scholarly journals Findings from Measurements of the Electric Power Demand of Air Compressors

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8395
Author(s):  
Ulf Hummel ◽  
Peter Radgen ◽  
Sercan Ülker ◽  
Ralph Schelle
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
A Value ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Air Compressors

The compressed air electric ratio (CAER) describes the ratio of the real electric power demand to the nominal mechanical power of an air compressor. The CAER is an important indicator as the electric power demand of air compressors varies throughout its operation dependent on compressor technology, pressure ratio, and free air delivery. The nameplate power of the compressor drive motor is not sufficient for evaluating the electric power demand; therefore, the CAER plays an important role in assessing the electric operating power demand. In this paper, results from measurements of fixed speed and variable speed (VFD) compressors are presented with the analysis of key influencing factors of the CAER. The data show that the pressure ratio of operating pressure to the maximum design outlet pressure has the largest impact on the CAER. For VFD compressors, the CAER is represented as a linear function dependent on the respective load. Fixed and variable speed compressors’ CAERs are always dependent on the load condition. In idle condition, the CAER was measured to be 0.2. In full load condition with a pressure ratio of 0.6, the CAER averages at a value of 0.87, meaning a 90 kW compressor at 0.6 pressure ratio draws 78.3 kW electric power.

scholarly journals Short-term electric power demand forecastingusing a hybrid model of SARIMA and SVR

2020 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
QiheLou ◽  
QiLyu ◽  
Zhixiong Na ◽  
Dayan Ma ◽  
Xiaoguang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Short Term

Research on Main Performance of the Vehicle-Mounted Generator System under Variable Speed Condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 790-794
Author(s):  
Shi Shun Zhu ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Sun Yan ◽  
Su Jun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Working Condition ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Generator System ◽  
Constant Frequency ◽  
Speed Condition ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Large Speed

Vehicle-mounted shaft generator system with constant frequency and voltage under variable speed condition can adapt to a large speed range of working condition while the vehicle is moving. Its key technologies are a process of rectification-inversion and a composite staggered parallel DC converter. Test research shows that electrical performance of the shaft generator system meets the first kind electric power plant requirements according to GJB 5785-2006 of China, which indicates that the shaft generator system can provide uninterrupted high quality electric power to current general on-board electrical equipment on vehicles under all speed conditions.

Efficiency of Microcombustion System with Thermoelectric Generator Combined with Countercurrent Heat Exchanger

2016 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 422-426
Author(s):  
Nikolai Belyakov ◽  
Igor Terletskii ◽  
Sergey Minaev ◽  
Sudarshan Kumar ◽  
Kaoru Maruta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Thermoelectric Generator ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Thermoelectric Device ◽  
Combustion Heat ◽  
Thermoelectric Element ◽  
Fresh Mixture ◽  
A Value ◽  
New System

A new system for converting combustion heat into electric power was proposed on the basis of countercurrent burner with thermoelectric element embedded in a wall separating incoming fresh mixture and combustion products. The wall serves as heat exchanger between combustion products and the fresh mixture. Numerical simulations showed that almost whole combustion heat may be transferred through the thermoelectric element in such system and the total thermal efficiency attained a value close to the conversion efficiency of the thermoelectric device itself.

Compressible Flowfield Characteristics of Butterfly Valves

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Morris ◽  
J. C. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Flow Separation ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Local Geometry ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Butterfly Valve ◽  
Pressure Distributions ◽  
Flow Separation And Reattachment

The results of an experimental investigation into the flowfield characteristics of butterfly valves under compressible flow operating conditions are reported. The experimental results include Schlieren and surface flow visualizations and flowfield static pressure distributions. Two valve disk shapes have been studied in a planar, two-dimensional test section: a generic biconvex circular arc profile and the midplane cross-section of a prototype butterfly valve. The valve disk angle and operating pressure ratio have also been varied in these experiments. The results demonstrate that under certain conditions of operation the butterfly valve flowfield can be extremely complex with oblique shock waves, expansion fans, and regions of flow separation and reattachment. In addition, the sensitivity of the valve disk surface pressure distributions to the local geometry near the leading and trailing edges and the relation of the aerodynamic torque to flow separation and reattachment on the disk are shown.

Thermoeconomic Model for the Energy Optimization of Industrial Air Compressed Supply Network Under Transient Condition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesme Corredor M. ◽  
Diego Guillen ◽  
José Prada ◽  
Alisson Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Compressors ◽  
Air Compression ◽  
Selection Of

Air compression represents around 20% of industrial total electric power demand, especially in chemicals and process companies. Few technical studies related with energy optimization of air compressed networks are reported in the specialized literature, in contrast, in natural gas and steam networks have been widely analyzed. Pressure, temperature and flow monitoring of air compression is not enough for implementation of energy optimization models, for this reason authors have developed a transit conditions model which takes into account air supply equipments and air compressed process requirements. This paper presents a decision support system for the scheduling selection of a set of air compressors in an industrial plant based on energy demand minimization. Several constraints must be taken in consideration during the optimization process, this can be desegregate in two types, the first set of constrains was used for simulate the operation of scroll, screw and centrifuges compressors, the second based in graph an node theory and contain the mathematical transit conditions model of supply air network topology, for the complexity of the problem the use of a genetic algorithm to search an optimal combination was necessary.

scholarly journals A Study of the Relationship between Weather Variables and Electric Power Demand inside a Smart Grid/Smart World Framework

Sensors ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 11571-11591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Hernández ◽  
Carlos Baladrón ◽  
Javier M. Aguiar ◽  
Lorena Calavia ◽  
Belén Carro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Hybridization of training aircraft with real world flight profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Donateo ◽  
Roberto Totaro
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Real World ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Modeling Strategy

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze real-world flight data of a piston engine training aircraft collected from an internet-based radar service, along with wind data provided by a weather forecast model, and to use such data to design a hybrid electric power system. Design/methodology/approach The modeling strategy starts from the power demand imposed by a real-world wind-corrected flight profile, where speed and altitude are provided as functions of time, and goes through the calculation of the efficiency of the powertrain components when they meet such demand. Each component of the power system and, in particular, the engine and the propeller, is simulated as a black box with an efficiency depending on the actual working conditions. In the case of hybrid electric power system, the battery charging and discharging processes are simulated with the Shepherd model. Findings The variability of power demand and fuel consumption for a training aircraft is analyzed by applying the proposed methodology to the Piper PA-28-180 Cherokee, a very popular aircraft used for flight training, air taxi and personal use. The potentiality of hybridization is assessed by analyzing the usage of the engine over more than 90 flights. A tentative sizing of a hybrid electric power system is also proposed. It guarantees a fuel saving of about 5%. Originality/value The scientific contribution and the novelty of the investigation are related to the modeling methodology, which takes into account real-world flight conditions, and the application of hybridization to a training aircraft.

Super-Fine Structure in the Critical Flow-Rate of Critical Flow Venturi Nozzles

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Ishibashi
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Critical Flow Rate ◽  
A Value ◽  
Long Time

It is shown that critical flow Venturi nozzles need time intervals, i.e., more than five hours, to achieve steady state conditions. During these intervals, the discharge coefficient varies gradually to reach a value inherent to the pressure ratio applied. When a nozzle is suddenly put in the critical condition, its discharge coefficient is trapped at a certain value then afterwards approaches gradually to the inherent value. Primary calibrations are considered to have measured the trapped discharge coefficient, whereas nozzles in applications, where a constant pressure ratio is applied for a long time, have a discharge coefficient inherent to the pressure ratio; inherent and trapped coefficients can differ by 0.03–0.04%.

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