scholarly journals Development of Roadmap for Photovoltaic Solar Technologies and Market in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Joanna Duda ◽  
Rafał Kusa ◽  
Stanisław Pietruszko ◽  
Marzena Smol ◽  
Marcin Suder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Market Development ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Technology Roadmapping ◽  
Development Paths ◽  
Further Development

Poland is dynamically changing its energy mix. As a result of this process, solar energy is increasing its share in energy production. The development of the solar energy market is determined by numerous factors. This paper aims to develop a roadmap for further development of the photovoltaic (PV) energy market in Poland. The scope of the research covers five areas of PV technology and market development in Poland: (i) technology; (ii) power grids; (iii) law; (iv) economic conditions; and (v) social conditions. With the use of a Technology Roadmapping Methodology (TRM), for each of the determined areas, several factors were analyzed, and their development paths were described. In addition, the article focuses on technological challenges (regarding PV cells, modules, components, power conversion and monitoring and management system, optimizers, batteries, and other energy storage systems), grid efficiency, recycling, production costs, subsidies, public awareness and education, and the energy exclusion problem. The main result of the research is the roadmap of the photovoltaic solar energy technology and market development in Poland. Further development of the PV market and technology requires parallel progress in all the identified areas. This study offers implications for policymakers, investors, managers, and technology and infrastructure developers regarding their involvement in photovoltaic market.

scholarly journals The Importance of Heat Emission Caused by Global Energy Production in Terms of Climate Impact

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Manowska ◽  
Andrzej Nowrot
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Warming Process

The global warming phenomenon is commonly associated with the emission of greenhouse gases. However, there may be other factors related to industry and global energy production which cause climate change—for example, heat emission caused by the production of any useful form of energy. This paper discussed the importance of heat emission—the final result of various forms of energy produced by our civilization. Does the emission also influence the climate warming process, i.e., the well-known greenhouse effect? To answer this question, the global heat production was compared to total solar energy, which reaches the Earth. The paper also analyzed the current global energy market. It shows how much energy is produced and consumed, as well as the directions for further development of the energy market. These analyses made it possible to verify the assumed hypothesis.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology and Processes the Nanophotovoltaic Panels

2013 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Alberto M. Ferreira ◽  
José António Filipe ◽  
José Chavaglia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Do So

Nanotechnology can be a powerful weapon in creating competitive advantages in the energy market, through the use of the photovoltaic nanopanels, which may reduce production costs and simultaneously permit to achieve the socio-environmental requirements. Moreover, today the adoption of nanotechnology in energy production can make this kind of energy very interesting along the years. Nanotechnology may, in fact, be responsible for unimaginable gains, both economically and for preserving the planet. The use of nanotechnology in the industry production processes is evidenced in this article. The example of the electric energy produced by photovoltaic panels is the vehicle to do so. The competitive advantage associated to the use of nanotechnology to solar energy production for companies in this market segment is highlighted. Finally, in addition to the already existent nanopanels, another opportunity to revolutionize the market, already in sight, is presented: the Nanogenerators that can convert the mechanical energy of body motion in electricity.

scholarly journals Sustaining Trade during COVID-19 Pandemic: Establishing a Conceptual Model Including COVID-19 Impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5418
Author(s):  
Nashwan M. A. Saif ◽  
Jianping Ruan ◽  
Bojan Obrenovic
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Sudden Decrease ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Conceptual Research

The conceptual research aims to identify antecedents conducive to bilateral trade during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the relevance of bilateral trade for foreign policy and economy studies, there is a need for a renewed framework in times of extreme economic instability. As international commerce is essential for improving the country’s economy, we have examined how economic distance, population, trade percentage of GDP, exchange rate, and political changes interconnect and relate to COVID-19, influencing trade flows. This conceptual paper illustrates the likely impact of COVID-19 on international trade by exploring pandemics’ effects on standard trading parameters such as GDP, distance, policy stability, and population. We model the resulting shock as a multifaceted variable reflected in capital underutilization, manufacturing output decline, international trade costs inflation, production costs inflation, decrease in demand for certain services and shift from everyday needs towards activities that exclude the proximity between people, e.g., proclivity towards virtual market products. The sudden decrease in GDP and bilateral trade, as well as FDI, is amplified by further development of pandemics’ long-term consequences. We take COVID-19 to be a technological, financial, and policy shock significantly influencing international trade and economic development and argue that it will have a varying impact on diverse sectors and economies. The paper offers preliminary insight into the pandemic-related economics that are unfolding and deduce recommendations on positive changes in trading policy to fully leverage on arising trading opportunities and point to potential research directions.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Solar-Driven Steam Gasification of Biomass for Large-Scale Hydrogen Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Houssame Boujjat ◽  
Sylvain Rodat ◽  
Stéphane Abanades
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biomass Gasification ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Steam Gasification ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Land Cost

