Thermoeconomic Model for the Energy Optimization of Industrial Air Compressed Supply Network Under Transient Condition

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesme Corredor M. ◽  
Diego Guillen ◽  
José Prada ◽  
Alisson Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Air Compressors ◽  
Air Compression ◽  
Selection Of

Air compression represents around 20% of industrial total electric power demand, especially in chemicals and process companies. Few technical studies related with energy optimization of air compressed networks are reported in the specialized literature, in contrast, in natural gas and steam networks have been widely analyzed. Pressure, temperature and flow monitoring of air compression is not enough for implementation of energy optimization models, for this reason authors have developed a transit conditions model which takes into account air supply equipments and air compressed process requirements. This paper presents a decision support system for the scheduling selection of a set of air compressors in an industrial plant based on energy demand minimization. Several constraints must be taken in consideration during the optimization process, this can be desegregate in two types, the first set of constrains was used for simulate the operation of scroll, screw and centrifuges compressors, the second based in graph an node theory and contain the mathematical transit conditions model of supply air network topology, for the complexity of the problem the use of a genetic algorithm to search an optimal combination was necessary.

DETERMINING THE DESALINATION UNIT COMPOSITION FOR COSTAL AREAS AND SMALL ISLANDS USE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Setiadi ◽  
Dinda Rita K. Hartaja
Keyword(s):  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Ahp Method ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Selection Of

Selection of the appropriate composition desalination units can be done with a variety of method approaches, one of the method is the Analytic Hierarchy Process. In determining the desalination unit with AHP method to consider is setting a goal, an alternative criteria and pairwise comparison. Research for the determination of the exact composition of the desalination unit in order to achieve sustainable drinking water suppy in coastal areas and small islands has been conducted. The results of the study are as follows, the energy demand of 50.83%, operator costs of 26.64%, maintenance costs of 14.13% and chemical requirement 8.4%. For an alternative composition desalination unit of RO 10 m3 / day is the best alternative composition with value of 59.61%, the composition of the next alternative is RO 20 m3/ day of 30.40% and the last alternative of the desalination unit composition is RO 120 m3/ day of 09.99%.Key words : Desalination, Mukti Stage Flash Composition, AHP

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
Virgilijus Skulskis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Selection Of

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.

scholarly journals Membrane Distillation for the Production of Pharmaceutical-Grade Water—Investigation into the Application of AGMD and VMD

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6058
Author(s):  
Cornelius Nellessen ◽  
Thomas Klein ◽  
Hans-Jürgen Rapp ◽  
Frank Rögener
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Membrane Distillation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
One Step ◽  
Selection Of

The production of pharmaceutical ingredients, intermediates and final products strongly depends on the utilization of water. Water is also required for the purification and preparation of reagents. Each specific application determines the respective water quality. In the European Union, the European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.) contains the official standards that assure quality control of pharmaceutical products during their life cycle. According to this, the production of water for pharmaceutical use is mainly based on multi-stage distillation and membrane processes, especially, reverse osmosis. Membrane distillation (MD) could be an alternative process to these classical methods. It offers advantages in terms of energy demand and a compact apparatus design. In the following study, the preparation of pharmaceutical-grade water from tap water in a one-step process using MD is presented. Special emphasis is placed on the performance of two different module designs and on the selection of optimum process parameters.

scholarly journals Methodology for Energy Optimization in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Phase II: Reduction of Air Requirements and Redesign of the Biological Aeration Installation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1143
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Lozano Avilés ◽  
Francisco Del Cerro Velázquez ◽  
Mercedes Llorens Pascual Del Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Optimization Methodology

