASP) technology seems to be a promising solution toward accelerating the shipping industry’s decarbonization efforts as it uses wind to replace part of the propulsive power generated from fossil fuels. This article discusses the status quo of the WASP technological growth within the maritime transport sector by means of a secondary data review analysis, presents the potential fuel-saving implications, and identifies key factors that shape the operational efficiency of the technology. The analysis reveals three key considerations. Firstly, despite the existing limited number of WASP installations, there is a promising trend of diffusion of the technology within the industry. Secondly, companies can achieve fuel savings, which vary depending on the technology installed. Thirdly, these bunker savings are influenced by environmental, on-board, and commercial factors, which presents both opportunities and challenges to decision makers.

Accounting for the Distribution of Benefits and Costs in Benefit–Cost Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
James K. Hammitt
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Alternative Evaluation ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Transfer Programs ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Abstract Benefit–cost analysis (BCA) is often viewed as measuring the efficiency of a policy independent of the distribution of its consequences. The role of distributional effects on policy choice is disputed; either: (a) the policy that maximizes net benefits should be selected and distributional concerns should be addressed through other measures, such as tax and transfer programs or (b) BCA should be supplemented with distributional analysis and decision-makers should weigh efficiency and distribution in policy choice. The separation of efficiency and distribution is misleading. The measure of efficiency depends on the numéraire chosen for the analysis, whether monetary values or some other good (unless individuals have the same rates of substitution between them). The choice of numéraire is not neutral; it can affect the ranking of policies by calculated net benefits. Alternative evaluation methods, such as BCA using a different numéraire, weighted BCA, or a social welfare function (SWF), may better integrate concerns about distribution and efficiency. The most appropriate numéraire, distributional weights, or SWFs cannot be measured or statistically estimated; it is a normative choice.

Measuring Benefits of Rural and Small Urban Transit in Greater Minnesota

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199001
Author(s):  
Jeremy Mattson ◽  
Del Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Labor Income ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Societal Benefits ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Transit Agencies ◽  
Benefit Cost

The objective of this research was to measure the benefits of rural and small urban transit services in Minnesota. The study accomplished this by first identifying, describing, and classifying the potential benefits of transit. Second, a method was developed to measure these benefits. Where possible, benefits were quantified in dollar values. Other benefits that could not be quantified in monetary terms were either quantified in another way or described qualitatively. The study included an analysis of societal benefits and economic impacts within local communities. Third, the developed method was applied to a series of six case studies across Greater Minnesota. Data were collected through onboard rider surveys for each of the six transit agencies. Total benefits and benefit-cost ratios were estimated for the six transit agencies—all showed benefits that exceeded costs—and results were generalized to Greater Minnesota. Economic impacts were also estimated showing the effect on jobs, labor income, and value added. This research provides information to assess the benefits of public spending on transit, which gives decision makers the data needed to inform investment decisions.

Wind Energy and Adverse Visual-Impact Litigation: A Balance of Global and Local Interests?

Climate Law ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 336-352
Author(s):  
Natalie Jones
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Visual Amenity ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
Wind Energy Development ◽  
Slow Wind ◽  
Global And Local

Wind energy is one of the world’s fastest growing forms of energy. It has many advantages over traditional forms of energy. However, visual impact is a disadvantage. Although planning applications for wind-farm developments are on the rise worldwide, the visual impact of potential developments repeatedly provokes opposition to new wind-farm projects. Litigation aimed at enjoining the construction of wind-energy facilities can slow wind-energy development and increase its cost. This article takes a comparative approach to such visual-impact litigation, looking at cases from Australia, New Zealand, and England in order to understand why planning cases are much more likely to succeed in some jurisdictions than others. I argue that in some jurisdictions decision-makers and courts are impliedly prioritizing the global, national, and local interests in favour of wind-farm development over the national and local interests in favour of landscape and visual-amenity protection.