Solar biomass gasification is an attractive pathway to promote biomass valorization while chemically storing intermittent solar energy into solar fuels. The economic feasibility of a solar gasification process at a large scale for centralized H2 production was assessed, based on the discounted cash-flow rate of return method to calculate the minimum H2 production cost. H2 production costs from solar-only, hybrid and conventional autothermal biomass gasification were evaluated under various economic scenarios. Considering a biomass reference cost of 0.1 €/kg, and a land cost of 12.9 €/m2, H2 minimum price was estimated at 2.99 €/kgH2 and 2.48 €/kgH2 for the allothermal and hybrid processes, respectively, against 2.25 €/kgH2 in the conventional process. A sensitivity study showed that a 50% reduction in the heliostats and solar tower costs, combined with a lower land cost of below 0.5 €/m2, allowed reaching an area of competitiveness where the three processes meet. Furthermore, an increase in the biomass feedstock cost by a factor of 2 to 3 significantly undermined the profitability of the autothermal process, in favor of solar hybrid and solar-only gasification. A comparative study involving other solar and non-solar processes led to conclude on the profitability of fossil-based processes. However, reduced CO2 emissions from the solar process and the application of carbon credits are definitely in favor of solar gasification economics, which could become more competitive. The massive deployment of concentrated solar energy across the world in the coming years can significantly reduce the cost of the solar materials and components (heliostats), and thus further alleviate the financial cost of solar gasification.

Preliminary results on the determination of solar energy potential using LiDAR technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Szabó ◽  
P. Enyedi ◽  
Gy. Szabó ◽  
I. Fazekas ◽  
T. Buday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Potential Surfaces ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Automatic Data

According to the challenge of the reduction of greenhouse gases, the structure of energy production should be revised and the increase of the ratio of alternative energy sources can be a possible solution. Redistribution of the energy production to the private houses is an alternative of large power stations at least in a partial manner. Especially, the utilization of solar energy represents a real possibility to exploit the natural resources in a sustainable way. In this study we attempted to survey the roofs of the buildings with an automatic method as the potential surfaces of placing solar panels. A LiDAR survey was carried out with 12 points/m2 density as the most up-to-date method of surveys and automatic data collection techniques. Our primary goal was to extract the buildings with special regard to the roofs in a 1 km2 study area, in Debrecen. The 3D point cloud generated by the LiDAR was processed with MicroStation TerraScan software, using semi-automatic algorithms. Slopes, aspects and annual solar radiation income of roof planes were determined in ArcGIS10 environment from the digital surface model. Results showed that, generally, the outcome can be regarded as a roof cadaster of the buildings with correct geometry. Calculated solar radiation values revealed those roof planes where the investment for photovoltaic solar panels can be feasible.

scholarly journals A Measured Energy Use, Solar Production, and Building Air leakage Dataset for a Zero Energy Commercial Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Agee ◽  
Leila Nikdel ◽  
Sydney Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Army Corps ◽  
Air Leakage ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Measured Energy

This paper provides an open dataset of measured energy use, solar energy production, and building air leakage data from a 328 m2 (3,531 ft2) all-electric, zero energy commercial building in Virginia, USA. Over two years of energy use data were collected at 1-hour intervals using circuit-level energy monitors. Over six years of solar energy production data were measured at 1-hour intervals by 56 microinverters. The building air leakage data was measured post-construction per ASTM-E779 Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization and the United States Army Corps (USACE) Building Enclosure Testing procedure; both pressurization and depressurization results are provided. The architectural and engineering (AE) documents are provided to aid researchers and practitioners in reliable modelling of building performance. The paper describes the data collection methods, cleaning, and convergence with weather data. This dataset can be employed to predict, benchmark, and calibrate operational outcomes in zero energy commercial buildings.

scholarly journals A case study on availability of sensor data in agent cooperation

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-615
Author(s):  
Christian Johansson ◽  
Fredrik Wernstedt ◽  
Paul Davidsson
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Problem Characteristic ◽  
Agent Cooperation

Multi-agent cooperation can in several cases be used in order to mitigate problems relating to task sharing within physical processes. In this paper we apply agent based solutions to a class of problems defined by their property of being predictable from a macroscopic perspective while being highly stochastic when viewed at a microscopic level. These characteristic properties can be found in several industrial processes and applications, e.g. within the energy market where the production and distribution of electricity follow this pattern. Another defining problem characteristic is that the supply is usually limited as well as consisting of several layers of differentiating production costs. We evaluate and compare the performance of the agent system in three different scenarios, and for each such scenario it is shown to what degree the optimization system is dependent on the level of availability of sensor data.

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