scholarly journals Decarbonization of Distribution Transformers Based on Current Reduction: Economic and Environmental Impacts

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7207
Author(s):  
Vicente León-Martínez ◽  
Clara Andrada-Monrós ◽  
Laura Molina-Cañamero ◽  
Jorge Cano-Martínez ◽  
Elisa Peñalvo-López

Well-known industrial practice efficiency improvement techniques, such as reactive compensation, load balancing, and harmonic filtering, are used in this paper to reduce energy losses in distribution transformers, and therefore, to decrease carbon dioxide emissions and economic costs in the operation of these transformers. Load balancing is carried out by monitoring the values of the angles of the active and reactive components of the vector unbalanced power. Likewise, the application of Order 3/2020 of the Spanish National Markets and Competition Commission is described, in detail, for the calculation of the economic costs derived from the transformer energy losses caused by the load currents and the penalties due to transformer energy deliveries with capacitive power factors. Finally, all these improvement techniques are applied to determine savings in carbon dioxide emissions and costs on the electricity bill of an actual 1000 kVA distribution transformer that supplies a commercial and night-entertainment area. The results of this application case reveal that cost reductions due to energy loss savings are modest, but the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and the savings in penalties for capacitive reactive supplies are significant.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anang Dasa Novfowan ◽  
Mochammad Mieftah ◽  
Wijaya Kusuma

The unbalanced load on distribution transformers is mostly caused of connecting new customers and changing patterns of electricity usage in the community. The impact of the unbalanced load is the emergence of a current flowing on the transformer neutral conductor that causes energy losses. Load balancing of distribution transformers is commonly done by technicians, but the implementation takes quite a long time and is repeated, sometimes up to 4-5 times to get the appropriate results. This is more due to less valid customer phase data. Customer phase verification is needed to accelerate the load balancing process in an effort to reduce losses in distribution transformers. With valid customer phase data, just one stage of load balancing can reduce losses by 1.06%.


2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Marvão Pereira ◽  
Rui Manuel Marvão Pereira

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11134
Author(s):  
Elisa Peñalvo-López ◽  
Vicente León-Martínez ◽  
Joaquín Montañana-Romeu ◽  
Javier Cárcel-Carrasco

Compensation of reactive power is necessary in power systems due to economical, energetic, and environmental reasons. Reactive power increases energy power losses and carbon dioxide emissions in distribution lines and power transformers. However, capacitor banks used in most industrial applications do not significantly reduce energy losses in lines and transformers when supply voltages and loads are unbalanced and therefore do not fully improve the sustainability of distribution networks. This fact is explained in this paper using positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence reactive power components in three-phase, four-wire sinusoidal power systems supplied with unbalanced voltages. Likewise, several devices have also been developed for the compensation of the total reactive power and, specifically, for each of its components in these power systems. Comparing the effectiveness of these reactive compensators and other well-known passive compensators as capacitor banks on the sustainability improvement of the electrical installation of an actual industry, reductions between 20% and 100% in energy losses and carbon dioxide emissions, caused by circulation of reactive currents in transformer and lines, can be expected depending on the type of compensator used.


Author(s):  
R.G. Nelson, ◽  
C.H. Hellwinckel, ◽  
C.C. Brandt, ◽  
T.O. West, ◽  
D.G. De La Torre Ugarte, ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1484-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Shan ◽  
Hua Wang Shao

The coordination development of economy-energy-environment was discussed with traditional environmental loads model, combined with "decoupling" theory. Considering the possibilities of social and economic development, this paper set out three scenarios, and analyzed quantitatively the indexes, which affected carbon dioxide emissions, including population, per capita GDP, industrial structure and energy structure. Based on this, it forecasted carbon dioxide emissions in China in future. By comparing the prediction results, it held that policy scenario was the more realistic scenario, what’s more it can achieve emission reduction targets with the premise of meeting the social and economic development goals. At last, it put forward suggestions to implement successfully policy scenario, from energy structure, industrial structure, low-carbon technology and so on.


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