scholarly journals A Piezoelectric Wave Energy Harvester Using Plucking-Driven and Frequency Up-Conversion Mechanism

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8441
Author(s):  
Shao-En Chen ◽  
Ray-Yeng Yang ◽  
Zeng-Hui Qiu ◽  
Chia-Che Wu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Piezoelectric Composite ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Cantilever Beams ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever

In this study, a plucking-driven piezoelectric wave energy harvester (PDPWEH) consisted of a buoy, a gear train frequency up-conversion mechanism, and an array of piezoelectric cantilever beams was developed. The gear train frequency up-conversion mechanism with compact components included a rack, three gears, and a geared cam provide less energy loss to improve electrical output. Six individual piezoelectric composite beams were plucked by geared cam to generate electrical power in the array of piezoelectric cantilever beams. A sol-gel method was used to create the piezoelectric composite beams. To investigate PDPWEH, a mathematical model based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory was derived. The developed PDPWEH was tested in a wave flume. The wave heights were set to 100 and 75 mm, the wave periods were set to 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 s. The maximum output voltage of the measured value was 12.4 V. The maximum RMS voltage was 5.01 V, which was measured by connecting to an external 200 kΩ resistive load. The maximum average electrical power was 125.5 μw.

scholarly journals A Piezoelectric Wave-Energy Converter Equipped with a Geared-Linkage-Based Frequency Up-Conversion Mechanism

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Shao-En Chen ◽  
Ray-Yeng Yang ◽  
Guang-Kai Wu ◽  
Chia-Che Wu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Wave Motion ◽  
Wave Energy Converter ◽  
Gear Train ◽  
Piezoelectric Composite ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Energy Converter

In this paper, a piezoelectric wave-energy converter (PWEC), consisting of a buoy, a frequency up-conversion mechanism, and a piezoelectric power-generator component, is developed. The frequency up-conversion mechanism consists of a gear train and geared-linkage mechanism, which converted lower frequencies of wave motion into higher frequencies of mechanical motion. The slider had a six-period displacement compared to the wave motion and was used to excite the piezoelectric power-generation component. Therefore, the operating frequency of the piezoelectric power-generation component was six times the frequency of the wave motion. The developed, flexible piezoelectric composite films of the generator component were used to generate electrical voltage. The piezoelectric film was composed of a copper/nickel foil as the substrate, lead–zirconium–titanium (PZT) material as the piezoelectric layer, and silver material as an upper-electrode layer. The sol-gel process was used to fabricate the PZT layer. The developed PWEC was tested in the wave flume at the Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, Taiwan (THL). The maximum height and the minimum period were set to 100 mm and 1 s, respectively. The maximum voltage of the measured value was 2.8 V. The root-mean-square (RMS) voltage was 824 mV, which was measured through connection to an external 495 kΩ resistive load. The average electric power was 1.37 μW.

Performance Analysis for a Wave Energy Harvester of Piezoelectric Cantilever Beam

2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (sp1) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Ming Liu ◽  
Hengxu Liu ◽  
Hailong Chen ◽  
Yuanchao Chai ◽  
Liquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever

An Experimental Investigation Into the Performance of a T-Shaped Piezoelectric Flow Energy Harvester

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Jain ◽  
M. R. Cacan ◽  
S. Leadenham ◽  
C. De Marqui ◽  
A. Erturk
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Parameter ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Response Spectra ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Flow Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever

The harvesting of flow energy by exploiting aeroelastic and hydroelastic vibrations has received growing attention over the last few years. The goal in this research field is to generate low-power electricity from flow-induced vibrations of scalable structures involving a proper transduction mechanism for wireless applications ranging from manned/unmanned aerial vehicles to civil infrastructure systems located in high wind areas. The fundamental challenge is to enable geometrically small flow energy harvesters while keeping the cut-in speed (lowest flow speed that induces persistent oscillations) low. An effective design with reduced cut-in speed is known to be the T-shaped cantilever arrangement that consists of a horizontal piezoelectric cantilever with a perpendicular vertical beam attachment at the tip. The direction of incoming flow is parallel to the horizontal cantilever and perpendicular to the vertical and symmetric tip attachment. Vortex-induced vibration resulting from flow past the tip attachment is the source of the aeroelastic response. For a given width of the T-shaped harvester with fixed thickness parameters, an important geometric parameter is the length ratio of the tip attachment to the cantilever. In this paper we investigate the effect of this geometric parameter on the piezoaeroelastic response of a T-shaped flow energy harvester. A controlled desktop wind tunnel system is used to characterize the electrical and mechanical response characteristics for broad ranges of flow speed and electrical load resistance using different vertical tip attachment lengths for the same horizontal piezoelectric cantilever. The variations of the electrical power output and cut-in speed with changing head length are reported along with an investigation into the electroaeroelastic frequency response spectra.

Parametric analysis of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2538-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jemai ◽  
Fehmi Najar ◽  
Moez Chafra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers

The use of a multilayer piezoelectric cantilever beam for vibration-based energy harvesting applications has been investigated as an effective technique to increase the harvested electrical power. It has been shown that the multilayered energy harvester performance is very sensitive to the number of layers and their electrical connection due to impedance variations. The objective of this work is to suggest a comprehensive mathematical model of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric energy harvester allowing analytical solution for the harvested voltage and electrical power. The model is used to deeply investigate the influence of different parameters on the harvested power. A distributed-parameter model of the harvester using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton's principle is derived. Gauss's law is used to derive the electrical equations for parallel and series connections. A closed-form solution is proposed based on the Galerkin procedure and the obtained results are validated with a finite element 3D model. A parametric study is performed to ascertain the influence of the load resistance, the thickness ratio, the number of piezoelectric layers on the tip displacement and the electrical harvested power. It is shown that this model can be easily used to adjust the geometrical and electrical parameters of the energy harvester in order to improve the system's performances. In addition, it is proven that if one of the system's parameter is not correctly tuned, the harvested power can decrease by several orders of magnitude.