Phase I of the proposed energy optimization methodology showed how the selection of best management criteria for the biological aeration process, and the guarantee of its control at the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in San Pedro del Pinatar (Murcia, Spain) produced reductions of around 20% in energy consumption by considerably reducing the oxygen needs of the microorganisms in the biological system. This manuscript focused on phase II of this methodology, which describes the tools that can be used to detect and correct deviations in the optimal operating points of the aeration equipment and the intrinsic deficiencies in the installation, in order to achieve optimization of the oxygen needs by the microorganisms and improve the efficiency of their transfer from the gas phase to the liquid phase. The objectives pursued were: (i) to minimize the need for aeration, (ii) to reduce the pressure losses in the installation, (iii) to optimize the air supply pressures to avoid excessive energy consumption for the same airflow, and (iv) to optimize the control strategy for the actual working conditions. The use of flow modeling and simulation techniques, the measurement and calculation of air transfer efficiency through the use of off-gas hoods, and the redesign of the aeration facility at the San Pedro del Pinatar WWTP were crucial, and allowed for reductions in energy consumption in Phase II of more than 20%.

scholarly journals Benchmarking for Energy Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh ◽  
Mohd Zin Kandar ◽  
Siti Rasidah Md Sakip
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Building Design ◽  
User Perception ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
The Right ◽  
Open Access Article ◽  
Selection Of

Increased energy demand end to the world grew by 39% between 1990 to 2008 and further increased by 40% between 2007 to 2030. Energy consumption in buildings has been identified to contribute up to 40% of the total world. Through the selection of methods and the right strategy will reduce the problem of increase energy in buildings. Based on the theory of energy efficiency developed it can achieve through three main factors; a) building design; b) design of services; c) user behavior. This paper aims to discuss methods to benchmark user perception on energy efficiency in school buildings.Keywords: Benchmarking; energy efficiency; school building; user perceptioneISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

Changes in metabolic rate and N excretion in the marine invertebrateSipunculus nudusunder conditions of environmental hypercapnia

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Langenbuch ◽  
H. O. Pörtner
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Amino Acid Catabolism ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Selection Of

SUMMARYIncreased CO2 partial pressures (hypercapnia) as well as hypoxia are natural features of marine environments like the intertidal zone. Nevertheless little is known about the specific effects of CO2 on metabolism, except for the well-described effects on acid—base variables and regulation. Accordingly, the sediment-dwelling worm Sipunculus nudus was used as an experimental model to investigate the correlation of acid—base-induced metabolic depression and protein/amino acid catabolism, by determining the rates of oxygen consumption, ammonia excretion and O/N ratios in non-perfused preparations of body wall musculature at various levels of extra- and intracellular pH, PCO2 and [HCO3-]. A decrease in extracellular pH from control level (7.9) to 6.7 caused a reduction in aerobic metabolic rate of both normocapnic and hypercapnic tissues by 40-45 %. O/N ratios of 4.0-4.5 under control conditions indicate that amino acid catabolism meets the largest fraction of aerobic energy demand. A significant 10-15 % drop in ammonia excretion, a simultaneous reduction of O/N ratios and a transient accumulation of intracellular bicarbonate during transition to extreme acidosis suggest a reduction in net amino acid catabolism and a shift in the selection of amino acids used,favouring monoamino dicarboxylic acids and their amines (asparagine,glutamine, aspartic and glutamic acids). A drop in intracellular pH was identified as mediating this effect. In conclusion, the present data provide evidence for a regulatory role of intracellular pH in the selection of amino acids used by catabolism.

DSM for Energy Optimization and Communications Within Smart Grid CPSs

2022 ◽  
pp. 506-528
Author(s):  
Sa'ed Abed ◽  
Areej Abdelaal ◽  
Amjad Gawanmeh
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Potential Solution

Energy demand has increased significantly in the recent years due to the emerging of new technologies and industries, in particular in the developing countries. This increase requires much more developed power grid system than the existing traditional ones. Smart grid (SG) offers a potential solution to this problem. Being one of the most needed and complex cyber-physical systems (CPS), SG has been addressed exhaustively by researchers, from different views and aspects. However, energy optimization yet needs much more studying and examination. Therefore, this chapter presents a comprehensive investigation and analysis of the state-of-the-art developments in SG as a CPS with emphasis on energy optimization techniques and challenges. It also surveys the main challenges facing the SG considering CPS factors and the remarkable accomplishments and techniques in addressing these challenges. In addition, the document contrasts between different techniques according to their efficiency, usage, and feasibility. Moreover, this work explores the most effective applications of the SG as a CPS.