Who Gains from and who Pays for Channel Deepening?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1909 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Grigalunas ◽  
James J. Opaluch ◽  
Young Tae Chang
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The State ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Port dredging to accommodate larger vessels can create substantial national economic benefits. However, how affected individual states fare economically with dredging is often unclear and can be an important issue. The benefits and the costs to Delaware residents of dredging—with the recent proposed deepening of the Delaware Bay and River main federal channel as a case study—are examined. Benefits include ( a) lower transportation costs that residents might receive on imported goods, ( b) profits that residents would realize if cost savings (e.g., on refinery products) were not passed forward to Delaware users, ( c) project costs that residents would bear as federal taxpayers, and ( d) benefits that residents would realize if the use of dredged sediments for planned beach renourishment created savings to the state. Sensitivity analyses are used to reflect uncertainty in outcomes. The estimated net present value to Delaware today of all future annual quantifiable benefits and costs ranges between $15,528,393 and $14,195,700 over 50 years at 5.875%. Stated another way, the quantified net benefits for Delaware imply a benefit-cost ratio between 2.07 and 1.89. Hence, for every dollar of the $7.5 million that Delaware would pay as a nonfederal cosponsor, estimated quantifiable net benefits to the state are $2.07 to $1.89. Some benefit and cost estimates are vehemently debated between interested parties, and not all benefits and costs can be quantified.

Is There a Path to Peaceful Resolution in the Dokdo/Takeshima Dispute?

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-174
Author(s):  
Paul Huth ◽  
Sunwoong Kim
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Territorial Dispute ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
Peaceful Resolution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Abstract Japan and South Korea have been locked in a territorial dispute over the islands of Dokdo/Takeshima since the end of wwii. In this essay, we analyze the reasons why the issue has been a thorny issue for such a long time in their bilateral relationship. The calculus of domestic and international benefits and costs of the top decision makers in both countries reveal that neither party is likely to change their current position in the absence of a clear legal focal point, because both will have to come up with a substantial concession in order to achieve a peaceful resolution.

scholarly journals MODELING OF KOARMADA MARINE OPERATIONS II BASED ON THE THREAT PREDICTION FROM INTELLIGENCE WITH A MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING APPROACH

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Fa'iq Mumtaz Muhammad ◽  
Budisantoso Wirjodirdjo ◽  
Okol Sri Suharyo ◽  
Yudha Sukma Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
Operations Other Than War ◽  
Selection Of

Indonesia as archipelagic country, needs strong maritime sector security. The Indonesian Navy in Law Number 34 Year 2004 has been given the mandate to safeguard the sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia. The Armada II Command as Kotamaops annually carries out Military Operations Other Than War (OMSP) which is carried out under the command of Guspurla and Guskamla. Intelligence information regarding the estimated threat / contingency that will occur is very influential on decision makers in operational planning. With the contingency provided by the intelligence staff, it is necessary to have an appropriate marine operation modeling. In a multi-operation operation, it is necessary to have a supporting attribute, that is, a base ship. The purpose of this study is to formulate an operation modeling using the selection of a headquarter ship which is preceded by the determination of contingency priorities. This study uses MCDM which consists of MCDA and MCDO which uses the integration of the Delphi method, AHP, Fuzzy weighting, Goal programming and linear Integer-Zero one programming. Based on the processing of Delphi and AHP, in determining the threat of OMSP, it is influenced by the number / intensity of incidents of 20.4%; impact of Ipoleksosbudhankam 29.4%, Capabiity 38.2% and involvement factor of 12.1% where national jurisdiction marine security operations are selected as the first priority. Meanwhile, in the selection of the headquarters ship which functions to coordinate the KRI in carrying out sector patrols, using the FWH and IGP, the KRI was chosen as the Sigma class to be the headquarters ship. This modeling uses 22 of the 24 KRI that have been allocated by obtaining an increase in the optimization of the coverage area and fuel savings.. Keywords: OMSP, MCDM, Contigency, headquarters warship and Maritime Security Operations

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN TURBIN ANGIN KECEPATAN RENDAH TIPE NT1000W DI WILAYAH TERPENCIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Redaksi Tim Jurnal
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
One Step ◽  
Research Studies

This research discusses the fulfillment of the electricity needs of remote communities that are closely related to electrification ratios. Electrification ratios in some isolated areas and scattered islands in Indonesia are still very low. To date, most of the electricity needs in Indonesia is still supplied by Diesel Power Electricity Generator (PLTD) which uses diesel as its fuel. Therefore, it is necessary the utilization of renewable energy as one step to fulfill the electrical energy needs. This research studies about the utilization of wind energy with PLTB by using low speed wind turbine to fulfill the electricity needs of remote communities and scattered islands in Indonesia. NT1000W is the latest technology of low speed wind turbine that can operate at wind speed of 1 m/d up to 60 m/d appropriate to the wind conditions in Indonesia. Testing conducted in west Sumatera particularly in Padang city and Kapo-Kapo Island provide a feasibility of PLTB NT1000W technically and financially.

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