scholarly journals Evaluation on the Performance of Automobile Engine Using Air Injection Nozzle in the Intake Manifold

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8555
Author(s):  
Taejung Kim ◽  
Yunchan Shin ◽  
Jungsoo Park ◽  
Honghyun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Air Injection ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Automobile Engine ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Injection Nozzle ◽  
Combustion Environment

In the present study, a nozzle was used to improve the flow performance of an intake manifold, and its effects on the automobile engine output and the exhaust gas were experimentally studied. It was found that the engine output of a vehicle with a mileage of 30,000 km increased by 4.7% and 6.5% when nozzles with diameters of 5 and 2.5 mm were used. In addition, the engine output of a vehicle with a mileage of 180,000 km increased by 3.3% and 13.3% when nozzles with diameters of 5 and 2.5 mm were used compared to those of the same vehicle when no nozzle was used. Thus, using a nozzle for the inflow of outside air created a uniform combustion environment to improve the engine output and reduce harmful exhaust gases, such as hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides, by generating vortexes inside the intake manifold and increasing the degree of mixing. Furthermore, the smaller nozzle with a diameter of 2.5 mm had greater effects.

OPTIMIZATION OF GAS-DIESEL ENGINE REGULATION AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING ITS ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
VALERIY L. CHUMAKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diesel Cycle

The paper shows some ways to improve the environmental characteristics of a diesel engine using gaseous hydrocarbon fuel and operating the engine in a gas-diesel cycle mode. Some possibilities to reduce toxic components of exhaust gases in a gas-diesel engine operating on liquefi ed propane-butane mixtures have been studied. Experiments carried out in a wide range of load from 10 to 100% and speed from 1400 to 2000 rpm showed that the gas-diesel engine provides a suffi ciently high level of diesel fuel replacement with gas hydrocarbon fuel. The authors indicate some eff ective ways to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases. The engine power should be adjusted by the simultaneous supply of fuel, gas and throttling the air charge in the intake manifold. This method enriches the fi rst combusting portions to reduce nitrogen oxides and maintains the depletion of the main charge within the fl ammability limits of the gas-air charge to reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The authors found that when the engine operates in a gas-diesel cycle mode, the power change provides a decrease in nitrogen oxide emissions of gas-diesel fuel only due to gas supply in almost the entire load range as compared to the pure diesel. At high loads (more than 80%) stable engine operation is ensured up to 90% of diesel fuel replaced by gas. Even at 10% of diesel fuel used the concentration of nitrogen oxides decreases by at least 15…20% as compared with a diesel engine in the entire load range. However, there is an increased emission of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in the exhaust gases. Further experimental studies have shown that optimization of the gas diesel regulation can reduce the mass emission of nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gases in 2…3 times and greatly reduce the emission of incomplete combustion products – carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

An experimental investigation on performance, emissions, and combustion in a manifold injection for different exhaust gas recirculation flowrates in hydrogen—diesel dual-fuel operations

2008 ◽  
Vol 222 (11) ◽  
pp. 2131-2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Saravanan ◽  
G Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Injection Duration ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Hydrogen is receiving considerable attention as an alternative fuel to replace the rapidly depleting petroleum-based fuels. Its clean burning characteristics help to meet the stringent emission norms. In this experimental investigation a single-cylinder diesel engine was converted to operate in hydrogen—diesel dual-fuel mode. Hydrogen was injected in the intake manifold and the diesel was injected directly inside the cylinder. The injection timing and the injection duration of hydrogen were optimized on the basis of performance and emissions. Best results were obtained with hydrogen injection at gas exchange top dead centre with an injection duration of 30° crank angle. The flowrate of hydrogen was optimized as 7.5l/min with optimized injection timing and duration. The optimized exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flowrate was 20 per cent at 75 per cent load. The optimized timings were chosen on the basis of performance, emission, and combustion characteristics. The EGR technique was adopted in the hydrogen—diesel dual-fuel mode by varying the EGR flowrate from 0 per cent to 25 per cent in steps of 5 per cent. The maximum quantity of exhaust gases recycled during the test was 25 per cent (up to 75 per cent load); beyond that unstable combustion was observed with an increase in smoke. The brake thermal efficiency with 20 per cent EGR decreases by 9 per cent compared with diesel. The nitrogen oxide (NO x) emission in hydrogen manifold injection decreases by threefold with 20 per cent EGR operation at full load. The NO x emission tends to reduce drastically with increase in the EGR percentage at all load conditions owing to the increase in heat capacity of the exhaust gases. The smoke decreases by 80 per cent in the dual-fuel operation compared with diesel at 75 per cent load.

scholarly journals The influence of non-cooled exhaust gas recirculation on the diesel engine parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Jerzy CISEK
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Engine Torque ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Start Of Injection ◽  
Gas Recirculation