scholarly journals Fog Computing Model to Orchestrate the Consumption and Production of Energy in Microgrids

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bernardes C. Barros ◽  
Dionísio Machado L. Filho ◽  
Bruno Guazzelli Batista ◽  
Bruno Tardiole Kuehne ◽  
Maycon Leone M. Peixoto
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Local Source ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Electrical Grids

Energy advancement and innovation have generated several challenges for large modernized cities, such as the increase in energy demand, causing the appearance of the small power grid with a local source of supply, called the Microgrid. A Microgrid operates either connected to the national centralized power grid or singly, as a power island mode. Microgrids address these challenges using sensing technologies and Fog-Cloudcomputing infrastructures for building smart electrical grids. A smart Microgrid can be used to minimize the power demand problem, but this solution needs to be implemented correctly so as not to increase the amount of data being generated. Thus, this paper proposes the use of Fog computing to help control power demand and manage power production by eliminating the high volume of data being passed to the Cloud and decreasing the requests’ response time. The GridLab-d simulator was used to create a Microgrid, where it is possible to exchange information between consumers and generators. Thus, to understand the potential of the Fog in this scenario, a performance evaluation is performed to verify how factors such as residence number, optimization algorithms, appliance shifting, and energy sources may influence the response time and resource usage.

Thermal Comfort Analysis of a Ship Air-Conditioning System Using Solidworks Flow Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 883-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Nawaz ◽  
Yan Sheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Design Software ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Occupied Zone

The focus of this work is to simulate and optimize thermal comfort in a ship air-conditioning system by evaluating the performance of different types of air supply outlets. Thermal comfort analyses were performed in Solidworks Flow Simulation software by changing the number, type and position of air supply outlets and the comfort was optimized by evaluating the values of temperature, velocity, PMV (Predicted mean vote) & PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied). It was concluded from the results obtained from different analyses that air supply outlet is a vital part in any type of HVAC (Heating ventilation & air conditioning) system design, as its number, type and position has significant effect on the air distribution and thermal comfort in a subject space. It was also deduced that improper selection of air supply outlet can result in room air stagnation, unacceptable temperature gradients, and undesirable velocities in the occupied zone that may lead to occupant discomfort. Through this work the importance and effectiveness of CFD (computational fluid dynamics) design tools, in the design & optimization of HVAC systems has been evaluated and it was concluded that CFD design software like Solidworks flow simulation provide an excellent provision to validate different aspects of HVAC design before actual construction.

Energy Optimization in Net-Zero Energy Building Clusters

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Odonkor ◽  
Kemper Lewis ◽  
Jin Wen ◽  
Teresa Wu
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Energy Optimization

Traditionally viewed as mere energy consumers, buildings have in recent years adapted, capitalizing on smart grid technologies and distributed energy resources to not only efficiently use energy, but to also output energy. This has led to the development of net-zero energy buildings, a concept which encapsulates the synergy of energy efficient buildings, smart grids, and renewable energy utilization to reach a balanced energy budget over an annual cycle. This work looks to further expand on this idea, moving beyond just individual buildings and considering net-zero at a community scale. We hypothesize that applying net-zero concepts to building communities, also known as building clusters, instead of individual buildings will result in cost effective building systems which in turn will be resilient to power disruption. To this end, this paper develops an intelligent energy optimization algorithm for demand side energy management, taking into account a multitude of factors affecting cost including comfort, energy price, Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, energy storage, weather, and on-site renewable resources. A bi-level operation decision framework is presented to study the energy tradeoffs within the building cluster, with individual building energy optimization on one level and an overall net-zero energy optimization handled on the next level. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is capable of significantly shifting demand, and when viable, reducing the total energy demand within net-zero building clusters. Furthermore, the optimization framework is capable of deriving Pareto solutions for the cluster which provide valuable insight for determining suitable energy strategies.

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