A Self-Sufficient and Frequency Tunable Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cevat Volkan Karadag ◽  
Nezih Topaloglu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

In this paper, a novel smart vibration energy harvester (VEH) is presented. The harvester automatically adjusts its natural frequency to stay in resonance with ambient vibration. The proposed harvester consists of two piezoelectric cantilever beams, a tiny piezomotor with a movable mass attached to one of the beams, a control unit, and electronics. Thanks to its self-locking feature, the piezomotor does not require energy to fix its movable part, resulting in an improvement in overall energy demand. The operation of the system is optimized in order to maximize the energy efficiency. At each predefined interval, the control unit wakes up, calculates the phase difference between two beams, and if necessary, actuates the piezomotor to move its mass in the appropriate direction. It is shown that the proposed tuning algorithm successfully increases the fractional bandwidth of the harvester from 4% to 10%. The system is able to deliver 83.4% of the total harvested power into usable electrical power, while the piezomotor uses only 2.4% of the harvested power. The presented efficient, autotunable, and self-sufficient harvester is built using off-the-shelf components and it can be easily modified for wide range of applications.

Three Dimensional LES Simulation of Bi-Directional Turbine for Wave Energy Conversion

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Velez ◽  
Brent Papesh ◽  
Marcel Ilie ◽  
Zhihua Qu
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Wave Energy Conversion ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Flow Changes

Development of technology to harness the vast amount of renewable energy available in nature has been ever-increasing in popularity. A worldwide desire to limit dependency on fossil fuels as a means to produce power has motivated research in solar, wind, and wave energies, as well as other clean, naturally-abundant energy sources. This research details an innovative design for a wave energy harvester that converts the heaving motion of waves into electrical power. The conceptual design utilizes a unique bidirectional turbine system that develops torque in a single direction, independent of whether the fluid is moving upward or downward. The result is power production both as the buoy is heaved upward by a wave as well as while the buoy falls after the wave passes. A transient three dimensional LES turbulent CFD model of the bi-directional turbine system is modeled in OpenFoam. A dynamic boundary is introduced in order to model the transitional period in which water flow changes direction within the bi-directional turbine channel. The analysis of the simulation will conclude in an optimized load control algorithm which can adapt the generator load to increase the systems efficiency during the flow transitional period.

scholarly journals A C-Battery Scale Energy Harvester: Part A — System Dynamics

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Nico ◽  
Elisabetta Boco ◽  
Ronan Frizzell ◽  
Jeff Punch
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Sinusoidal Excitation

In recent years, the development of small and low power electronics has led to the deployment of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that are largely used in military and civil applications. Vibrational energy harvesting can be used to power these sensors in order to obviate the costs of battery replacement. Vibrational energy harvesters (VEHs) are devices that convert the kinetic energy present in the ambient into electrical energy using three principal transduction mechanisms: piezoelectric, electromagnetic or electrostatic. The investigation presented in this paper specifically aims to realize a device that converts vibrations from different ambient sources to electrical energy for powering autonomous wireless sensors. A “C-battery” scale (25.5 mm diameter by 57.45 mm long, 29.340 cm3) two Degree-of-Freedom (2-DoF) nonlinear electromagnetic energy harvester, which employs velocity amplification, is presented in this paper. Velocity amplification is achieved through sequential collisions between two free-moving masses, a primary (larger) and a secondary (smaller) mass. The nonlinearities are due to the use of multiple masses and the use of magnetic springs between the primary mass and the housing, and between the primary and secondary masses. Part A of this paper presents a detailed experimental characterization of the system dynamics, while Part B describes the design and verification of the magnet/coil interaction for optimum prototype power output. The harvester is characterized experimentally under sinusoidal excitation for different geometrical configurations and also under the excitation of an air-compressor. The maximum output power generated under sinusoidal excitation of arms = 0.4 g is 1.74 mW across a resistive load of 9975 Ω, while the output rms voltage is 4.2 V. Under the excitation of the compressor, the maximum peak power across a load resistance of 8660 Ω is 1.37 mW, while the average power is 85.5 μW.

scholarly journals Simulation and analysis of the aeroelastic-galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester utilizing FEM and CFD

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 01052
Author(s):  
Ismoyo Haryanto ◽  
Achmad Widodo ◽  
Toni Prahasto ◽  
Djoeli Satrijo ◽  
Iswan Pradiptya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bluff Body ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Plane Normal ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Cantilever Structure ◽  
Lift And Drag

Due to a large oscillation amplitude, galloping can be an admissible scenario to actuate the piezoelectric-based energy harvester. In the case of harvesting energy from galloping vibrations, a prismatic bluff body is attached on the free end of a piezoelectric cantilever beam and the oscillation occurs in a plane normal to the incoming flow. The electrical power then can be extracted from the piezoelectric sheet bonded in the cantilever structure due to the dynamic strain. This study is proposed to develop a theoretical model of a galloping-based piezoelectric energy harvester. A FEM procedure is utilized to determine dynamic characteristics of the structure. Whereas the aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients of the tip bluff body are determined using CDF. The results show that the present method gives precise results of the power generated by harvester. It was found that D-section yields the greatest galloping behavior and hence the maximum power.

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