This paper presents the results of the diesel engine research on the energy performance, components of exhaust gases and smoke and parameters related to the supply system for VW 1.9 TDI working in 2 modes: with standard, non-cooled EGR system, and without this system. All of measurements were carried out on the some engine speed – 2000 rpm (speed of maximum engine torque) and various engine loads. It was found that the serial engine control unit switches the EGR system off above 150 Nm engine load (Momax = 295 Nm). In this range of load the engine running with EGR is characterized by higher fuel consumption (lower total efficiency) ca. 5%, compared with engine without EGR. Concentration of NOx in exhaust gases was lower up to 45% but, at the same time, exhaust gas smoke and concentration of carbon oxides were strongly increasing. It can be seen that EGR system increases the temperature (up to 110oC) and changes the composition of air-exhaust gas in the intake manifold. One of reason of this fact is self-changing start of injection. Additional effect of EGR is lower air pressure behind turbocharger, because the flow of exhaust gases (into EGR) is taken before the

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ ОКСИДІВ АЗОТУ З ВІДПРАЦЬОВАНИМИ ГАЗАМИ СУДНОВИХ ДИЗЕЛІВ

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Exhaust Temperature ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Marine Engines ◽  
Harmful Substances

Solving the problem of ocean's airspace polluting with harmful emissions of ship-generated diesel engines by exhaust gases is associated with the creation of highly effective technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx from the diesel plant that apply both to vessels in service, designed and built. The air entering the engine is a working fluid that carries out a certain thermodynamic cycle, resulting in a change in its chemical composition, and the exhaust gas mixture contains many components. Emissions of harmful substances during the combustion of marine fuels are limited in accordance with international programs for the protection of the atmosphere and requirements of the International Maritime Organization IMO. Requirements apply all groups of harmful emissions of marine engines. The most stringent of them concern nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from the exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world leaders in engine construction, such as MAN Energy Solutions and Wärtsilä, apply and offer a variety of techniques to reduce the number of harmful substances in the exhaust gases. One of the most promising is the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGRS) of the ship diesel engine. Its advantage over other methods is the insignificant impact on the operation of the engine. During the exhaust gas recycling a temperature of the flame in the combustion chamber decreases, which leads to the reduction of NOx number. This is a consequence of the high rates of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Since the combustion rate is reduced, the exhaust temperature and the thermal load on the engine part are increased. The dilution of the inflow air with waste gas reduces the oxygen content in the supercharged air from 21 to 13%. The possibilities of the technology of the system of recirculation of exhaust gases of a marine engine are limited by the value of the ratio of O2/CO2 in the intake air, due to which the amount of combustion products at the inlet is limited to no more than 30%

METHOD OF ASSESSMENT LEVEL OF AIR POLLUTION EXHAUST GASES OF VEHICLES ON THE CO CONCENTRATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Тарасова ◽  
E. Tarasova ◽  
Волков ◽  
V. Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Method Of Assessment

The problem of air pollution by carbon monoxide road. The aim is to study the previously proposed methodology for the calculation of the level of concentration of carbon monoxide and make changes for a more objective analysis. This allows to evaluate the environmental impact of exhaust gas CO concentration

Controlling automotive exhaust emissions: successes and underlying science

2005 ◽  
Vol 363 (1829) ◽  
pp. 1013-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martyn V Twigg
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Lean Burn ◽  
Three Way Catalyst

Photochemical reactions of vehicle exhaust pollutants were responsible for photochemical smog in many cities during the 1960s and 1970s. Engine improvements helped, but additional measures were needed to achieve legislated emissions levels. First oxidation catalysts lowered hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, and later nitrogen oxides were reduced to nitrogen in a two-stage process. By the 1980s, exhaust gas could be kept stoichiometric and hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides were simultaneously converted over a single ‘three-way catalyst’. Today, advanced three-way catalyst systems emissions are exceptionally low. NO x control from lean-burn engines demands an additional approach because NO cannot be dissociated under lean conditions. Current lean-burn gasoline engine NO x control involves forming a nitrate phase and periodically enriching the exhaust to reduce it to nitrogen, and this is being modified for use on diesel engines. Selective catalytic reduction with ammonia is an alternative that can be very efficient, but it requires ammonia or a compound from which it can be obtained. Diesel engines produce particulate matter, and, because of health concerns, filtration processes are being introduced to control these emissions. On heavy duty diesel engines the exhaust gas temperature is high enough for NO in the exhaust to be oxidised over a catalyst to NO 2 that smoothly oxidises particulate material (PM) in the filter. Passenger cars operate at lower temperatures, and it is necessary to periodically burn the PM in air at high temperatures.

scholarly journals Gas Turbine Units for Pipeline Compressor Stations: Environmental Update Problems

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Sudarev ◽  
Y. I. Zakharov ◽  
E. D. Vinogradov ◽  
S. Vesely ◽  
G. Poslushny
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Gas Pumping ◽  
Environmental Challenge

The exhaust of nitrogen oxides into atmosphere is the most stringent environmental challenge in the operation of gas pipeline gas turbine plants. In 1991–1993 NITI EM along with EKOL retrofitted over 170 GTK-10 and GT-750-6 type gas turbine combustors of the “Tyumentransgas” and “Transit” (Czech Republic) gas transmission enterprises. Operations were carried out directly at the gas pumping stations. Emissions of the retrofitted units are within a range of 135–175 mg/Nm3 of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) referred to 15% O2 and carbon monoxide (CO) content of the exhaust gases does not exceed 100 mg/Nm3, at 15% O2.

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