scholarly journals Effects of Inhibitory Compounds Present in Lignocellulosic Biomass Hydrolysates on the Growth of Bacillus subtilis

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8419
Author(s):  
Lucas van der Maas ◽  
Jasper L. S. P. Driessen ◽  
Solange I. Mussatto
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Sugar Degradation ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysates ◽  
The Individual

This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of inhibitory compounds formed during pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass on the growth of Bacillus subtilis. Ten inhibitory compounds commonly present in lignocellulosic hydrolysates were evaluated, which included sugar degradation products (furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural), acetic acid, and seven phenolic compounds derived from lignin (benzoic acid, vanillin, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and syringaldehyde). For the individual inhibitors, syringaldehyde showed the most toxic effect, completely inhibiting the strain growth at 0.1 g/L. In the sequence, assays using mixtures of the inhibitory compounds at a concentration of 12.5% of their IC50 value were performed to evaluate the combined effect of the inhibitors on the strain growth. These experiments were planned according to a Plackett–Burman experimental design. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that in a mixture, benzoic acid and furfural were the most potent inhibitors affecting the growth of B. subtilis. These results contribute to a better understanding of the individual and combined effects of inhibitory compounds present in biomass hydrolysates on the microbial performance of B. subtilis. Such knowledge is important to advance the development of sustainable biomanufacturing processes using this strain cultivated in complex media produced from lignocellulosic biomass, supporting the development of efficient bio-based processes using B. subtilis.

scholarly journals Identifying inhibitory compounds in lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysates using an exometabolomics approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zha ◽  
Johan A Westerhuis ◽  
Bas Muilwijk ◽  
Karin M Overkamp ◽  
Bernadien M Nijmeijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Inhibitory Compounds ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysates

scholarly journals Impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on activities of daily living in the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Hsia Lee ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Hsin-Yen Yen ◽  
Wan-Ling Hsu ◽  
Valeria Jia-Yi Chiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Stroke Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

Signaling Effects: Increased Content Retention and New Answers—Part II

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Good Readers ◽  
Logical Connectives ◽  
Content Retention ◽  
The Individual

This study investigated the role of signaling in helping good readers comprehend expository text. As the existing literature on signaling, reviewed in the last issue of this Journal, pointed to deficiencies in previous studies' methodologies, one goal of this study was to refine prose research methods. Two passages were designed in one of eight signaled versions each. The design was constructed to assess the individual and combined effects of headings, previews, and logical connectives. The study also assessed the effect of passage length, familiarity, and difficulty. The results showed that signals do improve a reader's comprehension, particularly comprehension two weeks after the reading of a passage and comprehension of superordinate and superordinate inferential information. This study supports the hypothesis that signals can influence retention of text-based information, particularly with long, unfamiliar, or difficult passages.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Individual and Combined Cytotoxic and Estrogenic Effects of Zearalenone, Its Reduced Metabolites, Alternariol, and Genistein

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6281
Author(s):  
Adrienn Balázs ◽  
Zelma Faisal ◽  
Rita Csepregi ◽  
Tamás Kőszegi ◽  
Balázs Kriszt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Alternaria Toxins ◽  
The Individual

Mycotoxins are toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi. Previous studies demonstrated the co-occurrence of Fusarium and Alternaria toxins, including zearalenone (ZEN), ZEN metabolites, and alternariol (AOH). These xenoestrogenic mycotoxins appear in soy-based meals and dietary supplements, resulting in the co-exposure to ZEN and AOH with the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN). In this study, the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of ZEN, reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN are examined to evaluate their individual and combined impacts. Our results demonstrate that reduced ZEN metabolites, AOH, and GEN can aggravate ZEN-induced toxicity; in addition, the compounds tested exerted mostly synergism or additive combined effects regarding cytotoxicity and/or estrogenicity. Therefore, these observations underline the importance and the considerable risk of mycotoxin co-exposure and the combined effects of mycoestrogens with phytoestrogens.

scholarly journals Engineering the Oleaginous Yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides for Improved Resistance Against Inhibitors in Biomass Hydrolysates

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liting Lyu ◽  
Yadong Chu ◽  
Sufang Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Qitian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Peroxidase Gene ◽  
The Past ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysates ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance

Conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into lipids and related chemicals has attracted much attention in the past two decades, and the oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidiumtoruloides has been widely used in this area. While R. toruloides species naturally have physiological advantages in terms of substrate utilization, lipid accumulation, and inhibitor resistance, reduced lipid production and cell growth are noticed when biomass hydrolysates are used as feedstocks. To improve the robustness of R. toruloides, here, we devised engineered strains by overexpressing genes responsible for phenolic compound degradation. Specifically, gene expression cassettes of the manganese peroxidase gene (MNP) and versatile peroxidase gene (VP) were constructed and integrated into the genome of R. toruloides NP11. A series of engineered strains were evaluated for lipid production in the presence of typical phenolic inhibitors. The results showed that R. toruloides strains with proper expression of MNP or VP indeed grew faster in the presence of vanillin and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural than the parental strain. When cultivated in concentrated mode biomass hydrolysates, the strain VP18 had improved performance as the cell mass and lipid content increased by 30% and 25%, respectively. This study provides more robust oleaginous yeast strains for microbial lipid production from lignocellulosic biomass, and similar efforts may be used to devise more advanced lipid producers.

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